History/Medieval Studies 303
Readings:
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Discussion
Topics
Chronologies:
Imperial Crisis
Later Roman
Emperors, 306-395
Fall of Western
Empire
Age of Justinian
Islamic Caliphs
Byzantine Dark
Ages
Triumph of
Christianity
Macedonian Resurgence
Crusades
Restoration and Ottoman Advance
Handouts:
Population
Finances under
Justinian
Byzantium c.850A.D.
Currency charts:
Diocletian
and Constantine
Justinian
and Heraclius
Isaurian,
Amorian, and Macedonian Ages
Comnenian
and Palaeogian Ages
I. Dynasties
II. Reconquest of the Balkans
III. War and Diplomacy in Italy
IV. Agrarian Legislation
V. Chronological Table, 867-1081
Macedonian Dynasty
BASIL I "the Macedonian" (867-886)LEO VI "the Wise" (886-912)
Alexander (912-913)
CONSTANTINE VII PORPHYROGENITUS ("Born in the Purple") (813-957)
ROMANUS I LECAPENUS (920-944)
Romanus II (957-963)
NICEPHORUS II PHOCAS (963-969)
JOHN I TZIMISCES (969-976)
BASIL II BULGAROCTENUS, "Bulgar-slayer" (ascended 963; actual reign
976-1025)
CONSTANTINE VIII (ascended 963; actual reign 1025-1028)
ROMANUS III ARGYRUS (928-1034)
MICHAEL IV (1034-1041)
Michael V (1041-1042)
Zoe and Theodora (1042)
CONSTANTINE IX MONOMACHUS (1057-1059)
Theodora (1055-1056)
Michael VI (1056-1057)
ISAAC I COMNENUS (1057-1059)
Ducas Dynasty
Constantine X (1059-1067)
ROMANUS IV DIOGENES (1068-1072)
Michael VII (1071-1078)
Nicephorus III (1078-1081)
RULERS OF BULGARIA, KIEVAN RUSSIA & HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
| Tsars of Bulgaria | Princes of Kiev | ||
| BORIS I (852-899) | Oleg (Helgi) (882?-912) | ||
| Vladimir (899-893) | Igor (Ingvar) (913-945) | ||
| SYMEON (893-927) | Olga (Helga) (945-965) | ||
| Peter (927-969) | SVIATOSLAV (Sveinheld) (964-972) | ||
| Boris II (969-971) | |||
| Yaropolk (972-980) | |||
| VLADIMIR (Valdimar) (980-1015) | |||
| Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors | Tsars of Western Bulgaria | ||
| "Ottonian" or Saxon Dynasty | SAMUEL (976-1014) | ||
| Henry I "the Fowler" (919-936) | Gabriel Radomir (1014-1015) | ||
| OTTO I (936-973) | John Vladislav (1015-1018) | ||
| OTTO II (973-983) | |||
| OTTO III (983-1002) | |||
| Henry II (1002-1024) | |||
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THE RECONQUEST OF THE BALKANS
| 860 | Settlement of VARANGIANS at Kiev | |
| First Varangian Naval Attack on Constantinople | ||
| Conversion of Khazars to Judaism | ||
| Emergence of Pecheneg Power on the Russian Steppes | ||
| 863 | Ratislav of Moravia requests Christian missionaries from MICHAEL III (842-867) | |
| 864 | Baptism of Tsar BORIS I of Bulgaria (852-899) | |
| 867 | Accession of BASIL I (867-886) | |
| 869 | Coronation of Christopher as co-Augustus | |
| 870 | Creation of Metropolitan of Preslav and autonomous Orthodox Bulgarian Church | |
| 878 | Organization of Theme of Dalmatia | |
| Recovery of Imperial Naval Power in Adriatic | ||
| Rise of Venetian Naval Power | ||
| 879 | Death of Christopher; LEO VI recognized as heir to the Macedonian dynasty | |
| 883-886 | Arrest and Imprisonment of Leo VI | |
| 886 | Accession of LEO VI "the Wise" (886-912) | |
| 894-897 | BYZANTINE-BULGARIAN WAR | |
| 895 | Failure of Magyar-Byzantine Alliance; Pechenegs drive the Magyars westward and occupy Wallachian Plain | |
| 897-901 | Marital and Succession Problems of Leo VI | |
| 899-93 | Pagan Reaction in Bulgaria under Vladimir | |
| Leo VI supports SYMEON (893-927) to Bulgarian throne | ||
| 901 | Elevation of NICHOLAS MYSTICUS (901-907) as Patriarch of Constantinople | |
| Fourth Marriage of Leo VI to Zoe Carbospina | ||
| Outbreak of Tetragamic Controversy (901-907) | ||
| 904 | Arabs of Crete sack Thessalonica | |
| 907 | Deposition of Patriarch Nicholas Mysticus | |
| Revolt of Andronicus Ducas in Asia Minor | ||
| Second Varangian Naval Attack on Constantinople | ||
| Commercial Treaty between Byzantium Empire and Prince Oleg (Helgi) of Kiev | ||
| 911 | Restortion of Nicholas Mysticus (911-925) | |
| Renewal of Byzantine-Varangian Commerical Treaty | ||
| 912 | Accession of ALEXANDER (912-913) | |
| 913 | BYZANTINE-BULGARIAN WAR (913-924): SYMEON ravages Thrace, Macedon, and northern Greece | |
| Accession of CONSTANTINE VII "Porphyrogentius" | ||
| Regency of NICHOLAS MYSTICUS (913-915) | ||
| Coronation of Tsar Symeon and Promise of Marriage Alliance to Symeon | ||
| 915 | Political Downfall of Nicholas Mysticus | |
| REGENCY of ZOE CARBOSPINA (915-919) | ||
| 917 | Battle of Anchilaus: Symeon defeats Imperial army under Domestic Leo Phocas | |
| 919 | Romanus Lecapenus, Drungarius of Fleet, stages coup against Zoe Carbospina | |
| 920 | Coronation of ROMANUS I LECAPENUS as co-Augustus (920-944) | |
| Marriage of Constantine VII to Helena, daughter of Romanus I | ||
| Diplomatic and Military Isolation of Symeon | ||
| 924 | Treaty between Romanus I and Symeon | |
| Political Decline of Bulgaria | ||
| 927 | Defeat and Death of Symeon in Croatia | |
| Accession of Tsar Peter I (927-969) | ||
| Rise of BOGOMIL HERESY in Balkans | ||
| 941 | Third Varangian Naval Attack on Constantinople | |
| 944 | Fourth Varangian Naval Attack on Constantinople | |
| Death of Romanus I; Constantine VII assumes direct rule (944-957) | ||
| 945 | Constantine VII and Prince Igor of Kiev renegotiate commerical treaty | |
| 957 | Accession of ROMANUS II (957-963) | |
| 959/60 | Visit and Conversion of Queen Olga (Helga) of Kiev | |
| 963 | Death of Romanus II; Regency of THEOPHANO for her sons BASIL II and CONSTANTINE VIII | |
| Marriage of Theophano and NICEPHORUS II PHOCAS (963-969) | ||
| 966 | Nicephorus II invites Prince SVIATOSLAV of Kiev to invade Bulgaria | |
| 967 | VARANGIAN INVASION OF BULGARIA | |
| Sviatoslav fortifies Dorystolum on the Danube | ||
| 968-70 | Russian Conquest of Bulgaria | |
| 969 | Assassination of Nicephorus II | |
| Accession of JOHN I TZIMISCES (969-976) | ||
| 970-971 | John I besieges and defeats Sviatoslav in Dorystolum | |
| Withdrawal and Destruction of Varangians by the Pechenegs | ||
| Byzantine Annexation of Eastern Bulgaria | ||
| 976 | Death of John I; Accession of BASIL II BULGAROCTENUS (976-1025) | |
| Outbreak of Rebellion in Western Bulgaria under TSAR SAMUEL (976-1014) | ||
| 976-79 | REVOLT OF BARDAS SCLERUS in Asia Minor | |
| 979-86 | FIRST BULGARIAN WAR of Basil II | |
| 986 | Battle of Serdica (Sofia): Defeat of Basil II in Trajan's Gates | |
| 987-89 | REVOLTS OF BARDAS SCLERUS AND BARDAS PHOCAS in Asia Minor | |
| 988 | Appeal of Basil II for aid from Prince VLADIMIR of Kiev: Arrival of VARANGIAN GUARD | |
| 989 | Battles of Chrysopolis and Abydos: Defeat of Bardas Phocas | |
| Conversion of Vladimir to Orthodox Christianity | ||
| Marriage of Vladimir and Anna, sister of Basil II | ||
| 990-1016 | SECOND BULGARIAN WAR of Basil II | |
| 998 | Treaty between Basil II and Venice | |
| Venice assumes responsibility for Dalmatian cities | ||
| 1014 | BATTLE OF CLEIDON PASS: Destruction of Bulgarian Army and Death of Tsar Samuel | |
| 1014-16 | Annexation of Western Bulgaria | |
| Submission of Serbia and Croatia | ||
| MACEDONIAN RESURGENCE | ||
| THE EASTERN FRONTIER, 861-1045 | ||
| 861 | Death of Caliph al-Mutawakkil and Disintergration of Abbasid Caliphate | |
| 863 | BATTLE OF POSON: Decisive Byzantine Victory over Arabs & Beginning of Byzantine Counteroffensive | |
| 866 | Abortive Naval Expedition of MICHAEL III against the Arabs of Crete | |
| 867 | Accession of BASIL I (867-886) | |
| 868-906 | Tulunid Rebellion in Egypt | |
| 869-71 | Campaigns of Basil I against PAULICIANS | |
| Capture and Annexation of Tephrice | ||
| Organization of theme of MESOPOTAMIA (871-888) | ||
| 876-81 | Byzantine Occupation of Cyprus | |
| 885-90 | Revival of Armenian Power under Bagratid Dynasty | |
| Leo VI recognizes Ashot I "the Great" | ||
| 886-912 | Reign of LEO VI: Bulgarian Wars (894-924) interrupt Eastern Advance | |
| 904 | Arabs of Crete Sack Thessalonica | |
| 909-14 | Civil War and Islamic Invasion in Armenia | |
| 911-12 | Abortive Expedition against Arabs of Crete | |
| 920-44 | Reign of ROMANUS I: Resumption of Eastern Advance | |
| Romanus I restores Ashot II (914-928) to Armenia | ||
| 923 | Appointment of JOHN CUCURAS as Domestic | |
| 934 | Annexation of MELITENE | |
| 935-69 | Ikshidid-Abbasid Struggle over Syria and Iraq | |
| 940-62 | SAYF-AD-DAWALAH, Hamdanid Emir of Aleppo (944-967), directs Islamic Resistance | |
| Desultory Fighting in Cilicia, Mesopotamia, and Armenia | ||
| 949 | Abortive Expedition against the Arabs of Crete | |
| 960 | Appointment of NICEPHORUS PHOCAS as Domestic | |
| Annexation of Theodosiopolis | ||
| Fragmentation of Armenian Kingdom | ||
| 960-61 | Domestic NICEPHORUS PHOCAS conquers CRETE | |
| 962 | Nicephorus Phocas captures and sacks ALEPPO | |
| 963 | Accession of NICEPHORUS II PHOCAS (963-969) | |
| 965 | Nicephorus II conquers Teluch (Cilicia) and Cyprus | |
| 968 | Annexation of Armenian Principality of Taron | |
| 969 | Recapture of ANTIOCH and Organization of Catepanate of Syria | |
| FATIMID Conquest of Egypt and Palestine | ||
| 970 | Second Sack of ALEPPO: Muslim Northern Syria reduced to a client state | |
| 974 | First Eastern Expedition of JOHN I TZIMISCES | |
| Submission of Ashot III (952-977) of Armenia | ||
| 975 | Second Eastern Expedition of JOHN I TZIMISCES | |
| Byzantine Penetration into Palestine | ||
| 996 | First Syrian Expedition of BASIL II: Repulse of Fatimid Attack on Northern Syria | |
| 999 | Second Syrian Expedition of BASIL II | |
| 1001 | Treaty of BASIL II and Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim | |
| Protection of Pilgrimage Routes | ||
| 1008 | Unification of Iberia and Abasgia into KINGDOM OF GEORGIA under Bagrat III (1008-1014) | |
| 1018 | Seljuk Turks defeat David of Vaspurakan | |
| 1021 | King Sennacherib-John cedes Vaspurakan to Basil II | |
| King Sennacherib-John and 14,000 Armenians granted lands in Cappadocia | ||
| Migration of Armenians into eastern Asia Minor | ||
| 1021-22 | GEORGIAN WAR of BASIL II | |
| Annexation of Iberia and Submission of King George II (1014-1027) | ||
| 1032 | Domestic GEORGE MANIACES conquers EDESSA | |
| 1045 | Annexation of Ani |
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