Last Updated 09/18/1999
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Copyright 1999
Persia and the Greeks
| 559 B.C. | Accession of CYRUS THE GREAT (559-530 B.C.) |
| 550 B.C. | Cyrus conquers Media |
| 547-546 B.C. | Cyrus conquers Lydia. Submission of Ionian cities to Cyrus |
| 539 B.C. | Cyrus conquers Babylon |
| 530 B.C. | Accession of CAMBYSES (530-522 B.C.) |
| 525-522 B.C. | Cambyses conquers Egypt |
| 522 B.C. | Death of Cambyses and Revolt of Bardiya (Smerdis)
Proclamation of DARIUS I (522-486 B.C.) GREAT REVOLT OF SATRAPS (422-521 B.C.) |
| 520 B.C. | Scythian Campaign of Darius (520-519 B.C.)
Accession of King CLEOMENES I of Sparta |
| 519 BC. | Alliance of Athens and Plataea |
| 518-514 B.C. | Darius conquers the Indus valley |
| c. 517 B.C. | Lesbos, Chios, and Samos submit to Persian rule |
| c. 516 B.C. | MILTIADES arrives in Thracian Chersonesus |
| 513-511 B.C. | Persian conquest of Thrace, Macedon, and Thasos |
| 510 B.C. | Otanes and Artaphernes reorganize the Western Satrapies
King CLEOMENES I of Sparta deposes the tyrant Hippias in Athens |
| 508-07 B.C. | CLEISTHENES directs Democratic Revolution in Athens |
| 506 B.C. | Athenians defeat Boeotians and Chalcidians
Peloponnesian allies refuse to follow Cleomenes against Athens |
| 505 B.C. | Hippias, ex-tyrant of Athens, flees to Sardes
Envoys of the Athenian democracy make formal submission at Sardes Outbreak of intermittant Athenian-Aeginetan War (505-481) King Cleomenes engineers exile of King Demaratus |
| 501 B.C. | Creation of the Board of Ten Generals in Athens |
| 499 B.C. | Abortive Persian Expedition against Naxos
Aristagoras encourages outbreak of Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C) |
| 498 B.C. | Ionians, with aid of Athens and Eretria, burn Sardes |
| 497-496 B.C. | Persian offensives against Caria and Ionia |
| 496 B.C. | Persians reconquer Cyprus |
| 494 B.C. | BATTLE OF LADE: Collapse of the Ionian Revolt
King Cleomenes defeats Argives at Sepea & puts down pro-Persian governments in the Peloponnesian League |
| 492 B.C. | Mardonius reorganizes the Ionian cities
Persian Expedition in North Aegean wrecked by storms THEMISTOCLES archon in Athens Phrynichus performs tragedy Sack of Miletus in Athens Trial and acquittal of Miltiades for tyranny in Thrace |
| 490 B.C. | Datis and Artaphernes lead Persian Expedition against Athens
Persians sack Naxos and Eretria BATTLE OF MARATHON: Defeat of Persians by MILTIADES Spartans suppress helot risings in Messenia Suicide of King Cleomenes Outbreak of Egyptian Rebellion (490-486 B.C.) |
| 489 B.C. | Abortive Athenian Expedition against Paros
Trial and disgrace of Miltiades |
| 487 B.C. | Themistocles secures ostracism of Hipparchus, son of Charmus |
| 486 B.C. | Ostracism of Megalces. Accession of King XERXES
Outbreak of Revolt in Babylon (486-482 B.C.) |
| 485 B.C. | Ostracism of Xanthippus. Gelon, Tyrant of Syracuse in Sicily (485-478 B.C.) |
| 483 B.C. | Laurium Silver Strike and Ostracism of Aristides
Themistocles directs construction of 200 triremes (483-480 B.C.) THEMISTOCLES SUPREME IN ATHENS. |
| 481 B.C. | King Xerxes arrives at Sardes (spring)
Meeting of Confederate Greek states at Corinth (Oct.) Leonidas and Themistocles agree on command and strategy |
| 480 B.C. | GREAT PERSEIAN INVASION OF GREECE BY XERXES
Battles of ARTEMISIUM and THERMOPYLAE Xerxes occupies and burns Athens BATTLE OF SALAMIS: Decisive Defeat of Persian Navy Xerxes retreats to Asia; MARDONIUS assumes command in Greece BATTLE OF HIMERA: Gelon of Syracuse defeats Carthaginian army in Sicily |
| 479 B.C. | BATTLE OF PLATAEA: Pausanias destroys army of Mardonius
BATTLE OF MYCALE: Greeks surprise and destroy Persian fleet Rebellion of Ionian Cities. Siege of Sestos (479-477 B.C.) |
Dr. Kenneth W. Harl
(Ph.D., Yale University 1978; prof.)
Classical Greece, Rome and Byzantium
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