History/Medieval Studies 303

Syllabus 

Readings: 
 Book List  
 Iconoclasm 
 Discussion Topics 

Chronologies: 
 Imperial Crisis    
 Later Roman Emperors, 306-395   
 Fall of Western Empire   
 Age of Justinian   
 Islamic Caliphs   
 Byzantine Dark Age     
 Triumph of Christianity    
 Macedonian Resurgence 
 Crusades 
 Restoration and Ottoman Advance  

Handouts: 
 Population 
 Finances under Justinian 
 Byzantium c.850A.D. 

Currency charts: 
   Diocletian and Constantine 
   Justinian and Heraclius 
   Isaurian, Amorian, and Macedonian Ages 
   Comnenian and Palaeogian Ages 

Links 

Heraclian Dynasty 
HERACLIUS (610-641) 
Heraclius II Constantine III (Jan.-April 641) 
Heraclonas (Jan.-Sept. 641) 
CONSTANS II (641-668) 
CONSTANTINE IV (668-685) Pogonatus ("the Bearded") 
JUSTINIAN II (685-695) Rhinometus ("Slit-Nose") 
       Leontius (695-698) 
       Tiberius II (698-705) 
JUSTINIAN II (705-711), restored. 
       Philippicus(711-713) 
       Anastasius II (713-715) 
       Theodosius III (715-717) 
 
Isaurian or Syrian Dynasty 
LEO III (717-741) 
CONSTANTINE V (741-775), Copronymus ("Pisser") 
Leo IV (775-740) 
CONSTANTINE IV (780-797) 
IRENE (797-802) 

Arabian Dynasty 
NICEPHORUS I (802-811) 
Stauracius (811) 
Michael I Rangable (811-813) 
       Leo V (813-820) "the Armenian" 

Amorian Dynasty 
Michael II (820-829), "the Stammerer" 
THEOPHILUS (829-842) 
MICHAEL III (842-867), "the Drunkard" 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE: 602-867 

602		Murder of MAURICE TIBERIUS (582-602) & Accession of Phocas (602-610)
		Outbreak of Persian-Byzantine Wars: CHOSROES (Khusru) II invades Roman Mesopotamia
610		Revolt in Carthage & Accession of HERACLIUS (610-641)
613		Persians capture Damascus and Antioch
614		Persian Sack of Jerusalem
615		Persian Occupation of Chalcedon: Sassanid armies overrun Anatolia
618-19		Persian Conquest of Egypt
622		Heraclius launches counteroffensive vs. Persia
		MUHAMMAD and ABU BAKR flee Mecca for Medina ("Hegira")
622-26		Campaigns of Heraclius
		Avar-Persian Siege of Constantinople
627		Battle of Nineveh: Destruction of Persian army
628		Fall of Ctesiphon; Overthrow of Chosroes II
		Heraclius imposes peace on Persia
630		Heraclius and True Cross received in Jerusalem
		Muhammad received in Mecca: Unification of Arabia
632		Publication of Monenergian Doctrine
		Death of Muhammad. Abu Bakr elected Caliph (632-34)
634		UMAR I elected Caliph (634-644)
636		Battle of Yarmuk: Arab Conquest of Syria
637		Battle of Qadisiya: Collapse of Sassanid Persian Empire
637-42		Arab Conquest of Iraq, Armenia, and Iran
638		Fall of Jerusalem to the Arabs
		Publication of ECTHESIS: Proclamation of Monothelete Doctrine
641		Death of Heraclius and Succession Difficulties
		Surrender of Alexandria and Egypt to Arabs
		Accession of CONSTANS II (641-668)
642		Arab Conquest of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania
644		Assassination of Umar I. UTHMAN elected Caliph (644-656). MUAWIYA commences construction of Arab fleet
645-46		Byzantine reoccupation of Alexandria
648		Publication of TYPUS
649		Pope Martin I condemns Monothelete doctrine
		Muawiya conquers Cyprus: Arabic naval offensive against Byzantium
653		Arrest and Deposition of Pope Martin I
654		Arabic Sack of Rhodes
655		Battle of Attaleia ("Battle of the Masts"): Defeat of Imperial Navy and Flight of Constans II
656		Mutiny at Fustat (Cairo) and Murder of Caliph Uthman
		Election of ALI as Caliph (656-661)
		Outbreak of Islamic Civil War: Muawiya and Constans II sign a truce
		Battle of the Camel: Ali crushes Bedouin army of Kufa and arrests Aisha
657		Kharijites ("those who go out") secede from Shi'ite Cause
661		Murder of Ali by Kharijites
		Proclamation of MUAWIYA as Caliph (661-680)
		Establishment of Umayyad Caliphate
		Capital removed from Medina to Damascus
663-68		Constans II at Syracuse reorganizes Byzantine West
668		Accession of CONSTANTINE IV (668-685)
670		Muawiya poisons Alid pretender Hasan: Rift between Shi'ite and Sunnite Islam
674-77		FIRST ARAB SIEGE OF CONSTANTINOPLE
680		Bulgars cross Danube an establish Bulgar Khanate
681		SIXTH ECUMENICAL COUNCIL at Constantinople: Condemnation of Monenergian and Monothelete Doctrines
685		Accession of JUSTINIAN II (685-695)
		Revolt of Shi'ites at Kufa and in eastern Iran
		Disappearance of Mukhar & Proclamation of the "Hidden Imam"
691		Quinisextum Council: Reform of Church Discipline
695		Depositon of Justinian II: Civil Wars (695-705)
696		Reform of Arabic Currency by Abd al-Malik
		Arabization of Umayyad Administration
698		Fall of Carthage to the Arabs
		Escape of Justinian II from Cherson
705-11		Restoration of Justinian II and "Reign of Terror"
711		Fall of Justinian II: Civil Wars (711-717)
		Battle of Wadi Bakkah: Arabic Conquest of Spain
711-12		Arab Conquest of the Sind
717		Accession of LEO III (717-741); Establishment of Isaurian Dynasty
		Accesion of UMAR II as Caliph
717-718		SECOND ARABIC SIEGE OF CONSTANTINOPLE
726		Publication of Ecloga
		Publication of First Iconoclastic Edict
		FIRST ICONOCLASTIC PERIOD (726-787)
731		Pope Gregory III condemns Iconoclasm
		Criticism of ST. John Damascene vs. Iconoclasm
739/40		Battle of Acroinium: Decisive Imperial Victory over Umayyad armies in Asia Minor
741		Accession of CONSTANTINE V (741-775)
742-43		Revolt of Iconodule emperor Artavasdus
743-48		Umayyad Civil War
746		Campaign of Constantine V in North Syria
747		Campaign of Constantine V on Upper Euphrates & Armenia
		Outbreak of Shi'ite and Kharijite Revolts in Iraq
		Arab-Persian army of the East proclaims Abu l'Abbas Caliph at Merv
748		Abbasid forces occupy Kufa
750		Battle of Great Zab and Slaughter of Umayyad Princes
		Abu l'Abbas proclaimed Caliph as-Saffrah
		Foundation of Abbasid Caliphate
751		Fall of Ravenna to Lombards: End of Exarchate in Italy
		Battle of Talas: Arab Victory over armies of T'ang China
754		Iconoclastic Council of Hiera
		Pope Stephen II crowns Pepin the Short King of the Franks
756		Donation of Pepin: Creation of Papal States
		Umayyad Prince Abd al-Rahman proclaims indpendence from Abbasids: Creation of Umayyad Emirate in Spain
762		Caliph al-Mansur dedicates new capital Baghdad
763		Battle of Anchilaus: Victory of Constantine V over Bulgars
765		Split of Sevener and Twelver Shi'ites
774-75		Charlemagne's Conquest of the Lombards
775		Accession of LEO IV (775-780)
780		Accession of CONSTANTINE VI (780-797) & Regency of Irene
787		SEVENTH ECUMENICAL COUNCIL at Nicaea: Restoration of Icons
788		Revolt of Idrisids: Shi'ite state established in Morocco
789-92		Bulgar War of Constantine V
792		Invasion of Anatolia by Caliph Harun ar-Raschid
c. 795		St. Theodore refounds monastery of the Studion
797		Overthrow of Constantine VI and Accession of IRENE (797-802)
800		Coronation of Charlemagne as Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III; Reestablishment of Western Empire
		Surrender of Tunisia by Harun to Aghlabids
802		Accession of NICEPHORUS I (802-811)
806		Second Invasion of Harun ar-Raschid
809-14		Bulgar War against Khan Krum
811		Battle of Pliska: Slaughter of Nicephorus I and the Byzantine army
		Accession of MICHAEL I (811-813)
813		Battle of Versinica: Destruction of Byzantine army
		Overthrow of Michael I and Accession of LEO V (813-820)
814		Death of Khan Krum
		Byzantine-Bulgar Treaty marks off the "Great Fence of Bulgaria"
815		Publication of Second Edict of Iconoclasm
		SECOND ICONOCLASTIC PERIOD (815-843)
820		Accession of MICHAEL II (820-829)
		Establishment of Amorian Dynasty
821-24		Revolt of Thomas the Slav
826		Arab Conquest of Crete
827-78		Arab Conquest of Sicily
829		Accession of THEOPHILUS (829-842)
834		al-Mutasim creates Turkish bodyguard
837		Theophilus sacks Zapetra
838		Invasion of Caliph Al-Mutasim: Battles of Dazimon and Amorium
		Mission from Theophilus to Louis the Pious
842		Accession of MICHAEL III (842-867)
843		SYNOD OF CONSTANTINOPLE: Restoration of Icons
863		Battle of Poson: Beginning of Byzantine Counteroffensive against Islam
867		Murder of Michael III and Accession of BASIL I (867-886)