Subject heading	Sort Code
New journal	B010
Renamed journal	B030
Avian biology & life history	B100
Africa, sub-Saharan & Madagascar	B104
Antarctica & sub-Antarctica	B106
Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand	B108
Europe & Iceland	B110
Mexico, Central America, & Caribbean	B112
New World	B114
North Africa & Middle East	B116
North America & Greenland	B118
Northern Asia & Far East	B120
Oriental (India, SE Asia, Indonesia,Philippines)	B128
South America	B130
Behavior & communication	B300
Agonistic & aggressive behavior	B302
Learning, memory, & intelligence	B304
Locomotion	B306
Self-maintenance (Daily time budget,Preening, Bathing, Anting, Roosting)	B308
Sensory perception (Auditory, Magnetic, Olfactory, Tactile, Visual sensing)	B310
Sexual behavior (Courtship, Pair Bonding, Copulation)	B312
Social and interspecific behavior(Colonial behavior, Social organization)	B314
Territoriality & home range	B316
Visual signals	B318
Vocalizations & other sounds	B320
Birds & humans	B500
Collisions & other artificial fatalities	B502
Damage to crops or fisheries, Nuisance Control	B504
Gamebird management & hunting	B508
Uses of birds by humans	B510
Breeding habits	B700
Breeding schedule & dates	B702
Brood parasitism , Egg dumping, & Foster parenting	B704
Cooperative or communal breeding	B706
Effects of human studies or presence	B708
Eggs & incubation, including egg physiology & morphology	B710
Extra-pair mating, paternity	B712
Mating systems	B714
Nesting habitat, nest site, & structure	B716
Parental care & feeding	B718
Young, from hatching to fledging (Growth & Development)	B720
Conservation	B900
Captives (Maintenance, Rehabilitation, & Release)	B902
Declining & endangered species	B904
Education programs, politics, planning	B906
Effects of man-made environmental changes	B908
Habitat protection & management	B910
Species recovery measures	B912
Wild bird trade	B914
Diseases, parasites, & pathology	C100
Diseases & disease transmission	C102
Parasites, external & internal	C104
Pathology & injury	C106
Distribution & avifaunas	C300
General, worldwide, or zoogeography	C302
Africa, sub-Saharan & Madagascar	C304
Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand	C308
Europe & Iceland	C310
Mexico, Central America, & Caribbean	C312
North Africa & Middle East	C316
North America & Greenland	C318
Northern Asia & Far East	C320
Oceania	C324
Oriental (India, SE Asia, Indonesia, Philippines)	C328
South America	C330
Documentation
Biographies, obituaries, & history	C704
Collecting & collections, taxonomic specimens	C706
Terminology	C708
Ecology, environment, & populations	C900
Biocides & pollution	C902
Birds as environmental monitors	C904
Climate & weather effects	C906
Habitat change, selection, & use; community structure, habitat suitability models	C908
Life span & survivorship	C910
Mortality causes	C912
Population numbers, censuses, trends, & dynamics	C914
Predation & predators	C916
Reproductive effort & productivity	C918
Site fidelity & dispersal	C920
Species composition & competition; biodiversity	C922
Trophic levels, energy cycles, & related relationships	C924
Winter habitat & habits	C926
Evolution & systematics
Classification & phylogeny	D104
Coevolution or interaction between avian and non-avian species	D106
Intraspecific variation	D108
New taxa	D110
Species concepts	D112
Taxonomy & nomenclature	D114
Food habits & nutrition	D300
Diet, food selection, & nutrition	D302
Drinking, pellet-casting, & defecation	D304
Foraging habits, food transport, storage	D306
Kleptoparasitism	D308
Genetics & hybridization
Cytogenetics and molecular genetics	D504
Hybrids & progeny	D508
Identification	D700
Species identification	D702
Sex or age class identification	D704
Migration & navigation	D900
Migratory behavior	D902
Migratory dates, timing, & routes	D904
Migratory physiology	D906
Navigation & homing	D908
Morphology & physiology	E100
Circulatory system	E102
Digestive system	E104
Embryology & development	E106
Endocrine system & hormones	E108
Excretory system & water metabolism (Urinary structures, Nasal glands)	E110
Immune system	E112
Integument (Feathers, Molts, Plumages, Integumentary structures, Skin)	E114
General morphology (Body size, Sexual dimorphism, Regional morphology)	E116
Physiology & biochemistry (Body composition, Day length effects, Energy metabolism, Lipid physiology, Protein physiology)	E118
Reproductive system & physiology	E120
Respiratory system	E122
Sensory & nervous system	E124
Paleornithology	E300
Jurassic & Cretaceous fossils	E302
Paleocene, Eocene, & Oligocene fossils	E304
Miocene & Pliocene fossils	E306
Pleistocene & Holocene fossils & subfossils	E308
Site surveys	E310
Techniques
Captive breeding, care, & rehabilitation	E504
Censuses, maps, & surveys	E506
Environmental monitoring	E508
Field methods not included elsewhere	E510
Genetic methods	E512
Mathematical models	E514
Photographic & video documentation	E516
Physiological methods	E518
Predator control	E520
Sound recording	E522
Tracking & remote monitoring	E524
Trapping, netting, banding, & marking	E526

Abstracts in ROL #77 treat articles from the following serials:

Acta Amazonica 19 (1989), 20 (1990), 22 (1992)

Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 12 (1990), 17 (1995)

Acta Biologica Paranaense 19 (1990)

Acta Botanica 15 (1991)

Acta Ornithologica 32 (1997)

Acta Parasitologica 41 (1996)

Acta Theriologica 41 (1996)

Acta Zoologica Lilloana 39--42 (1990--1993)

Acta Zoologica Mexicana 41 (1990), 47 (1991, 66 (1995)

Alauda 64 (1996), 65 (1997)

Alcheringa 22 (1998)

Alula 3 (1996--1997)

Ameghiniana 25 (1988), 32 (1995)

American Naturalist 148--150 (1996--1997)

Anais do Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 62 (1990)

Anales del Instituto de Biologia UNAM Serie Zoologia 59 (1989),

Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, serie Ciencias Humanas 22 (1993)

Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, serie Ciencias Naturales 20 (1991), 21 (1992)

Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 20 (1989), 22 (1994)

Animal Behaviour 53--57 (1997--1998)

Animal Conservation 1 (1998)

Antarctic Journal of the United States 28 (1993)

Ardea 82--84 (1994--1996), 84A (1996)

Arquivos do Instituto Biologico 57 (1990)

Arquivos de Biología y Tecnología 33 (1990), 37 (1994)

Australian Bird Watcher 17 (1998)

Australian Raptor Association News = BooBook

Avocetta 20 (1996)

Babbler 32 (1997)

Badan. Fizjogr. Nad Polska Zachol., Ser. C, Zool. 43 (1996)

Biotropica 27 (1995), 28 (1996)

Bird Observer (Massachusetts) 25 (1997)

Bird Study 44 (1997)

Birders’ Journal 6 (1997)

Birding World 9--11 (1996--1998)

Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 49 (1997), 52 (1995)

Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi serie Zoologia 7--10 (1991--1994)

Boletin de la Sociedad Biologica de Concepción 61 (1990)

Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 65 (1994)

Brenesia 34 (1990)

BWP Update 1 (1997)

Caldasia 17--19 (1995--1997)

Ciencia e Cultura 43 (1991), 45--46 (1993)

Colonial Waterbirds=Waterbirds

Corella 22 (1998)

Dutch Birding 19 (1997)

Eclectus 1--3 (1996--1997)

Ekologia Polska 44 (1996)

El Pitirre 2--5 (1989--1992), 8--10 (1995--1997)

Emirates Bird Report No. 19 (1997)

Emu 98 (1998)

Environmental Entomology 27 (1988)

Ethology, Ecology, & Evolution 8 (1996)

Gerfaut/Giervalk 85 (1995)

Great Basin Naturalist 57 (1997)

Ibis 136 (1994), 138 (1996)

Iheringia, serie Zoologia 70--72 (1990--1992), 76--78 (1994--1995)

Indiana Audubon Quarterly 76 (1998)

International Studies of Sparrows 22--23 (1995--1996)

Iowa Bird Life 68 (1998)

Journal für Ornithologie 138 (2, 3) (1997)

Journal of Arid Environments 35, 36 (1997)

Journal of Avian Biology 28 (1997)

Journal of Economic Entomology 91 (1998)

Journal of Evolutionary Biology 3--7 (1990--1994)

Journal of Field Ornithology 68 (1997), 69 (1998)

Journal of Wildlife Research 1 (1996)

Journal of Zoology 240--242 (1996--1997)

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 25 (1995), 26 (1996)

Kentucky Warbler 73 (1997)

Landscope 12 (1996)

Limosa 65--69 (1992--1996)

Malimbus 19 (1997)

Memorias del Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 85 (1990), 89 (1994), 91 (1996)

Michigan Birds Natural History 3 (1996), 4 (1997)

Micronesica 30 (1997)

Muruk 8 (1996)

New Zealand Journal of Botany 33 (1995), 34 (1996)

New Zealand Journal of Ecology 22 (1998)

New Zealand Journal of Zoology 24 (1997)

Northwest Science 72 (1998)

Northwestern Naturalist 77 (1996)

Nos Oiseaux 44 (1997)

Notornis 44 (1997), 45 (1998

Oman Bird News No. 20 (1997)

Oriental Bird Club Bulletin 13--27 (1991--1998)

Ornis Hungarica 6 (1996)

Ornithologische Beobachter 88 (1991)

Pacific Science 51 (1995)

Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 37 (1990), 39 (1994)

Poeyana 361 (1988), 365 (1989), 401 (1991), 415 (1992)

Polish Polar Research 15 (1994)

Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science 47--49 (1993--1995)

Queensland Naturalist 33 (1995)

Records of New Jersey Birds 24 (1998)

Records of the Western Australia Museum 18 (1997)

Revista Brasileira de Biología 56 (1996)

Revista Ceres 37 (1990)

Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 63 (1990), 64 (1991)

Revista de la Asociación de Ciencias Naturales del Litoral 19 (1988) 22 (1991), 23 (1992), 25 (1994)

Ring 17 (1995)

Ringing & Migration 16 (1995), 17 (1996)

Sandgrouse 19 (1, 1997)

Science 279 (1998), 280 (1998)

Scottish Birds 19 (1, Raptor Round Up Suppl., 1997)

Scottish Bird Report No. 28 (1997)

Scottish Bird News No. 46 (1997)

Serie Cientifica Instituto Antártico Chileno 39 (1989)

Sichuan Journal of Zoology 15 (1996)

South Dakota Bird Notes 48 (1996), 49 (1997)

Southwestern Naturalist 42 (1997), 43 (1998)

Stilt 32 (1998)

Túczok 1 (1996), 2 (1997)

Victorian Naturalist 115 (1998)

Western Birds 28 (1997)

Wetlands 17 (1997)

Wiadomosci Ekologiczne 43 (1997)

Wildlife Monographs 115 (1991), 124--132 (1993--1996), 137 (1998)

Wildlife Research 24 (1997), 25 (1998)

Wildlife Society Bulletin 25 (1997)

Wilson Bulletin 110 (1998)

Zeszyty Problemowe Postepów Nauk Rolniczych 428 (1996)
 
 

We appreciate the efforts of the following abstractors who contributed to this issue: R. T. Barrett, P. H. Becker, R. G. Bijlsma, L. Birch, L. K. Blight, J. V. Briskie, M. G. Brooker, T. M. Brooks, P. W. P. Browne, J. S. Castrale, R. B. Clapp, P. J. Cowan, J. A. Craves, V. R. Cueto, W. E. Davis, R. H. Diehl, J. J. Dinsmore, J. J. Dosch, V. M. Dziadosz, I. D. Endersby, J. R. Faaborg, C. González-Salazar, M. Güntert, E. Hirschfeld, R. A. Ickes, J. Ingels, W. P. Johnson,M. J. Justice, P. Lack, A. L. Lang, M. V. McDonald, E. O. Minot, K. C. Molina, G. Olioso, H. D. Perkins, J. M. Peter, R. O. Pineda, J. Pinowski, M. A. Plenge, T. D. Reynolds, G. Ritchison, I. C. Rowley, E. I. Saiff, G. Sangster, N. J. Skinner, A. Sorace, W. K. Steele, T. Szekely, W. E. Thogmartin, T. Treharne, R. G. Troetschler, A. K. Turner, and D. Warden.---The editors.
 
 

{B010} Animal Conservation. ISSN No. 1367-9430. Quarterly journal published by the Zoological Society of London. Annual subscription US-$124 for institutions, US$62 for individuals. Contact: Animal Conservation Ed. Off., Zool. Soc. London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.---Publishes research papers on novel scientific studies of the conservation of animal species and their habitats, also research reviews, comments and book reviews.---T.M.B.

{B010} BWP Update. ISSN 1363-0601. Three issues per year. (Subscriptions: Journal Subscriptions Dept., Oxford Univ. Press, Great Clarendon St., Oxford OX2 6DP, UK. EM: jnl.info@oup.co.uk. Editor: Dr. M. Ogilvie, Glencairn, Bruichladdich, Isle of Islay PA49 7UN, UK. EM: maogilvie@indaal.demon.co.uk. Annual subscription US$75 (Institutional price US$130). Publishes species accounts that update the Handbook of the Birds of the Western Palearctic. Papers commissioned; anyone wishing to submit an account should first contact the editor. First issue includes accounts for Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Phoenicopterus ruber, Phoenicopterus minor, Cygnus cygnus, Anser brachyrhynchus, Falco naumanni, Diomedea cauta, and Daption capense.---J.V.B.

{B010} Eclectus, new journal published by the Birds Australia Parrot Association, a Special Interest Group of Birds Australia, formed in Albany, WA, Australia, October, 1996. No. 1, Sept. 1996, No. 2, April 1997, No. 3, October 1997.

{B010} Ecotropica. Bi-annual journal of the German Society for Tropical Ecology. As a correction to the announcement of this new journal in ROL #75, note that requests for subscriptions, back issues, and voucher copies should be sent to: Thomas Zuechner, Alexander Koenig Research Institute and Museum of Zoology, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; EM: t.zuechner.zfmk@uni-bonn.de. Manuscripts should be sent to the Managing Editor, K.-L. Schuchmann, at the same address.

{B010} Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas. ISSN No. 1094-0782. Publishes refereed original research papers on all aspects of biology. This series replaces The University of Kansas Science Bulletin; Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History; Monographs, Museum of Natural History; and Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Natural History, all discontinued in the period 1992-1996. Editor, W. E. Duellman, Dyche Hall, Univ. Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2454, USA. General information may be obtained at Tel. 785-864-4450 or via EM: huerter@falcon.cc.ukans.edu---R.J.

{B030} Australasian Raptor Association News (last issue 17 (2), December 1996) renamed BooBook (first issue 18 (1), July 1997).

{B030} Colonial Waterbirds (last vol. 21, 1998) renamed Waterbirds (commences with vol. 22, 1999). The new journal expands its focus from colonial waterbirds to all waterbird subgroups, such as ducks, shorebirds, and solitary seabirds, as well as to rare or less known species and to general principles of waterbird biology across subgroups, major advances concerning individual subgroups, and comparisons of subgroups.---J.M.S.

{B100} Collias, N. E., & E. C. Collias. 1998. Seeking to understand the living bird: The 1997 Margaret Morse Nice Lecture. Wilson Bull. 110: 28--44. (Dept. Biol., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.)---Summary of research on the biology of avian behavior. Includes evolution and function of social behavior at all levels of organization from physiology to population.---J.J.Dos.

{B100} Hõrak, P., & T. Tammaru. 1996. Between-year variation in breeding conditions biases heritability estimates for body size in birds. Ardea 84: 127--135. (Inst. Zool. Bot., Anim. Ecol. Sect., Univ. Tartu, Riia 181, Tartu EE--2400, Estonia.)

{B100} Møller, A. P., & R. Thornhill. 1998. Male parental care, differential parental investment by females and sexual selection. Anim. Behav. 55: 1507--1515. (Lab. d'Écol., CNRS URA 258, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai St Barnard, Case 237, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.)

{B100} Rodrigues, M. 1998. No relationship between territory size and the risk of cuckoldry in birds. Anim. Behav. 55: 915--923. (Depto. Ecol. & Zool., Univ. Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.)---Field study of Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita, and literature review.---A.K.T.

{B100} Zuk, M., et al. 1998. Parasites influence social rank and morphology, but not mate choice, in female Red Junglefowl, Gallus gallus. Anim. Behav. 56: 493--499. (Dept. Biol., Univ. California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.)

{B102} Cotgreave, P. 1994. Migration, body-size and abundance in bird communities. Ibis 136: 493--496. (Dept. Zool., Oxford Univ., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)

{B104} Payne, R. B., & L. L. Payne. 1994. Song mimicry and species associations of west African indigobirds Vidua with Quail-finch Ortygospiza atricollis, Goldbreast Amandava subflava and Brown Twinspot Clytospiza monteiri. Ibis 136: 291--304. (Mus. Zool. & Dept. Biol., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.)---Supports hypothesis that associations between brood parasite and foster species arose by switching from one foster to another rather than by cospeciation.---J.V.B.

{B104} Tréca, B. 1996. [In north Senegal, sewage farms are attractive to Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis and Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis.] Alauda 64: 421--428. (Lab. Ornithol., ORSTOM, B.P. 1386, Dakar, Senegal.) (French, Engl. summ.)

{B104} Turpie, J. K., & P. A. R. Hockey. 1996. Foraging ecology and seasonal energy budgets of estuarine Grey Plovers Pluvialis squatarola and Whimbrels Numenius phaeopus at the southern tip of Africa. Ardea 84: 57--74. (Percy Fitzpatrick Inst. Afr. Ornithol., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa.)---Despite high foraging densities both species satisfy energy demands during non-breeding season more easily in South Africa than closer to breeding grounds.---R.G.B.

{B104} Tyler, S. J. 1997. Some notes on Marsh Owls Asio capensis at Ruretse near Gaborone [Botswana]. Babbler 32: 38--39. (Room 106, D. A. H. P., Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, Botswana.)

{B106} Janes, D. N., et al. 1993. Reproductive effort and foraging energetics in Adelie penguins. Antarct. J. U. S. 28(5): 150--151. (Dept. Biol., Univ. California-Riverside, CA 92521, USA.)---Energetics and osmoregulation in Pygoscelis adeliae chicks.---L.K.B.

{B106} Jouventin, P., J. Bried, & E. Ausilio. 1996. Life-history variations of the Lesser Sheathbill Chionis minor in contrasting habitats. Ibis 138: 732--741. (C.N.R.S.-C.E.B.C., 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France.)---In Kerguelen Archipelago and Marion Island.---J.V.B.

{B106} Kooyman, G., et al. 1993. Emperor Penguin foraging behavior in the western Ross Sea, 1992. Antarct. J. U. S. 28(5): 149. (Ctr. Mar. Biotech. & Biomed., Scripps Inst. Oceanography, Univ. California-Davis, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA.)---Initial summary of time-depth recorder and satellite transmitter data. Census of Aptenodytes forsteri chicks for 3 Ross Sea colonies.---L.K.B.

{B106} Roby, D. R., J. R. E. Taylor, & A. R. Place. 1993. Physiological aspects of stomach-oil formation in Antarctic seabirds. Antarct. J. U. S. 28(5): 146--147. (Alaska Coop. Fish Wildl. Res. Unit, Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-0990, USA.)---Chicks on high-oil diets gain weight faster than those with low-oil diets or field controls, but lipid assimilation and growth increment in wing length significantly lower for Pelecanoides georgicus than Pachyptila desolata on high-oil diet. Adult free-ranging metabolic rates measured.---L.K.B.

{B106} Van Heezik, Y. M., et al. 1994. Interrelationships between breeding frequency, timing and outcome in King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus: are King Penguins biennial breeders? Ibis 136: 279--284. (Natl. Wildl. Res. Ctr., PO Box 1086, Taif, Saudi Arabia.)---No.---J.V.B.

{B106} Weidinger, K. 1996. Patterns of colony attendance in the Cape Petrel Daption capense at Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Ibis 138: 243--249. (Inst. For. & Nat. Res., IBN-DLO, Postbox 167, 1790 AD Den Burg (Texel), Netherlands.)

{B108} Dall, S. R. X., & M. S. Witter. 1998. Feeding interruptions, diurnal mass changes and daily routines of behaviour in the Zebra Finch. Anim. Behav. 55: 715--725. (Dept. Math., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4510, USA.)---Taeniopygia guttata became less active in response to experimentally reduced food availability.---A.K.T.

{B108} Frith, C. B., & D. W. Frith. 1994. The nesting biology of Archbold's Bowerbird Archboldia papuensis and a review of that of other bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchidae). Ibis 136: 153--160. ('Prionodura,' PO Box 581, Malanda, Qld. 4885, Australia.)---Study of 13 active nests and nestling diet.---J.V.B.

{B108} Holmes, G. 1998. A review of the distribution, status and ecology of the Star Finch Neochmia ruficauda in Queensland. Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 278--289. (P.O. Box 1246, Atherton, Qld. 4883, Australia.)---Northern subspecies is locally numerous but southern one is critically endangered. Habitat types are described and food observations given.---I.D.E.

{B108} Isles, A. 1997. The Paradise Parrot: 70 years on. Eclectus 3: 24--26. (115 Greville St., Prahran, Vic. 3181, Australia.)---Reviews data on Psephotus pulcherrimus, considered to have become extinct by 1927.---I.C.R.

{B108} Noske, R. A. 1998. Social organisation and nesting biology of the cooperatively breeding Varied Sitella Daphoenositta chrysoptera in north-eastern New South Wales. Emu 98: 85--96. (Zool. Dept., Univ. New England, Armidale, NSW 2066, Australia.)---Study of breeding biology which argues that group-living and philopatry in this species probably developed because of increased foraging efficiency and reduced vulnerability to predators.---W.K.S.

{B108} Pavey, C. R., & A. K. Smyth. 1998. Effects of avian mobbing on roost use and diet of Powerful Owls, Ninox strenua. Anim. Behav. 55: 313--318. (64 Arafura St., Upper Mt. Gravatt, Brisbane 4122, Australia.)---Roost mainly in rainforest where mobbing is infrequent and prey on nonmobbing species eight times more than mobbers.---A.K.T.

{B108} Zann, R., & D. Runciman. 1994. Survivorship, dispersal and sex ratios of Zebra Finches Taeniopygia guttata in southeast Australia. Ibis 136: 136--146. (Dept. Zool., La Trobe Univ., Bundoora 3083, Australia.)---Highly mobile with large home ranges and extensive interchange among breeding colonies.---J.V.B.

{B110} Beck, F. 1991. [Size and reproductive success of a Swift (Apus apus) colony in Ramsei, Switzerland, 1961-1990.] Ornithol. Beob. 88:143--145. (Birkenhain, CH--3435 Ramsei, Switzerland.) (German.)

{B110} Belda, E. J. 1996. [Life history strategies of Great Tits Parus major and Blue Tits Parus caeruleus in the Mediterranean area.] Ph.D. dissert., Univ. Valencia. (Depto. Microbiol. & Ecol., Univ. Valencia, E--46100 Burjassot, Spain.)---Habits of Great and Blue tits in a semi-evergreen forest in Pitarque, eastern Spain and compared with those from other populations. Investigates the relationships between fecundity and survival rates.---L.B.

{B110} Bijlsma R. G. 1995. [Golden Orioles Oriolus oriolus and poplars Populus spp. below sea level.] Limosa 68: 21--28. (Doldersummerweg 1, 7983 LD Wapse, Netherlands.)---Density, habitat choice, food and breeding biology in poplar plantations in recently reclaimed polders. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B110} Birkhead, T. R., et al. 1997 Song, sperm quality and testes asymmetry in the Sedge Warbler. Anim. Behav. 53: 965--971. (Dept. Anim. Plant Sci., Univ. Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.)---Song features of Acrocephalus schoenobaenus not related to sperm quality or testes asymmetry but older males tended to have larger repertoires and testes---A.K.T.

{B110} Blomert, A.-M., et al., Eds. 1996. Oystercatchers and their estuarine food supplies. Ardea 84 A. (Netherlands Ornithol. Union, c/o T. Boudewijn, Akelei 42, 4102 JM Culemborg, Netherlands.)---34 papers about feeding ecology and other aspects of Haematopus ostralegus, listed separately in this ROL issue.---R.G.B.

{B110} Blomqvist, D., et al. 1997. Male aerial display and reversed sexual size dimorphism in the Dunlin. Anim. Behav. 54: 1291--1299. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Göteborg, Medicinaregatan 18, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden.)---Calidris alpina.

{B110} Brugière, D. 1996. [The Fieldfare Turdus pilaris in the plains of central France.] Alauda 64: 274. (39 rue Sidi-Brahim, F--03200 Vicht, France.) (French.)

{B110} Brugière, D. 1996. [TheTufted Duck Aythya fuligula in the Massif Central (France).] Alauda 64: 273--274. (39 rue Sidi-Brahim, F--03200 Vichy, France.) (French.)

{B110} Bureö, S, & V. Pavel. 1997. The effect of nestling condition on risk-taking in Meadow Pipits. Anim. Behav. 54: 1531--1534. (Lab. Ornithol., Palacky Univ., tr. Svobody 26, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.)---Anthus pratensis females returned to brood chicks sooner after a simulated predator attack when their body temperature was low.---A.K.T.

{B110} Calvario, E., & S. Sarrocco. 1996. [The Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus in "Lago di Vico" Nature Reserve (Central Italy).] Alula 3: 87--100. (SROPU c/o Oasi WWF "Bosco di Palo", Via Palo laziale 2, 00055 Ladispoli (Roma), Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{B110} Cauli, F., & W. Ceccarelli. 1996. [Notes on ecology of the Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus in an area of Central Italy.] Alula 3: 111--117. (SROPU c/o Oasi WWF "Bosco di Palo", Via Palo laziale 2, 00055 Ladispoli (Roma), Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{B110} Choudhury, S., J. M. Black, & M. Owen. 1996. Body size, fitness and compatibility in Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis. Ibis 138: 700--709. (Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire GL2 7BT, UK.)---Large individuals of both sexes have a higher probability of breeding successfully.---J.V.B.

{B110} Clouet, M. 1996. [Variation in the breeding biology of tits with altitude in the Pyrenees.] Alauda 64: 159--164. (AROMP, Mus. Hist. Nat., 35 allées Jules Guesde, F--31000 Toulouse, France.)---Parus ater and Parus caeruleus. (French, Engl. summ.)

{B110} de Bruijn, O. 1994. Population ecology and conservation of the Barn Owl Tyto alba in farmland habitats in Liemers and Achterhoek (The Netherlands). Ardea 82: 1--109. (Morshoek 39, 7552 PE Hengelo, Netherlands.)---Trends in population and demography in relation to food supply, winter weather, nest site availability and changes in rural landscape.---R.G.B.

{B110} Del Marmol, P. 1995. [Interpretation of Belgian ringing data for the genus Corvus.] Gerfaut 85: 99--127. (Montaigle, B-5522 Falaen, Belgium.)---Corvus monedula, Corvus frugilegus, Corvus corone corone, Corvus corone cornix, Corvus corax. (French, English summary.)---J.I.

{B110} Dias, P. C., & J. Blondel. 1996. Breeding time, food supply and fitness components of Blue Tits Parus caeruleus in Mediterranean habitats. Ibis 138: 644--649. (Ctr. Natl. de la Recherche Scientifique, CEFE, BP 5051, F--34033 Montpellier Cedex 1, France.)

{B110} Dougall, T. W. 1996. Movement and mortality of British-ringed Skylarks Alauda arvensis. Ringing Migr. 17: 81--92. (62 Leamington Terr., Edinburgh EH10 4JL, UK.)---Analyses 201 recoveries.---P.C.L.

{B110} Flore, B.-O., & O. Hueppop. 1997. [Numbers, migration and origin of Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo at a wintering site on the island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea).] J. Ornithol. 138: 253--270. (Inst. f. Vogelforschung "Vogelwarte Helgoland", Postfach 1220, D--27494 Helgoland, Germany.)---Increased 47% per year from 1984-9; earlier arrival may be result of increasing competition in the Skagerrak and Kattegat. (German, English summ.)---P.H.B.

{B110} Garoche, J., A. Sohier, & E. Le Grall. 1997. [On the breeding biology of the Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus in Brittany.] Alauda 65: 151--154. (Chemin des Mouchets, Le Prétanné, F--22400 Morieux, France.)---Third "normal" brood. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B110} Górski, W., & B. Kotlarz. 1997. Changes and breeding ecology in an urban population of the Magpie Pica pica in Slupsk, NW Poland. Acta Ornith. 32: 61--67. (Dept. Zool., Ped. Univ., Arciszewskiego 22b, 76--200 Slupsk, Poland.)---Population increased 9.8% per year, winter mortality 12.2%.---J.P.

{B110} Halupka, L. 1996. Breeding ecology of the Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) in Biebrza marshes (NE Poland). Ornis Hungarica 6: 9--14. (Dept. Avian Ecol., Univ. Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wroclaw, Poland.)---Population density, clutch size and breeding success.---T.S.

{B110} Heiniger, P. H. 1991. [Adaptations of the Snow Finch Montifringilla nivalis to its cold-dominated Alpine environment.] Ornithol. Beob. 88:193--207. (Rothpletzstr. 1, CH--5000 Aarau, Switzerland.)---Habitat utilization, roosting and foraging sites. (German, Engl. summ.)---M.G.

{B110} Holden, T., & J. Young. 1997. Blackgame, Pheasant and Partridge feeding and roosting in a cornstack with passerines. Scott. Bird News 46: 10. [No address given.]---Tetrao tetrix, Phasianus colchicus, Perdix perdix, cold winter.---P.J.C.

{B110} Kapanen, M. 1997. Finnish Birds 5. Broad-billed Sandpiper. Alula 3: 54--55. (c/o Alula, P.O. Box 85, FIN--02271 Espoo, Finland.)---General paper on Limicola falcinellus in Finland.---E.H.

{B110} Kersten, M. 1996. Time and energy budgets of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus occupying territories of different quality. Ardea 84 A: 291--310. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Low quality leapfrog territories require higher level of parental effort for successful reproduction than high quality resident territories.---R.G.B.

{B110} Kortlandt, A. 1995. Patterns of pair-formation and nest-building in the European Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. Ardea 83 (1): 11--25. (88 Woodstock Rd., Oxford OX2 7ND, UK.)---Sex-specific ontogeny and seasonal patterns of nesting behavior.---R.G.B.

{B110} Kullberg, C. 1998. Does diurnal variation in body mass affect take-off ability in wintering Willow Tits? Anim. Behav. 56: 227--233. (Dept. Zool., Stockholm Univ., S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.)---Not in Parus montanus.---A.K.T.

{B110} Lahti, K. 1997. Social status and survival strategies in the Willow Tit Parus montanus. Ph.D. dissert., Univ. Oulu. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Oulu, PO Box 333, FIN--90571, Oulu, Finland.)---Behaviors which influence individual survival, notable social dominance, food hoarding and length of daily active period.---L.B.

{B110} Leconte, M., & J. Som. 1996. [Breeding biology of the Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus in the western Pyrenees.] Alauda 64: 135--148. (Univ. Bordeaux 1, Ctr. Ecol. Montagnarde de Gabas, F--64440 Laruns, France.)---Reestablishment of breeding population and summary of breeding parameters from 777 clutches. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B110} Michard, D., et al. [Biology and behavior of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia revealed by an electronic system.] Alauda 65: 53--58. (C.N.R.S., 23 rue Becquerel, F--67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.) (French, Engl. summ.)

{B110} Moller, A. P. 1992. Parasites differentially increase the degree of fluctuating asymmetry in secondary sexual characters. J. Evol. Biol. 5: 691--699. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Degree of asymmetry in secondary sexual bilateral characters in Hirundo rustica was correlated with mite load in nest during previous year.

{B110} Møller, A. P., & J. T. Nielsen. 1997. Differential predation cost of a secondary sexual character: Sparrowhawk predation on Barn Swallows. Anim. Behav. 54: 1545--1551. (Lab. d’Écol., CNRS URA 258, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Bat A, 7 quai St. bernard, Case 237, F7-75252 Paris Cedex, France.)---In breeding season, male Hirundo rustica captured by Accipiter nisus had shorter, more asymmetric tails than survivors.---A.K.T.

{B110} Monoghan, P., et al. 1994. Effects of prey abundance on the foraging behaviour, diving efficiency and time allocation of breeding Guillemots Uria aalge. Ibis 136: 214--222. (Appl. Ornithol. Unit, Dept. Zool., Univ. Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)

{B110} Nebel, D., A. Duquesne, & G. Juin. 1996. [Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos in Mont Vallier réserve (Ariège, France) 1987--1995.] Alauda 64: 179--186. (O.N.F., Réserve du Mont Vallier, Maison forestière no. 1, F--09140 Seix, France.)---Behavior at nest and breeding parameters. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B110} Peiro, I. G. 1995. Patterns of abundance, body-mass dynamics and habitat use of Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus in two reedbeds of south-eastern Spain. Ringing Migr. 16: 100--108. (c/ E1 Salvador, 17 4 D.03203 Elche (Alicante), Spain.)

{B110} Perrins, C. M., & R. H. McCleery. 1994. Competition and egg-weight in the Great Tit Parus major. Ibis 136: 454--456. (Dept. Zool., Oxford Univ., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Egg weight inversely correlated with density of Parus caeruleus.---J.V.B.

{B110} Phillips, R. A., R. W. G. Caldow, & R. W. Furness. 1996. The influence of food availability on the breeding effort and reproductive success of Arctic Skuas Stercorarius parasiticus. Ibis 138: 410--419. (Appl. Ornithol. Unit, Zool. Dept., Glasgow Univ., Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)---In relation to availability of sandeels Ammodytes marinus.---J.V.B.

{B110} Rolando, A. 1996. Home range and habitat selection by the Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes during autumn in the Alps. Ibis 138: 384--390. (Dipt. di Biol. Anim., Univ. di Torino, via Accademia Albertina 17, I--10123 Torino, Italy.)

{B110} Ruusila, v., & h. Pöysö. 1998. Shared and unshared parental investment in the precocial Goldeneye (Aves: Anatidae). Anim. Behav. 55: 307--312. (Lab. Ecol. Anim. Syst., Dept. Biol., Univ. Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.)---Antipredator behaviour by female Bucephala clangula. was independent of, but intraspecific aggression increased with, brood size.---A.K.T.

{B110} Salvig, J. C. 1995. Migratory movements and mortality of Danish Avocets Recurvirostra avosetta. Ringing Migr. 16: 79--90. (Falstersgade 50, DK--8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.)---Analysis of 440 recoveries.---P.C.L.

{B110} Siikamäki, P. 1996. Nestling growth and mortality of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca in relation to weather and breeding effort. Ibis 138: 471--478. (Dept. Biol., Konnevesi Res. Stn., Univ. Jyväskylä, Box 35, FIN--40351 Jyväskylä, Finland.)---Mortality greatest during rainy weather and in enlarged clutches.---J.V.B.

{B110} Strebel, S. 1991. [Breeding biology and feeding ecology of a Swiss Jackdaw Corvus monedula colony.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 217--242. (Route du Pavy 19, CH--1768 Sugiez, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.)

{B110} Triplet, P., J. Durant, & S. Bacquet. 1997. [Breeding of the Lapwing Vanellus vanellus and agricultural practices.] Alauda 65: 121--130. (Réserve Nat. Baie de Somme (SMACOPI), 1 place Amiral Courbet, F--80100 Abbeville, France.)---Comparison of breeding sites, densities, and breeding success. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B110} Tsachalidis, E., & N. Papageorgiou. 1996. Distribution, status and breeding of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia in Greece. Avocetta 20: 101--106. (Dept. For. Drama, Lab. Ecol. Wildl. Manage., Technol. Educ. Inst. Kavala, 66100 Drama, Greece.)

{B110} Tyler, G. 1996. The ecology of the Corncrake with special reference to the effect of mowing on breeding production. Ph.D. dissert., Univ. College Cork. (Dept. Zool. & Anim. Ecol., Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland.)---Crex crex.

{B110} Tyler, G. A., et al. 1996. Sex differences in the behaviour and measurements of Corncrakes Crex crex in Scotland. Ringing Migr. 17: 15--19. (RSPB, 17 Regent Terrace, Edinburgh EH7 5BN, UK.)---Only females incubate and care for young, only males sing. Measurements separate 96% correctly.---P.C.L.

{B110} Uttley, J. D., et al. 1994. The effects of food abundance on breeding performance and adult time budgets of Guillemots Uria aalge. Ibis 136: 205--213. (Scottish Nat. Heritage, 2-4 Alexandra Bldg., Lerwick, Shetland ZE1 0LL, UK.)

{B110} Valle, R., M. Vettorel, & A. D'Este. 1995. Status and breeding biology of the Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) along the northern Adriatic coastline (Italy). Gerfaut 85: 37--40. (Castello 618/E, I-30122 Venezia, Italy.)

{B110} van Eerden, M. R., K. Koffijberg, & M. Platteeuw, Eds. 1995. Riding the crest of the wave. Ardea 83: (1). (Netherlands Ornithol. Union, c/o T. Boudewijn, Akelei 42, 4102 JM Culemborg, Netherlands.)---32 papers dealing with Phalacrocorax carbo biology in Europe, listed separately in this ROL issue.---R.G.B.

{B110} Veistola, S., E. Lehikoinen, & L. Iso%Iivari. 1995. Breeding biology of the Great Tit Parus major in a marginal population in northernmost Finland. Ardea 83: 419--420. (Lab. Ecol. Zool., Dept. Biol., Univ. Turku, FIN--20500, Finland.)

{B110} Wright, P. M. 1997. Distribution, site occupancy and breeding success of the Merlin Falco columbarius on Barbon Moor and Fell, North Yorkshire. Bird Study 44: 182--193. (32 Tarn Moor Cres., Skipton, North Yorks., BD23 1LT, UK.)---Mean density equivalent to 12 pairs/100 km² with 3.4 young/successful pair and 85% nests producing at least one fledgling.---D.W.

{B110} Zwarts, L., et al. 1996. Seasonal and annual variation in body weight, nutrient stores and mortality of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus. Ardea 84 A: 327--356. (Rijkswaterstaat IJsselmeergebied, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Winter mortality similar between sexes, except during cold spells when more males leave Dutch Wadden Sea and are killed by French hunters.---R.G.B.

{B112} García, G. A. 1992. [Observations conducted on some birds of the Biosphere Reserve "Cuchillas del Toa" (Guantanomo-Holguin), Cuba.] El Pitirre 5(2): 2--4. (Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., A.P. No. 20, San Antonio de los Baños, La Habana 2, Cuba.)---(Spanish.)

{B112} Seavy, N. E., et al. 1998. Breeding biology and behavior of the Plumbeous Kite. Wilson Bull. 110: 77--85. (D. F. Whitacre: Peregrine Fund, 566 W. Flying Hawk Ln., Boise, ID 83709, USA; EM: dwhitacre@peregrinefund.org)---Ictinia plumbea.

{B114} Nastase, A. J., & D. A. Sherry. 1997. Effect of brood mixing on location and survivorship of juvenile Canada Geese. Anim. Behav. 54: 503--507. (114 Weyandt Hall, Indiana Univ. Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA.)---Mixed broods of Branta canadensis improved survivorship of goslings.---A.K.T.

{B116} Ashkenazi, S., & Y. Yom-Tov. 1997. The breeding biology of the Black-crowned Night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and the Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) at the Huleh Nature Reserve, Israel. J. Zool. 242: 623--641. (Ecol. & Nat. Conserv., PO Box 1057, Rosh Pina 12100, Israel.)---Detailed study in a mixed species breeding colony.---J.V.B.

{B116} Chabi, Y., & P. Isenmann. 1997. [Breeding biology of the North African Blue Tit Parus caeruleus ultramarinus in Cork-Oak Quercus suber forests at three different altitudes.] Alauda 65: 13--18. (Dept. Biol. Anim., Inst. Sci. de la Vie, Univ. Annaba, B.P. 12, DZ--Annaba, Algeria.)---Breeding parameters and comparison with other Mediterranean areas. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B116} Erez, A., & Y. Yom-Tov. 1995. Reproduction of a Hooded Crow Corvus corone population in Israel. Ardea 83: 405--409. (Zool. Dept., Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.)

{B116} Launay, R., R. A. Loughland & E. Mukhina. 1997. Preliminary observations of the incubation and covey behaviour of Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 51--55. (N.A.R.C., P. O. Box 45553, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.)---In Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.---P.J.C.

{B116} Newton, S. F., & A. V. Newton. 1996. Breeding biology and seasonal abundance of Lappet-faced Vultures Torgos tracheliotus in western Saudi Arabia. Ibis 138: 675--683. (Natl. Comm. Wildl. Conserv. & Development, NWRC, PO Box 1086, Taif, Saudi Arabia.)

{B118} Belthoff, J. R., & A. M. Dufty, Jr. 1998. Corticosterone, body condition and locomotor activity: a model for dispersal in Screech-owls. Anim. Behav. 55: 405--415. (Dept. Biol., Boise State Univ., Boise, ID 83725, U.S.A.)---Captive juvenile Otus asio, Otus kennicottii.---A.K.T.

{B118} Bruggink, J. G., et al. 1994. Nesting and brood-rearing ecology of Mississippi Valley population Canada Geese. Wildl. Monogr. 126: 1--39. (Dept. Biol., North. Michigan Univ., Marquette, MI 49855, USA.)---Branta canadensis interior.

{B118} Doyle, T. J. 1997. Timberline Sparrow, Spizella (breweri) taverneri, in Alaska, with notes on breeding habitat and vocalizations. West. Birds 28: 1--12. (Tetlin NWR, P.O. Box 779, Tok, AK 99780, USA.)---Extends known breeding range 100 km to the northwest. Useful notes on field identification.---K.C.M.

{B118} Gray, D. A. 1996. Carotenoids and sexual dichromatism in North American passerine birds. Am. Nat. 148: 453--480. (Dept. Biol., 167 Castetter Hall, Univ. New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; EM: nodster@carina.unm.edu)---Sexual dichromatism and carotenoid-derived plumage coloration analyzed by phylogenetic statistical methods; correlations significant in Passerines as a whole and 3 of 5 passerine sub-clades. Sexual selection may have promoted expression of a condition-dependent honest indicator of phenotypic quality.---J.R.F.

{B118} Lanctot, R. B., et al. 1998. Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis. Anim. Behav. 56: 419--432. (US Geol. Surv., Biol. Res. Div., Alaska Biol. Sci. Ctr., 1011 E. Tudor Rd., Anchorage AK 99503, USA.)

{B118} Leary, A. W., R. Mazaika, & M. J. Bechard. 1998. Factors affecting the size of Ferruginous Hawk home ranges. Wilson Bull. 110: 198--205. (Missouri Natl. Guard, NGMO-EMN, 2302 Militia Dr., Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA; EM: LearyA@mo-arng.ngb.army.mil)---Buteo regalis range size was not related to brood size; however, distance from nest site to nearest hunting area was significant. Most males had distinct core areas around nest and in hunting area.---J.J.Dos.

{B118} Linville, S. U., R. Breitwisch, & A. J. Schilling. 1998. Plumage brightness as an indicator of parental care in Northern Cardinals. Anim. Behav. 55: 119--127. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2320, U.S.A.)---Cardinalis cardinalis.

{B118} Mabb, K. T. 1997. Nesting behavior of Amazona parrots and Rose-ringed Parakeets in the San Gabriel Valley, California. West. Birds 28: 209--217. (6213 N. Cloverly Ave., Temple City, CA 91780, USA.)---Nest-site characteristics and productivity of Amazona viridigenalis, Amazona finschi, and Psittacula krameri in a suburban neighborhood.---K.C.M.

{B118} Meek, S. B., & R. J. Robertson. 1994. Effects of male removal on the behaviour and reproductive success of female Eastern Bluebirds Sialia sialis. Ibis 136: 305--312. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Can.)---Females unable to raise any young to fledging early in the season without male help.---J.V.B.

{B118} Muller, K. L., et al. 1997. The effects of conspecific attraction and habitat quality on habitat selection in territorial birds (Troglodytes aedon). Am. Nat. 150: 650--661. (Dept. Biol., Denison Univ., Granville, OH 43023, USA; EM: muller@denison.edu)---First empirical evidence that birds prefer to settle near conspecifics.---J.R.F.

{B118} Pravosudov, V. V., & T. C. Grubb, Jr. 1998. Management of fat reserves in Tufted Titmice, Baeolophus bicolor, in relation to risk of predation. Anim. Behav. 56: 59--64. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Purdue Univ., West Lafeyette, IN 47907, USA.)

{B118} Ramstack, J. M., M. T. Murphy, & M. R. Palmer. 1998. Comparative reproductive biology of three species of swallows in a common environment. Wilson Bull. 110: 233--243. (MTM: Dept. Biol., Hartwick Coll., Oneonta, NY 13820, USA; EM: murphym@hartwick.edu)---Clutch size, number of broods per year, and patterns of nestling growth varied among Tachycineta bicolor, Hirundo rustica, and Petrochelidon pyrrhonota.---J.J.Dos.

{B118} Richardson, C. T., & C. K. Miller. 1997. Recommendations for protecting raptors from human disturbance: a review. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 634--638. (Dept. EPO Biol., Univ. Colorado, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA.).---More studies that experimentally document disturbance distances for use in buffer zone recommendations are needed; Accipiter spp., Aquila chrysaetos, Buteo spp., Falco spp., Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Pandion haliaetus.---W.P.J.

{B118} Robertson, G. J., et al. 1998. Moult speed predicts pairing success in male Harlequin Ducks. Anim. Behav. 55: 1677--1684. (ACWERN, PO Box 45111, Univ. New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Can.)---Histrionicus histrionicus.

{B118} Rodway, M. S., et al. 1998. Discovery of a Harlequin Duck nest in eastern North America. Wilson Bull. 110: 282--285. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Can.; EM: msrodway@sfu.ca)---Breeding phenology, nest-site description, and brood amalgamation of Histrionicus histrionicus; 1^st confirmed nesting in Labrador.---J.J.Dos.

{B118} Schoech, S. J. 1998. Physiology of helping in Florida Scrub-Jays. Am. Sci. 86: 70--77. (Dept. Biol., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.)---Prolactin may play a role in cooperative breeding behavior of Aphelocoma coerulescens.---V.M.D.

{B118} Thompson, C. W., et al. 1997. High parasite load in House Finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) is correlated with reduced expression of a sexually selected trait. Am. Nat. 149: 270--294. (Dept. Zool., Box 351800, Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.)---Long-term monitoring (via mark-recapture) shows mite and pox infections during molt reduce bright male plumage, supporting good genes models.---J.R.F.

{B118} Wilson, R. R., & R. J. Cooper. 1998. Breeding biology of Acadian Flycatchers in a bottomland hardwood forest. Wilson Bull. 110: 226--232. (USGS, Patuxent Wildl. Res. Ctr., 2524 S. Frontage Rd., Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA; EM: Randy_Wilson@usgs.gov)---Predation and Molothrus ater parasitism (21% of nests) accounted for 75% and 7% of Empidonax virescens nest failures respectively.---J.J.Dos.

{B118} Wortman-Wunder, E. 1997. Territory size in Lincoln's Sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii). Southwest. Nat. 42: 446--453. (1804 W. LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.)---Peripheral territories in Colorado averaged 4,800 m², central territories 2,300 m².---J.J.D.

{B120} Eguchi, K., & M. Takeishi. 1997. The ecology of the Black-billed Magpie Pica pica sericea in Japan. Acta Ornith. 32: 33--37. (Dept. Biol., Fac. Sci., Kyushi Univ. 33, Fukuoka 812--81, Japan.)---Nest sites, nesting success, and breeding phenology.---J.P.

{B120} Lambeck, R. H. D., et al. 1995. Biometrics and migration of Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) from the White Sea region (NW Russia). Ringing Migr.16: 140--158. (Netherlands Inst. Ecol., Vierstr. 28, 4401 EA Yerseka, Netherlands.)

{B120} Tomkovich, P. S., & M. Y. Soloviev. 1996. Distribution, migration and biometrics of Knots Calidris canutus on Taymir, Siberia. Ardea 84: 85--98. (Zool. Mus., Moscow State Univ., Bolshaya Nikitskaya St. 6, 103009 Moscow, Russia.)---Apart from Taymir Peninsula, another as yet unknown breeding area of remains to be discovered.---R.G.B.

{B128} Kemp, A. C., & A. Vidhidharm. 1998. Breeding of the White-rumped Pygmy Falcon. Wilson Bull. 110: 71--76. (Dept. Birds, Transvaal Mus., P.O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa; EM: kemp@tm.up.ac.za)---Observations of Polihierax insignis in Thailand: foraging, diet, breeding behavior, and nest with eggs in woodpecker hole.---J.J.Dos.

{B130 Ortiz-Pulido, R., E. Flores C. y R. Ortiz. 1998. Descripción del nido de Doricha eliza y ampliación de su rango. [Nest and range extension for the Mexican Sheartail.] Ornitología Neotropical 9(1): (Departamento de Ecologia Vegetal, Instituto de Ecologia, AC, AP 63, 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. EM: ortizrau@sun.ieco.conacyt.mx.)---Central Veracruz, Mexico. First nest record.---R.O.P.

{B130} Naranjo, L. C. 1995. Patrones de reproducción en dos poblaciones aisladas de Agelaius icterocephalus (Aves: Icteridae). [Reproductive patterns in two isolated populations of blackbirds.] Caldasia 18(86): 89--100. (Depto. Biología, Univ. del Valle, A. A. 25360, Cali, Colombia.)---A. i. bogotrense nests and forages in its territory, while A. i. icterocephalus forages outside and builds smaller nests.---C.G.S.

{B130} Willis, E. 1992. Comportamento e ecologia do Arapacu-Barrado Dendrocolaptes certhia (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae). [Behavior and ecology of the Barred Woodcreeper.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8: 151--216. (Depto. Zool., Univ. Estadual de Sao Paulo -UNESP-, C.P. 178, CEP 13.500 Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brasil.)---Foraging and sexual behavior.---C.G.S.

{B130} Wilson, R. P., et al. 1995. Aspects of the ecology of species replacement in Humboldt and Magellanic penguins in Chile. Gerfaut 85: 49--61. Inst. Meereskunde, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105, Germany.)---Spheniscus humboldti, Spheniscus magellanicus.

{B300} Atienza, J. C., & J. C. Illera. 1997. Tree species selection to perform singing and foraging behaviour by Great and Blue Tits: a trade-off between food gathering and territorial behaviour? Bird Study 44: 117--119. (Dept. Biol. Animal 1 (Entomol.), Fac. Biol., Univ. Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.)---Parus major, Parus caeruleus.

{B300} Barbosa, A. 1997. The effects of predation risk on scanning and flocking behavior in Dunlin. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 607--612. (Lab. Ecol., Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai St., Bernard, Case 237. F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.)---In Calidris alpina, mean flock size, time spent scanning, and mean scan duration appear to be higher in rice fields than in littoral habitats, high-risk and low-risk situations, respectively.---R.A.I.

{B300} Buckley, N. J. 1998. Interspecific competition between vultures for preferred roost positions. Wilson Bull. 110: 122--125. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; EM: nbuckley@zoo.uvm.edu)---Corogyps atratus, Cathartes aura.

{B300} Davis, E. S. 1997. The Down-Up display of the Mallard: one display, two orientations. Anim. Behav. 53: 1025--1034. (B142 Birge Hall, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.)---Anas platyrhynchos.

{B300} Fiske, P., & T. Amundsen. 1997. Female Bluethroats prefer males with symmetric colour bands. Anim. Behav. 54: 81--87. (Dept. Zool., Norwegian Univ. Sci. & Technol., N-7055 Dragvoll, Norway.)---Luscinia s. svecica.

{B300} Gill, S. A., D. L. Neudorf, & S. G. Sealy*. 1997. Host responses to Cowbirds near the nest: cues for recognition. Anim. Behav. 53: 1287--1293. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Can.)---Female Dendroica petechia appear to recognise Molothrus ater by bill shape and vocalizations.---A.K.T.

{B300} Grønstøl, G. B. 1996. Aerobatic components in the song-flight display of male Lapwings Vanellus vanellus as cues in female choice. Ardea 84: 45--55. (Dept. Ecol., Inst. Zool., Univ. Bergen, Allégt. 41, N--5007 Bergen, Norway.)---Relatively larger wing area in males than in females may be selective response to female mate choice favoring manoeuverability.---R.G.B.

{B300} Johnsen, A., J. T. Lifjeld, & P. A. Rohde. 1997. Coloured leg bands affect male mate-guarding behaviour in the Bluethroat. Anim. Behav. 54: 121--130. (Dept. Zool., Norwegian Univ. Sci. & Technol., N-7055 Dragvoll, Norway.)---Free-living male Luscinia s. svecica with ornamental bands guarded mates less and sang more than controls with non-ornamental bands.---A.K.T.

{B300} Møller, A. P. 1996. The cost of secondary sexual characters and the evolution of cost-reducing traits. Ibis 138: 112--119. (Dept. Popul. Biol., Copenhagen Univ., Universitetsparken 15, DK--2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.)---Cost-reducing traits may coevolve with secondary sexual characters and allow more extreme sexual signaling.---J.V.B.

{B300} Moraes, V., & R. Kirul. 1995. Aspectos do comportamento do Frango-D'Agua-Comum, Gallinula chloropus (Lichtenstein) 1818 (Aves, Rallidae). [Notes on the behavior of the Common Moorhen]. Acta Biol. Leopoldensia 17: 161--166. (Centro do Estudos do Mar, Univ. Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, 83, 255-000, Pantanal do Sul, Paraná., Brazil).

{B300} Prins G. T., & R. M. Purvis. 1996. [Remarkable behaviour of a Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus.] Limosa 69: 23. (Inst. Syst. Pop. Biol., P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{B300} Rehsteiner, U., H. Geisser, & H-U. Reyer. 1998. Singing and mating success in Water Pipits: one specific song element makes all the difference. Anim. Behav. 55: 1471--1481. (Zool. Inst., Univ. Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.)---Anthus spinoletta.

{B300} Rendell, W. B., & R. J. Robertson. 1994. Defense of extra nest-sites by a cavity nesting bird, the Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor. Ardea 82: 273--285. (Dept. Biol., Queen’s Univ., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Can.)---Males exhibit resource defense polygyny, females defend extra nest-sites probably to prevent or delay settlement by other females.---R.G.B.

{B300} Ruiz-Martinez, I., J. A. Hodar, & I. Camacho. 1996. [Home range and vocalizations of the Eagle Owl Bubo bubo in the Sierra Morena (south Spain).] Alauda 64: 345--353. (Fac. Cienc. Exp., Univ. de Jaén, E--23071 Jaén, Spain.)---Detailed description of 16 home ranges. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B300} Sebbel, P., H. Düttmann, & T. Groothuis. 1998. Influence of comfort and social stimuli on a comfort movement and a display derived from it. Anim. Behav. 55: 129--137. (Inst. f. Molekularbiol. & Biophysik, ETH Hönggerberg, HPM E 13, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.)---Body shakes and whistle-shake displays of male Tadorna tadorna.---A.K.T.

{B300} Slabbekoorn, H., & C. ten Cate. 1997. Stronger territorial responses to frequency modulated coos in Collared Doves. Anim. Behav. 54: 955--965. (Sect. Ethol., Inst. Evol. Ecol. Sci., Leiden Univ., PO Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.)---Streptopelia decaocto.

{B300} Vallet, E., I. Beme, & M. Kreutzer. 1998. Two-note syllables in canary songs elicit high levels of sexual display. Anim. Behav. 55: 291--297. (Lab. Psychol. Ethol., URA CNRS 2214, Univ. Paris X-Nanterre, 92001 Nanterre Cedex, France.)---Serinus canaria.

{B300} Welling, P. 1997. Sexual behaviour, mate guarding and the dawn chorus in the Willow Tit Parus montanus. Ph.D. dissert., Univ. Oulu. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Oulu, PO Box 333, FIN--90571, Oulu, Finland.)

{B302} Cuadrado, M. 1995. Female-like plumage does not reduce aggression from adult male Black Redstarts Phoenicurus ochrurus [sic] in winter. Ardea 83: 431--434. (Dept. Anim. Ecol., Ecol. Bldg., Univ. Lund, S--223 62, Lund, Sweden.)---Phoenicurus ochruros.

{B302} Donkers, H. 1992. [Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus attacks Hobby Falco subbuteo.] Limosa 65: 172. (Sophiastraat 22, 4701 GT Roosendaal, Netherlands.)

{B302} Elfström, S. T. 1997. Fighting behaviour and strategy of Rock Pipit, Anthus petrosus, neighbours: cooperative defence. Anim. Behav. 54: 535--542. (Herbarium GB, Göteborg Univ., Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, S-413 19 Göteborg, Sweden.)---Neighbours cooperated to evict intruders on each other's territories.---A.K.T.

{B302} Höglund, J., T. Johansson, & C. Pelabon. 1997. Behaviourally mediated sexual selection: characteristics of successful male Black Grouse. Anim. Behav. 54: 255--264. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavögen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Sexually successful male Tetrao tetrix were more often involved in fights and defended larger than expected territories.---A.K.T.

{B302} Liker, A., & T. Székely. 1997. Aggression among female lapwings, Vanellus vanellus. Anim. Behav. 54: 797--802. (Zool. Ctr., Univ. Vet. Sci., PO Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary.)---Females attacked female conspecific dummies more than male dummies.---A.K.T.

{B302} Weston, M. A. 1998. An observation of aggression between a Hooded Plover and a Black-fronted Dotterel. Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 301--302. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia.)---Thinornis rubricollis chased Elseyornis melanops away from nest site.---I.D.E.

{B304} Bednekoff, P. A., & R. P. Balda. 1997. Clark's Nutcracker spatial memory: many errors might not be due to forgetting. Anim. Behav. 54: 691--698. (Dept. Biol., Eastern Michigan Univ., Ypsilanti, MI 48917, USA.)---In Nucifraga columbiana errors may be environmental sampling.---A.K.T.

{B304} Nelson, D. A. 1998. External validity and experimental design: the sensitive phase for song learning. Anim. Behav. 56: 487--491. (Borror Lab. Bioacoustics, Dept. Zool., 1735 Neil Ave., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA.)---Disputes results of previous experiments about duration of sensitive phase for song learning in Zonotrichia leucophrys with live and tape tutors.---A.K.T.

{B304} Nelson, D. A., et al. 1997. The timing of song memorization differs in males and females: a new assay for avian vocal learning. Anim. Behav. 54: 587--597. (Dept. Zool., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA.)---After Zonotrichia leucophrys were tutored with conspecific songs, call notes given in response to playback of tutor were compared with novel songs.---A.K.T.

{B304} Templeton, J. J. 1998. Learning from others’ mistakes: a paradox revisited. Anim. Behav. 55: 79--85. (Dept. Biol., Bowdoin Coll., Brunswick, MA 04011, U.S.A.)---In Sturnus vulgaris, learning more effective when foraging companion made incorrect foraging decisions.---A.K.T.

{B306} Bethge, P., et al. 1997. Diving behaviour and energetics in breeding Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor). J. Zool. 242: 483--502. (Dept. Anat. & Physiol., Univ. Tasmania, GPO Box 252-24, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.)---Based on energetic costs of various diving behaviors, yearly food requirements calculated to total 114 kg.---J.V.B.

{B306} Lea, S. E. G., et al. 1996. Diving patterns in shags and cormorants (Phalacrocorax): tests of an optimal breathing model. Ibis 138: 391--398. (Dept. Psychol., Univ. Exeter, Washington Singer Lab., Exeter EX4 4QG, UK.)---Comparative study between Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Phalacrocorax melanoleucos, Phalacrocorax carbo and Phalacrocorax varius.---J.V.B.

{B306} Walton, P., G. D. Ruxton,* & P. Monaghan. 1998. Avian diving, respiratory physiology and the marginal value theorem. Anim. Behav. 56: 165--174. (Div. Environ. & Evol. Biol., Graham Kerr Bdg, Univ. Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)---Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Cepphus grylle, Uria aalge.

{B306} Weimerskirch, H., & P. M. Sagar. 1996. Diving depths of Sooty Shearwaters Puffinus griseus. Ibis 138: 786--788. (C.E.B.C.-C.N.R.S., 79360 Beauvoir, France.)

{B306} Wilson, R. P., & M. P. Wilson. 1995. Buoyancy and depth utilisation in foraging Cormorants: wet feathers and that sinking feeling. Gerfaut 85: 41--47. (Inst. Meereskunde, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105, Germany.)---Phalacrocorax carbo, Phalacrocorax neglectus, Phalacrocorax capensis, Phalacrocorax coronatus.---J.I.

{B308} Barbosa, A. 1996. Relationship between bill morphology and preening behaviour in waders. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 8: 291--296. (Dept. Ecol. Evol., Mus. Cienc. Nat., CSIC, c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.)---Bill length, but not width, depth or curvature, related to time spent preening.---A.S.

{B308} Hinsley, S. A., & P. N. Ferns. 1994. Time and energy budgets of breeding males and females in sandgrouse Pterocles species. Ibis 136: 261--270. (Sch. Pure & Appl. Biol., Univ. Wales, PO Box 915, Cardiff CF1 3TL, UK.)

{B308} Huber-Eicher, B., & B. Wechsler. 1997. Feather pecking in chicks: its relation to dustbathing and foraging. Anim. Behav. 54: 757--768. (Abt. Sozial-& Nutztierethol., Zool. Inst., Univ. Bern, Wohlenstr. 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland.)---Gallus domesticus.

{B308} Huber-Eicher, B., & Wechsler, B. 1998. The effect of quality and availability of foraging materials on feather pecking in laying hen chicks. Anim. Behav. 55: 861--873. (Abt. Sozial-& Nutztierethologie, Zool. Inst., Univ. Bern, Ethologische Stn. Hasli, Wohlenstr. 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland.)---Feather pecking in Gallus domesticus appears to be redirected foraging behaviour.---A.K.T.

{B308} Mabb, K. T. 1997. Roosting behavior of naturalized parrots in the San Gabriel Valley, California. West. Birds 28: 202--208. (6213 N. Cloverly Ave., Temple City, CA 91780, USA.)---Amazona viridigenalis, Amazona finschi, Psittacula krameri, Aratinga mitrata, Aratinga erythrogenys.

{B308} Nuijen, H. 1992. [Long-eared Owls Asio otus taking a sandbath.] Limosa 65: 125. (van Hogendorplaan 10, 1215 EH Hilversum, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{B308} Reymond, A., & O. Zuchuat. 1995. Perch fidelity of Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo outside the breeding season. Ardea 83 (1): 281--284. (Swiss Inst. Exp. Cancer Res., CH--1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.)---Perch fidelity increases with age of Cormorant, and is not correlated with duration of stay.---R.G.B.

{B308} Sellers, R. M. 1995. Wing-spread behaviour of the Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo. Ardea 83 (1): 27--36. (Rose Cottage, Ragnall Ln., Walkley Wood, Nailsworth, Glos. GL6 0RU, UK.)---Dries the wings and ultimately conserves metabolic energy.---R.G.B.

{B308} Wenny, D. 1998. Three-striped Warbler (Basileuterus tristriatus) "anting" with a caterpillar. Wilson Bull. 110: 128--131. (223 Bartram Hall, Dept. Zool., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; EM: danwenny@zoo.ufl.edu)

{B310} Cardoso, M. Z. 1997. Testing chemical defence based on pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Anim. Behav. 54: 985--991. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1064, USA.)---Monocrotaline was unpalatable to Pileated Finch, Coryphospingus pileatus.---A.K.T.

{B310} Dawkins, M. S., & A. Woodington. 1997. Distance and the presentation of visual stimuli in birds. Anim. Behav. 54: 1019--1025. (Dept. Zool., S. Pks. Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Discrimination by Gallus domesticus with real objects and photographs was better close up.

{B310} Fotheringham, J. R., P. R. Martin, & L. Ratcliffe*. 1997. Song transmission and auditory perception of distance in wood warblers. Anim. Behav. 53: 1271--1285. (Dept. Biol., Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Can.)---Dendroica petechia, Geothlypis trichas, Seiurus aurocapillus, Setophaga ruticilla responded more intensely to playback of undegraded than of degraded songs.---A.K.T.

{B310} Hunt, S., et al. 1997. Ultraviolet vision and band-colour preferences in female Zebra Finches, Taeniopygia guttata. Anim. Behav. 54: 1383--1392. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.)---Females did not show a colour preference in the absence of UV light.---A.K.T.

{B310} Koivula, M., E. Korpimöki, & J. Viitala. 1997. Do Tengmalm’s Owls see vole scent marks visible in ultraviolet light? Anim. Behav. 54: 873--877. (Lab. Ecol. Zool., Dept. Biol., Univ. Turku, FIN-00214 Turku Finland.)---In the laboratory, Aegolius funereus did not prefer to hunt in areas marked with vole urine and faeces in UV light.---A.K.T.

{B310} Marples, N. M., & Roper, T. J. 1997. Response of domestic chicks to methyl anthranilate odour. Anim. Behav. 53: 1263--1270. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Dublin, Trinity Coll., Dublin 2, Ireland.)---As this odour influences learning, denatonium benzoate is suggested as an odourless alternative for use as a punishing stimulus in passive-avoidance learning studies.---A.K.T.

{B310} Naguib, M., & D. Todt. 1997. Effects of dyadic vocal interactions on other conspecific receivers in Nightingales. Anim. Behav. 54: 1535--1543. (Inst. Verhaltensbiol., Freie Univ. Berlin, 12163 Berlin, Germany.)---Luscinia megarhynchos.

{B310} Nelson, B. S., & P. K. Stoddard*. 1998. Accuracy of auditory distance and azimuth perception by a passerine bird in natural habitat. Anim. Behav. 56: 467--477. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Florida Int. Univ., Miami, FL 33199, USA.)---Pipilo erythrophthalmus.

{B310} Patterson-Kane, E., et al. 1997. Limited perception of video images by domestic hens. Anim. Behav. 53: 951--963. (T. M. Foster, Dept. Psychol., Univ. Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand.)---Gallus domesticus.

{B310} Roper, T. J., & N. M. Marples. 1997. Odour and colour as cues for taste-avoidance learning in domestic chicks. Anim. Behav. 53: 1241--1250. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.)---Almond odour enhanced taste-avoidance learning in Gallus domesticus and had a greater effect than colour.---A.K.T.

{B312} Applegate, F. D. 1998. Greater Prairie-chickens displaying in tree on lek. Wilson Bull. 110: 120--121. (Kansas Dept. Wildl. Parks, P.O. Box 1525, Emporia, KS 66801-1525, USA.)---Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus.

{B312} Baines, D. 1996. Seasonal variation in lek attendance and lekking behaviour by male Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix. Ibis 138: 177--180. (Upland Res. Group, Game Conserv. Trust, Crubenmore Lodge, Newtonmore, Inverness-shire PH20 1BE, UK.)---Attends leks year-round, most often in April.---J.V.B.

{B312} Baltz, A. P., & A. B. Clark*. 1997. Extra-pair courtship behaviour of male budgerigars and the effect of an audience. Anim. Behav. 53: 1017--1024. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Binghamton Univ., Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.)---Male Melopsittacus undulatus were more likely to court other females when their mate could not see them.---A.K.T.

{B312} Belton, W. 1996. Copulatory stance of the Purple-throated Carib, Eulampis jugularis. El Pitirre 9(1): 3. (HCR 62, Box 162B, Great Cacapon, WV 25422-9734, USA.).

{B312} Bottazzo, M., & P. F. De Franceschi. 1996. [Characteristics of Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix leks in the Tarvisio forest (Oriental Alps).] Avocetta 20: 33--39. (Azienda Reg. Foreste, Via I. Nievo 2, 37128 Verona, Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{B312} Castro, I., et al. 1996. Polygynandry, face-to-face copulation and sperm competition in the Hihi Notiomystis cincta (Aves Meliphagidae). Ibis 138: 765--771. (Dept. Ecol., Massey Univ., PO Box 11-222, Palmerston North, NZ.)---Unique manner of copulation may be a form of forced copulation by males.---J.V.B.

{B312} Chandler, C. R., E. D. Ketterson, & V. Nolan, Jr. 1997. Effects of testosterone on use of space by male Dark-eyed Juncos when their mates are fertile. Anim. Behav. 54: 543--549. (Dept. Biol., Georgia Southern Univ., Statesboro, GA 30460-8042, USA.)---No effects in Junco hyemalis.---A.K.T.

{B312} Davis, L. S., et al. 1998. Reciprocal homosexual mounting in Adélie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae. Emu 98: 136--137. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.)---Discusses single observation of homosexual behaviour by 2 males.---W.K.S.

{B312} Delehanty, D. J., et al. 1998. Sex-role reversal and the absence of extra-pair fertilization in Wilson's Phalaropes. Anim. Behav. 55: 995--1002. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.)---Phalaropus tricolor.

{B312} Endler, J. A., & M. Théry. 1996. Interacting effects of lek placement, display behavior, ambient light, and color patterns in three Neotropical forest-dwelling birds. Am. Nat. 148: 421--452. (Dept. Zool., James Cook Univ., Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia; EM: John.Endler@JCU.edu.au)---Studies with Rupicola rupicola, Corapipo gutturalis, and Lepidothrix serena show each species places its lek and performs displays in only 1 or 2 of available light environments to maximize contrast during display but minimize contrast when not displaying.---J.R.F.

{B312} Evans, M. R. 1997. The influence of habitat and male morphology on a mate-choice cue: the display nests of Wrens. Anim. Behav. 54: 485--491. (Dept. Biol. & Molec. Sci., Univ. Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.)---Troglodytes troglodytes.

{B312} Frith, C. B., G. Borgia, & D. W. Frith. 1996. Courts and courtship behaviour of Archbold's Bowerbird Archboldia papuensis in Papua New Guinea. Ibis 138: 204--211. ("Prionodura," PO Box 581, Malanda, Qld., Australia, 4885.)

{B312} Frost, D. 1997. Observations on the display behaviour of winter plumaged Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica. Emirates Bird Report 19: 125. (1 Shakespeare Rd., St Ives, Cambs PE17 4TR, UK.)

{B312} Galef, B. G., Jr, & D. J. White. 1998. Mate-choice copying in Japanese Quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Anim. Behav. 55: 545--552. (Dept. Psychol., McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Can.).

{B312} Gowaty, P. A. 1997. Principles of females' perspectives in avian behavioral ecology. J. Avian Biol. 28: 95--102. (Inst. Ecol. & Women's Stud. Prog., Inst. Ecol., 711 Biol. Sci. Bldg., Univ. Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2602, USA. EM: gowaty@ecology.uga.edu)---Ten facts and myths about females.---R.T.B.

{B312} Höglund, J., & S. Stöhr. 1997. A non-lekking population of Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix. J. Avian Biol. 28: 184--187. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavägen 9, S--752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. EM: jacob.hoglund@zoologi.uu.se)---A result of low population density and suitable display sites.---R.T.B.

{B312} Jennions, M. D. 1998. The effect of leg band symmetry on female-male association in Zebra Finches. Anim. Behav. 55: 61--67. (Smithson. Trop. Res. Inst., Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, U.S.A.)---No effect on female preference for male Taeniopygia guttata.

{B312} Lifjeld, J. T., T. Slagsvold, & H. Ellegren. 1997. Experimental mate switching in Pied Flycatchers: male copulatory access and fertilization success. Anim. Behav. 53: 1225--1232. (Zool. Mus., Univ. Oslo, Sars gate 1, N-0562 Oslo, Norway.)---Ficedula hypoleuca.

{B312} Ligon, J.. D., R. Kimball, & M. Merola-Zwartjes. 1998. Mate choice by female red junglefowl: the issues of multiple ornaments and fluctuating asymmetry. Anim. Behav. 55: 41--50. (Dept. Biol., Univ. New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.A.)---Gallus gallus.

{B312} Lovell-Mansbridge, C., & T. R. Birkhead*. 1998. Do female Pigeons trade pair copulations for protection? Anim. Behav. 56: 235--241. (Dept. Anim. & Plant Sci., Univ. Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.)---Columba livia females separated from their mates were harassed by other males.---A.K.T.

{B312} Marcondes M., L. O. 1994. Biologia e comportamento de Tiaris fulginosa [sic.] (Wied, 1831) em cativerio (Paseriformes, Emberizidae). [Biology and behavior of Tiaris fuliginosa in captivity.] Iheringia Ser. Zool. 77: 15--23. (Depto. Zool., Univ. Estadual de Campinas [UNICAMP]. C.P. 6109, CEP: 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil.).

{B312} Merrifield, K. 1996. Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) courtship displays in Lincoln County, Oregon. Northwest. Nat. 77: 19. (Dept. Bot. Plant Pathol., Oregon State Univ., 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA.)---Observations 1991--1995 showed display occurred only in late Mar and early Feb; a previously undocumented display recorded.---R.B.C.

{B312} Pinxten, R., & M. Eens. 1997. Copulation and mate-guarding patterns in polygynous European Starlings. Anim. Behav. 54: 45--58. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Antwerp, UIA, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.)---Sturnus vulgaris.

{B312} Poldmaa, T., & K. Holder. 1997. Behavioural correlates of monogamy in the Noisy Miner, Manorina melanocephala. Anim. Behav. 54: 571--578. (Dept. Biol., Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Can.)---Females within breeding groups associate and copulate with a single male.---A.K.T.

{B312} Poston, J. P. 1997. Mate choice and competition for mates in the Boat-tailed Grackle. Anim. Behav. 54: 525--534. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA.)---Quiscalus major.

{B312} Rintamöki, P. T., et al. 1997. Fluctuating asymmetry and copulation success in lekking Black Grouse. Anim. Behav. 54: 265--269. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavögen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Male Tetrao tetrix with territories on the edge of leks had less copulation success and more asymmetric tarsi than central birds.---A.K.T.

{B312} Roulin, A. 1996. [Incest in the Barn Owl Tyto alba.] Alauda 64: 458--459. (Inst. Zool., Univ. de Berne, CH--3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland.)---3 incestuous pairs. (French.)---G.O.

{B312} Tobias, M. C., & G. E. Hill*. 1998. A test of sensory bias for long tails in the House Finch. Anim. Behav. 56: 71--78. (Dept. Zool. & Wildl. Sci., 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL 36849, USA.)---Female Carpodacus mexicanus did not prefer males with artificially lengthened tails.---A.K.T.

{B312} Villarroel, M., D. M. Bird, & U. Kuhnlein. 1998. Copulatory behaviour and paternity in the American Kestrel: the adaptive significance of frequent copulations. Anim. Behav. 56: 289--299. (Depto. Ingenieria Eletrónica y Comunicaciones, Centro Politécnico Superior, 50015 Zaragoza, Spain.)---Copulations may help in mate assessment in Falco sparverius as they occur outside fertile period and both sexes solicit them.---A.K.T.

{B312} Wagner, R. H., & E. S. Morton. 1997. Sexual selection for delayed size maturation in a bird exhibiting delayed plumage maturation. J. Avian Biol. 28: 143--149. (Dept. Biol., York Univ., North York, ON, M3J 1P3, Can. EM: RWAGNER@YORKU.CA)---Purple Martin, Progne subis.

{B314} Buckley, N. J. 1997. Spatial effects and the importance of local enhancement in the evolution of colonial breeding in seabirds. Am. Nat. 149: 1091--1112. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0086, USA; EM: nbuckley@zoo.uvm.edu)---Simulation examines role of foraging behavior in the evolution of colonial breeding.---J.R.F.

{B314} Caldow, R. W. G., & J. D. Goss-Custard. 1996. Temporal variation in the social rank of adult Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus. Ardea 84 A: 389--399. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Furzebrook Res. Stn., Wareham, Dorset BH20 5AS, UK.)---Changes in dominance score result in changes in intake rate of between -10% and +12%, but effect on fitness unknown.---R.G.B.

{B314} Emlen, S. T. 1996. Living with relatives: Lessons from avian family systems. Ibis 138: 87--100. (Sect. Neurobiol. & Beh., Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853-2702, USA.)---Review of current thinking about evolution of families and the social dynamics expected among family members.---J.V.B.

{B314} Ens, B. J. 1994. [The career decisions of the Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus.] Limosa 67: 53--67. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Summarizes major findings of 7-year study of social behavior. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B314} Freire, R., M. C. Appleby, & B. O. Hughes. 1997. Assessment of pre-laying motivation in the domestic hen using social interaction. Anim. Behav. 54: 313--319. (Dept. Clin. Vet. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Langford Ho., Langford, Bristol BS18 7DU, UK.)---Gallus domesticus.

{B314} Hill, I. F., & B. Cresswell. 1997. The use of a communal summer roost by radio-tagged Blackbirds Turdus merula. Bird Study 44: 114--116. (EGI, Dept. Zool., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Birds tagged within 400 metre radius of winter roost used it at some time during summer and some did so every night. None of those tagged at 800 metres did so.---D.W.

{B314} Kotrschal, K., K. Hirschenhauser, & E. Möstl. 1998. The relationship between social stress and dominance is seasonal in Greylag Geese. Anim. Behav. 55: 171--176. (K-L-Forschungstelle für Ethol., A-4645 Grünau 11, Austria.)---Anser anser.

{B314} Lahti, K., et al. 1996. Social dominance in free-living Willow Tits Parus montanus determinants and some implications of hierarchy. Ibis 138: 539--544. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Oulu, Linnanmaa, FIN--90570 Oulu, Finland.)---Hierarchical status patterns support "hopeful dominants" hypothesis.---J.V.B.

{B314} Roberts, G. 1997. How many birds does it take to put a flock to flight? Anim. Behav. 54: 1517--1522. (Dept. Psychol., Univ. Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.)---In Calidris alba, depends on flock size and whether flock is disturbed by a predator.---A.K.T.

{B314} Trost, C. H., & C. L. Webb. 1997. The effect of sibling competition on the subsequent social status of juvenile North American Black-billed Magpies Pica pica hudsonia. Acta Ornith. 32: 111--119. (Dept. Biol., Idaho State Univ., Box 8807, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA.)---Most males heavier at fledging were also dominant to smaller brothers 8 months later.---J.P.

{B314} Wiles, G. J. 1998. Records of communal roosting in Mariana Crows. Wilson Bull. 110: 126--128. (Div. Aquatic Wildl. Resour., 192 Dairy Rd., Mangilao, Guam 96923; EM: gwiles@ns.gu)---Nocturnal encounters with brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) on Guam may have induced this behavior in Corvus kubaryi.---J.J.Dos.

{B316} Arvidsson, B., C. Askenmo*, & R. Neergaard. 1997. Food supply for settling male rock pipits affects territory size. Anim. Behav. 54: 67--72. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Göteborg, Medicinaregatan 18, S-143-90 Göteborg, Sweden.)---Food-supplemented Anthus petrosus males had larger territories.---A.K.T.

{B316} Frost, D. 1997. Observations on the territorial behaviour of Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus at Khor Dubai. Emirates Bird Report 19: 126. (1 Shakespeare Rd., St Ives, Cambs PE17 4TR, UK.)

{B316} Greenberg, R., & J. Gradwohl. 1997. Territoriality, adult survival, and dispersal in the Checker-throated Antwren in Panama. J. Avian Biol. 28: 103--110. (Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr., Nat. Zool. Pk., Washington, DC 20008, USA. EM: Antwren@Erols.com)---14-yr study of 10 core territories of Myrmotherula fulviventris.---R.T.B.

{B316} Lens, L., et al. 1996. Response to simulated intrusions by territorial Yellow-whiskered Greenbuls Andropadus latirostris. Ibis 138: 561--563. (Dept. Ornithol., Natl. Mus. Kenya, PO Box 40658 Nairobi, Kenya.)

{B316} Neudorf, D. L., & S. A. Tarof. 1998. The role of chip calls in winter territoriality of Yellow Warblers. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 30--36. (Dept. Biol., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.)---Maybe for territorial defense in Panamanian Dendroica petechia.---R.A.I.

{B316} Rohner, C. 1997. Non-territorial 'floaters' in Great Horned Owls: space use during a cyclic peak of snowshoe hares. Anim. Behav. 53: 901--902. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Brit. Col., Vancouver, BC V6T 1ZA, Can.)---Radio-tracked fledgling Bubo virginianus stayed mainly on the peripheries of defended territories and had home ranges 5 times the size of the latter.---A.K.T.

{B316} Severinghaus, L. L. 1996. Territory strategy of the migratory Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus. Ibis 138: 460--465. (Inst. Zool., Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.)---High competition but low site tenacity.---J.V.B.

{B316} Tobias, J. 1997. Asymmetric territorial contests in the European Robin: the role of settlement costs. Anim. Behav. 54: 9--21. (Dept. Zool., Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3J, UK.)---75 Erithacus rubecula were removed from their territories and released up to 14 days later; dominance relative to the new territory owner depended on how long the latter had been in residence.---A.K.T.

{B318} Burt, T., R. Holland, & T. Guilford. 1997. Further evidence for visual landmark involvement in the pigeon's familiar map area. Anim. Behav. 53: 1203--1209. (Dept. Zool., S. Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Columba livia.

{B318} Donkers, H. 1994. [Remarkable distraction display of Woodpigeon Columba palumbus.] Limosa 67: 80. (Sophiastraat 22, 4701 GT Roosendaal, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{B318} Marchetti, K. 1998. The evolution of multiple male traits in the Yellow-browed Leaf Warbler. Anim. Behav. 55: 361--376. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Calif. at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A.)---Size of wing patches important for competition between male Phylloscopus inornatus, while females use several characters to choose mates.---A.K.T.

{B318} Mateos, C., & J. Carranza. 1997. The role of bright plumage in male-male interactions in the Ring-necked Pheasant. Anim. Behav. 54: 1205--1214. (Sch. Biol. Ethol., Univ. Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain.)---Phasianus colchicus.

{B318} Newberry, R. C., & D. M. Shackleton. 1997. Use of visual cover by domestic fowl: a Venetian blind effect? Anim. Behav. 54: 387--395. (Dept. Anim. Sci., Washington State Univ., Pullman WA 99164-6351, USA.)---Gallus domesticus.

{B318} Pört, T., & A, Qvarnström. 1997. Badge size in Collared Flycatchers predicts outcome of male competition over territories. Anim. Behav. 54: 893--899. (Dept. Conserv. Biol., Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci., Box 7002, S-750-07 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Ficedula albicollis.

{B320} Bell, D. A., P. W. Trail, & L. F. Baptista. 1998. Song learning and vocal tradition in Nuttall’s White-crowned Sparrows. Anim. Behav. 55: 939--956. (Dept. Ornithol. & Mammal., Calif. Acad. Sci., Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118-4599, USA.)---Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli.

{B320} Curio, E. 1998. Alarm calls and chick reaction: comments on Kleindorfer et al. (1996). Anim. Behav. 56: 260--261. (Fac. Biol., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.)---Comments on paper in Anim. Behav. 51: 1199--1206---A.K.T.

{B320} Cynx, J., et al. 1998. Amplitude regulation of vocalizations in noise by a songbird, Taeniopygia guttata. Anim. Behav. 56: 107--113. (Dept. Psychol., Vassar Coll., Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA.)

{B320} Dowsett-Lemaire, F. 1994. The song of the Seychelles Warbler Acrocephalus sechellensis and its African relatives. Ibis 136: 489--491. (Rue de Bois de Breux 194, B--4020 Jupille, Liège, Belgium.)---Compared to Acrocephalus gracilirostris and Acrocephalus rufescens.

{B320} Duguay, J. P., & G. Ritchison. 1998. A contextual analysis of singing behavior in male Tufted Titmice. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 85--94. (Div. For., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.)---Baeolophus bicolor.

{B320} Fessl, B., & H. Hoi. 1996. The significance of a two part song in the Moustached Warbler (Acrocephalus melanopogon). Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 8: 265--278. (Konrad Lorenz Inst. Vergleichende Verhaltensforschung, Savoyenstr. 1a, A--1160 Wien, Austria.)---Whistle part directed to males, Reed Warbler-like part to females.---A.S.

{B320} Gregory, P. 1996. Notes on the Greater Melampitta (Melampitta gigantea) in the Tabubil area [Papua New Guinea]. Muruk 8: 36--37. (P.O. Box 69, Tabubil 332, Western Province, Papua New Guinea.)---Describes call; emphasizes its importance in locating this rare species.---I.C.R.

{B320} Halupka, K., & L. Halupka. 1998. Alarm calls and chick reaction: comments on Kleindorfer et al. (1996). Anim. Behav. 55: 502--503. (Dept. Avian Ecol., Univ. Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50--335 Wroclaw, Poland.)---Comments on paper on Acrocephalus melanopogon in Anim. Behav. 51: 1199--1206.---A.K.T.

{B320} Kleindorfer, S., H. Hoi, & B. Fessl. 1998. Clarification of the chick reaction hypothesis. Anim. Behav. 55: 504--507. (KLIVV, Savoyenstrasse 1a, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.)---Comments on paper by Halupka & Halupka on Acrocephalus melanopogon in Anim. Behav. 1998, 55: 502--503.

{B320} Kleindorfer, S., H. Hoi, & B. Fessl. 1998. Alarm calls and chick reactions: distinguishing between levels of analysis. Anim. Behav. 56: 262--264. (KLIVV, Savoyenstr. 1a, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.)---Comments on paper by Curio, Anim. Behav. 56: 260--261---A.K.T.

{B320} Kroodsma, D. E., et al. 1997. Song development by Grey Catbirds. Anim. Behav. 54: 457--464. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-0027, USA.)---Imitation relatively unimportant in Dumetella carolinensis.---A.K.T.

{B320} Langmore, N. E., & N. B. Davies. 1997. Female Dunnocks use vocalizations to compete for males. Anim. Behav. 53: 881--890. (Dept. Zool., Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3J, UK.)---Prunella modularis.

{B320} Luschi, P., & C. del Seppia. 1996. Song-type function during territorial encounters in male Cetti's Warblers Cettia cetti. Ibis 138: 479--484. (Dipto. di Sci. del Comportamento Anim. e dell'Uomo, Univ. di Pisa, Via Volta 6, I--56126 Pisa, Italy.)---Use of two song types dependent on singer's level of aggressiveness.

{B320} Marler, P., & C. Evans. 1996. Bird calls: just emotional displays or something more? Ibis 138: 26--33. (Sec. Neurobiol., Physiol. & Beh., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.)---Simple emotion-based models of bird calls inadequate for explaining vocal behavior of birds.---J.V.B.

{B320} Nemeth, E. 1996. Different singing styles in mated and unmated Reed Buntings Emberiza schoeniclus. Ibis 138: 172--176. (K.L.I.V.V., Savoyenstrasse 1a, 1160 Wien, Austria.)

{B320} Payne, R. B., L. L. Payne, & J. L. Woods. 1998. Song learning in brood-parasitic Indigobirds Vidua chalybeata: song mimicry of the host species. Anim. Behav. 55: 1537--1553. (Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1979, USA.)

{B320} Prum, R. O. 1998. Sexual selection and the evolution of mechanical sound production in manakins (Aves: Pipridae). Anim. Behav. 55: 977--994. (Nat. Hist. Mus., Univ. Kansas., Lawrence, KN 66045-2454, USA.)

{B320} Riveros, G. 1989. Análisis de la comunicación sonora de tres especies de golondrinas (Notiochelidon cyanoleuca, Tachycineta leucorrhoa y T. albiventer; Familia: Hirundinidae). [Sound communication in three swallow species]. An. Mus. Hist. Nat. Valparaíso 20: 85--98. (Dept. Biol. y Química, Univ. de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educación. Casilla 34-V, Valparaíso, Chile.)---Main functions of sounds are: recognition, aggression, breeding, social cohesion, and chick begging.---C.G.S.

{B320} Sogge, M. K. 1997. Primary song by a juvenile Willow Flycatcher. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 630--631. (Colorado Plateau Res. Stn., P. O. Box 5614, Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.)---6--8 wk old Empidonax traillii.---R.A.I.

{B320} Tchernichovski, O., H. Schwabl., & F. Nottebohm. 1998. Context determines the sex appeal of male Zebra Finch song. Anim. Behav. 55: 1003--1010. (Rockefeller Univ. Field Res. Ctr., Tyrrel Rd., Millbrook, NY 12545, USA.)---Taeniopygia guttata.

{B500} McGarigal, K., R. G. Anthony, & F. B. Isaacs. 1991. Interactions of humans and Bald Eagles on the Columbia River Estuary. Wildl. Monogr. 115: 1--47. (Dept. For. Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.)---Boating may substantially affect spatial use patterns in Haliaeetus leucocephalus.---R.H.D.

{B500} Stalmaster, M. V., & J. L. Kaiser. 1998. Effects of recreational activity on wintering Bald Eagles. Wildl. Monogr. 137: 1--46. (Stalmaster & Associates, 1570 E. Burgundy Rd., Shelton, WA 98584, USA.)---Increased recreational activity (foot traffic, fishing boats, and eagle-viewing boats) reduced numbers and feeding activity of Haliaeetus leucocephalus.---R.H.D.

{B502} Bevanger, K. 1994. Bird interactions with utility structures: collision and electrocution, causes and mitigating measures. Ibis 136: 412--425. (Norwegian Inst. Nat. Res., Div. Terrestrial Ecol., Tungasletta 2, N--7005 Trondheim, Norway.)

{B502} Brown, K. P., & C. Miller. 1997. Bird deaths from hip-chain cotton entanglements. Notornis 44: 109--110. (Ecosystems Consultants, P.O. Box 6161, Dunedin, New Zealand.)---Fine thread is used by forest managers to measure distance. Alternatives should be considered to reduce the risk to birds.---E.O.M.

{B502} Godinez, E. 1995. Turkey Vulture: a dangerous strike risk for aircraft. El Pitirre 8(1): 2--3. (Inst. Ecol. Sistem., Acad. Ciencias Cuba, AP 8010, CP 10800, Habana 8, Cuba.)---Cathartes aura individuals have collided with several aircraft in Cuba but there are no good statistical data.---R.B.C.

{B502} Janss, G. F. E., & M. Ferrer. 1998. Rate of bird collision with power lines: effects of conductor-marking and static wire-marking. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 8--17. (Estn. Biol. Doñana, Avda. Maria Luisa s/n, Pabellón del Perú, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.)---Black crossed bands and a white spiral reduced collisions but thin black stripes were not effective; Otis tarda and Otis tetrax were the most common victims.---R.A.I.

{B502} Vaske, T. 1991. Seabird mortality on longline fishing for tuna in Southern Brazil. Ciencia e Cultura 43(5): 388--390. (Lab. de Recursos Pesqueiros Pelagicos, Dept. Oceanografia, Univ. do Río Grande, Río Grande, R.S. 96200, Brasil.)---Commercial fishing is causing significant mortality to seabirds.---C.G.S.

{B504} Andelt, W. F., T P. Woolle, & S. N. Hopper. 1997. Effectiveness of barriers, pyrotechnics, flashing lights, and Scarey Man® for deterring heron predation on fish. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 686--694. (Dept. Fish. Wildl. Biol., Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA.)---Flashing light and human effigies did not deter Nycticorax nycticorax and Ardea herodias but barriers and pyrotechnics were effective.---W.P.J.

{B504} Mawson, P., & I. Temby. 1996. Quantifying damage caused by cockatoos. Eclectus 1: 10--11. (CALM, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Ctr., WA 6983, Australia.)---Outlines the difficulties facing accurate assessment of damage.---I.C.R.

{B504} Shedley, E. 1997. Parrot damage in Tasmanian bluegum plantations. Eclectus 3: 47--49. (RMB 382, Bridgetown, WA 6255, Australia.)---A new food source for Barnardius zonarius in W.A.---I.C.R.

{B508} Fadat, C. 1996. [Propositions for a management plan for hunting Woodcock Scolopax rusticola in Europe.] Alauda 64: 33--44. (1 rue Jean Rostand, F--34800 Clermont-l'Hérault, France.) (French, Engl. summ.)

{B508} Gilbert, D. W., et al. 1996. Response of nesting ducks to habitat and management on the Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado. Wildl. Monogr. 131: 1--44. (USBLM, 3170 E. Main, Canon City, CO 81212, USA.)---Anas platyrhynchos, Anas cyanoptera, Anas discors, Anas crecca, Anas acuta; 36-year study. Nest density and success declined with increased grazing.---R.H.D.

{B508} Gray, B. T., & R. M. Kaminski. 1994. Illegal waterfowl hunting in the Mississippi flyway and recommendations for alleviation. Wildl. Monogr. 127: 1--60. (Golder Associates, 1011 6th Ave. SW, Calgary, AB T2P 0W1, Can.)---35% of those surveyed committed 1--3 hunting violations per season.---R.H.D.

{B508} Meile, P. 1991. [The effects of hunting on waterfowl wintering on the Basin of Ermatingen (Lake Constance, Germany/Switzerland).] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 27--55. (Tal, CH--8885 Mols, Switzerland.)---Discusses mortality due to hunting and lead poisoning, and influence of hunting on distribution of wintering birds. (German, Engl. summ.)---M.G.

{B508} Morscheidt, J., D. Nebel, & J. Canut. 1996. [Movement and ranging area of three ptarmigan Lagopus mutus pyrenaicus in Central Pyrenees.] Alauda 64: 221--228. (O.N.F., Réserve Domaniale du Mont Vallier, F--09140 Seix, France.)---Radio-tracking and recommendations for hunting management. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B508} Persson, H. 1992. [The impact of hunting on the size of the breeding population of the Greylag Goose Anser anser.] Limosa 65: 41--47. (Univ. Lund, Ekologihuset, Helgonavägen 3, 22362 Lund, Sweden.)---Massive hunting in SW-Spain caused decline in Nordic breeding numbers. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B508} Wakeling, B. F., F. E. Phillips, & R. Engel-Wilson. 1997. Age and gender differences in Merriam’s turkey tarsometatarsus measurements. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 706--708. (Arizona Game Fish Dept., Research Br., 2221 W. Greenway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85023, USA.)---Tarsometatarsal length varies in all age and sex classes of Meleagris gallopavo.---W.P.J.

{B508} Williams, B. K. 1997. Approaches to the management of waterfowl under uncertainty. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 714--720. (N. Amer. Waterfowl Wetlands Off., USFWS, 4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Room 110, Arlington, VA 22201, USA.).

{B509} Duncan, R. P. 1997. The role of competition and introduction effort in the success of passeriform birds introduced to New Zealand. Am. Nat. 149: 903--915. (Dept. Plant Sci., P.O. Box 84, Lincoln, Univ., Canterbury, NZ; EM: duncanr@lincoln.ac.nz)---Role of competition in explaining invasion success cannot be assessed without data on introduction effort.---J.R.F.

{B509} Veit, R. R., & M. A. Lewis. 1996. Dispersal, population growth, and the Allee effect: dynamics of the House Finch invasion of Eastern North America. Am. Nat. 148: 255--274. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA; EM: veitrr@zoology.washington.edu)---Develop model from records of Carpodacus mexicanus range expansion; Allee effect may lead to slow spread in early stages of invasion.---J.R.F.

{B510} Adams, C. E., J. A. Leifester, & J. S. C. Herron. 1997. Understanding wildlife constituents: birders and waterfowl hunters. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 653--660. (Dept. Wildl. Fish. Sci., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843, USA.)---Birder and waterfowl hunter similarities include race, years of experience, and reasons for participating; differences include age, gender, source of income, and age at initiation.---W.P.J.

{B510} Pelikan, M. L. 1997. After the owl: reflections on big birds. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 31--33. (C/O BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)---Ethical and practical implications of bird watchers’ behavior when large numbers congregate to see a vagrant bird.---W.E.D.

{B510} Teireira, D. 1992 . Perspectivas da etno-ornitologia no Brasil: o exemplo de um estudo sobre a "tapigarem". [Ethno-ornithological notes from Brasil: example of a "tapigarem".] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8: 113--121. (Museo Nac., Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Secao de Ornitologia, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.)---Certain indigenous people in Brazil can induce an abnormal plumage in parrots.---C.G.S.

{B700} Austin, G. E., & D. C Houston. 1997. The breeding performance of the Buzzard Buteo buteo in Argyll, Scotland and a comparison with other areas of Britain. Bird Study 44: 146--154. (Appl. Ornithol. Unit, Graham Kerr Bldg., I.B.L.S, Glasgow Univ., Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)---Laying dates remarkably constant throughout Britain but clutch size differs significantly between study areas, being low in areas where rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus are scarce.---D.W.

{B700} Baldi, G., & A. Sorace. 1996. Reproductive parameters and nestling growth in Hoopoe Upupa epops in an area of Central Italy. Avocetta 20: 158--161. (Oasi WWF Macchiagrande, Via dell'Olivetello C15, 00057 Maccarese (Roma), Italy.)

{B700} Bauchau, V., & I. Seinen. 1997. Clutch desertion and re-nesting in Pied Flycatchers: an experiment with progressive clutch removal. Anim. Behav. 54: 153--161. (Neth. Inst. Ecol., PO Box 40, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands.)---Ficedula hypoleuca.

{B700} Beissinger, S. R., S. Tygielski, & B. Elderd. 1998. Social constraints on the onset of incubation in a neotropical parrot: a nestbox addition experiment. Anim. Behav. 55: 21--32. (Ecosystem Sci. Div., Hilgard Hall #3110, Univ. Calif., Berkeley, CA 94720-3110, U.S.A.)---Forpus passerinus must incubate or guard nests soon after laying to protect nest from conspecifics---A.K.T.

{B700} Biondi, M., & L. Pietrelli. 1996. [Breeding parameters of Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius in sample areas of Latium (Central Italy).] Alula 3: 62--67. (G.A.R.O.L., Via Castello 17, 00119 Ostia Antica (Roma), Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{B700} Bremer, P. 1995. [Breeding habitat of the Common Gull Larus canus in the Noordoostpolder.] Limosa 68: 97--101. (Roelingsbeek 1, 8033 BM Zwolle, Netherlands.)---Trend and breeding success of inland colony on farmland in 1968-1994. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B700} Castell, P. 1997. New information on the breeding biology of Cretzschmar’s Bunting Emberiza caesia. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 68--69. (Fairlawn, 679 Chester Rd., Great Sutton, South Wirral L66 2LN, UK.)

{B700} Chace, J. F., A. Cruz, & A. Cruz, Jr. 1997. Nesting success of the Western Wood-Pewee in Colorado. West. Birds 28: 110--112. (Dept. Environ., Pop. & Organismic Biol., Univ. Colorado, Boulder. CO 80309-0334, USA.)---Reproductive success and nest-site characteristics of Contopus sordidulus.---K.C.M.

{B700} Cooper, J. J., & M. C. Appleby. 1997. Motivational aspects of individual variation in response to nestboxes by laying hens. Anim. Behav. 54: 1245--1253. (Sch. Agric. Hortic., De Montfort Univ., Caythorpe Ct., Caythorpe, Lincolnshire NG32 3EP, UK.)---Gallus domesticus.

{B700} Corbacho, C., J. M. Sanchez & A. Sanchez. 1997. Breeding biology of Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus in agricultural environments of southwest Spain; comparison with other populations in the western Palearctic. Bird Study 44: 166--175. (Conserv. Invest. Group, Anim. Biol., Univ. Extramadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain.)---Mediterranean populations highly dependant on conservation measures.---D.W.

{B700} Davis, S. K., & S. G. Sealy. 1998. Nesting biology of the Baird's Sparrow in southwestern Manitoba. Wilson Bull. 110: 262--270. (Saskatchewan Wetland Conserv. Corporation, 202-2050 Cornwall St., Regina, SK S4P 2K5, Can.; EM: sdavis@wetland.sk.ca)---Parasitism by Molothrus ater lowered hatching success. First report of Ammodramus bairdii fledging cowbird young.---J.J.Dos.

{B700} Dawson, R. D., & R. G. Clark. 1996. Effects of variation in egg size and hatching date on survival of Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis ducklings. Ibis 138: 693--699. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Saskatchewan, 112 Science Pl., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Can.)

{B700} Evans, A. D., et al. 1997. Seasonal variation in breeding performance and nestling diet of Cirl Buntings Emberiza cirlus in England. Bird Study 44: 66--79. (RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Beds. SG19 2DL, UK.)---Late season chicks fed on much higher proportion of Orthoptera & had higher growth rates and survival. Most losses at chick stage early in season due to predation or starvation.---D.W.

{B700} Fanglin, Z. 1996. [Breeding habits of Phoenicurus frontalis.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 77. (No address given).---Blue-fronted Redstart (Chinese).

{B700} Frith, C. B., & D. W. Frith. 1998. Additional notes on the nesting biology of Victoria’s Riflebird Ptiloris victoriae. Emu 98: 138--142. (P.O. Box 581, Malanda, Qld. 4885, Australia.)---Study of nest site location, timing of breeding activities and parental care.---W.K.S.

{B700} Geering, D., & K. French. 1998. Breeding biology of the Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia in the Capertee Valley, New South Wales. Emu 98: 104--116. (RMB 2171 Fullerton Cove Rd., Fullerton Cove, NSW 2318, Australia.)---Study of endangered species. While breeding success was affected by severe drought, it does not limit population size, but is comparable with that of other Australian passerines.---W.K.S.

{B700} Gerstell, A. T., & C. H. Trost. 1997. Advantages of early versus late nesting in Black-billed Magpies Pica pica hudsonia variation in productivity, sex ratio, and fledgling size. Acta Ornith. 32: 39--44. (Dept. Biol., Idaho State Univ., Campus Box 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA.)---Offspring from early nests were larger and had higher social dominance in the non-breeding flocks.---J.P.

{B700} Hansson, B., S. Bensch*, & D. Hasselquist. 1997. Infanticide in Great Reed Warblers: secondary females destroy eggs of primary females. Anim. Behav. 54: 297--304. (Dept. Anim. Ecol., Lund Univ., S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.)---Infanticide by Acrocephalus arundinaceus suggested by peck marks in model plasticine eggs when new females settled in a territory.---A.K.T.

{B700} Hatchwell, B. J., D. E. Chamberlain, & C. M. Perrins. 1996. The reproductive success of Blackbirds Turdus merula in relation to habitat structure and choice of nest site. Ibis 138: 256--262. (Dept. Anim. & Plant Sci., PO Box 601, Univ. Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2UQ, UK.)---Successful nests less exposed than failed nests.---J.V.B.

{B700} Hegyi, Z. 1996. Laying date, egg volumes and chick survival in Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus L.), Redshank (Tringa totanus L.), and Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa L.). Ornis Hungarica 6: 1--7. (Dept. of Gen. Zool., E #. Univ., H-1445, Puskin u. 3, Budapest, Hungary.)---Eggs smaller in replacement clutches than in first clutches in all 3 species.---T.S.

{B700} Isenmann, P., & T. E. Martin. 1996. Clutch size and nest hole excavation behaviour in European tits (Paridae). Ibis 138: 336--337. (Ctr. d'Écol. Fonctionnelle et Evol. (CNRS), BP 5051, F--34033 Montpellier Cedex, France.)---Excavating species have smaller clutches than nonexcavators.---J.V.B.

{B700} Johnsson, K. 1994. Colonial breeding and nest predation in the Jackdaw Corvus monedula using old Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius holes. Ibis 136: 313--317. (Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci., Dept. Wildl. Ecol., Box 7002, S--750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Mostly by Martes martes.

{B700} Kostrzewa, A. 1996. A comparative study of nest-site occupancy and breeding performance as indicators for nesting-habitat quality in three European raptor species. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 8: 1--18. (Zool. Inst., Univ. Köln, D--50923 Köln, Germany.)---Buteo buteo, Accipiter gentilis, Pernis apivorus.

{B700} Kuitunen, M., et al. 1996. Food availability and the male's role in parental care in double-brooded Treecreepers Certhia familiaris. Ibis 138: 638--643. (Dept. Biol. & Environ. Sci., Univ. Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, FIN--40351 Jyväskylä, Finland.)---Males less likely to feed second broods, but this does not reduce success of second broods as food is more available later in the season and females are able to raise young alone.---J.V.B.

{B700} Ludvig, E., et al. 1995. The effect of nest-height on the seasonal pattern of breeding success in Blackbirds Turdus merula. Ardea 83: 411--418. (Dept. Genetics, Eötvös Univ., H--1088 Budapest Múz. Krt 4/A, Hungary.)

{B700} Meltofte, H. 1996. Are African wintering waders really forced south by competition from northerly wintering conspecifics? Benefits and constraints of northern versus southern wintering and breeding in waders. Ardea 84: 31--44. (Zool. Mus., Univ. Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK--2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.)---Heavy competition more likely in breeding season than in non-breeding season.---R.G.B.

{B700} Mönkkönen, M., & M. Orell. 1997. Clutch size and cavity excavation in parids (Paridae): the limited breeding opportunities hypothesis tested. Am. Nat. 149: 1164--1174. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Oulu, POB 333, FIN-90571, Finland; EM: mmonkkon@cc.oulu.fi)---Data using Holarctic parids do not support limited breeding opportunities hypothesis; clutch size and propensity to excavate may have evolved independently.---J.R.F.

{B700} Monnett, C., & A. Varney. 1998. Notes on the breeding of the Striated Heron Butorides striatus patruelis in Tahiti, French Polynesia. Emu 98: 132--136. (Mission Française de Coopération et d’Action Culturelle, B.P. 84, Bamako, Rep. of Mali.)---Breeding biology of this pan-tropical species differs on Tahiti from elsewhere. Clutch sizes are smaller, incubation periods longer and breeding success lower. This may be due to insular environment and limited food supply.---W.K.S.

{B700} Newton, I. 1994. Experiments on the limitation of bird breeding densities: a review. Ibis 136: 397--411. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE17 2LS, UK.)---Reviews evidence that breeding is limited by food, nest sites, predators and parasites.---J.V.B.

{B700} Oliver, D. L., A. J. Ley, & B. Williams. 1998. Breeding success and nest site selection of the Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia near Armidale, New South Wales. Emu 98: 97--103. (Sch. Environ. Info. Sci., Charles Sturt Univ., P.O. Box 789, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia.)---Study of endangered species. Mean nest height 13.4 m in rough-barked trees, with most nests in aggregations of 2 to 11. Regional population estimated at 51 (1993), 101 (1995) and 64 (1996): higher than previous estimates. Breeding success 38.3%, higher than in many other honeyeaters, which suggests low population is due to factors other than poor breeding success.---W.K.S.

{B700} Orell, M., et al. 1996. Brood size manipulations within the natural range did not reveal intragenerational cost of reproduction in the Willow Tit Parus montanus. Ibis 138: 630--637. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Oulu, Linnanmaa A, FIN--90570 Oulu, Finland.)

{B700} Penteriani, V., & B. Faivre. 1997. Breeding density and nest site selection in a Goshawk Accipiter gentilis population of the Central Apennines (Abruzzo, Italy). Bird Study 44: 136--145. (Le Faubourg, 21120 Frenois, France.)---Nests found on north- and east-facing slopes at density of 5.03 sites/100 km---D.W.

{B700} Perrins, C. M. 1996. Eggs, egg formation and the timing of breeding. Ibis 138: 2--15. (E.G.I., Dept. Zool., Univ. Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.)---Review of evolutionary and physiological trade-offs in egg production.---J.V.B.

{B700} Poulsen, J. G. 1996. Behaviour and parental care of Skylark Alauda arvensis chicks. Ibis 138: 525--531. (Game Conserv. Trust, Fordingbridge, Hampshire SP6 1EE, UK.)---In relation to three different crop types.---J.V.B.

{B700} Rodrigues, M., & H. Q. P. Crick. 1997. The breeding biology of the Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita in Britain: a comparison of an intensive study with records of the BTO Nest Record Scheme. Bird Study 44: 373--383. (Dept. Ecol. Zool., Federal Univ. Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Sc, Brazil.)---Data from an intensive study (1992--1994) in Wytham Woods, Oxford are very similar to results from BTO Nest Record Scheme from 1933--1993.---D.W.

{B700} Rosselli, D., B. Felizia, & P. Campanatico. 1996. [Nest-box occupation by Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus in Val Troncea National Park: feeding and breeding aspects.] Avocetta 20: 26--32. (Parco Nat. Val Troncea, Via S. Lorenzo 23, Fraz. Traverses, 10060 Pragelato (To), Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{B700} Sanz, J. J. 1995. Environmental restrictions on reproduction in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca. Ardea 83: 421--430. (Dept. Ecol. Evol., Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat., José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E%28006 Madrid, Spain.)---Female mass, incubation period, and reproductive success compared in coniferous ("good") and deciduous ("marginal") habitats.---R.G.B.

{B700} Sanz, J. J. 1997. Clutch size manipulation in the Pied Flycatcher: effects on nestling growth, parental care and moult. J. Avian Biol. 28: 157--162. (Depto. Ecol. Evol., Mus. Nac. de Cienc. Nat. (CSIC), José Gutierrez Abascal 2, E--28006 Madrid, Spain. EM: mcns111@fresno.csic.es)---Ficedula hypoleuca.

{B700} Soler, M., & J. J. Soler. 1996. Effects of experimental food provisioning on reproduction in the Jackdaw Corvus monedula, a semi-colonial species. Ibis 138: 377--383. (Depto. de Biol. Anim. y Ecol., Fac. de Ciencias, Univ. de Granada, E--18071 Granada, Spain.)---Advanced laying date and increased clutch size and fledging success.---J.V.B

{B700} Tanaka, Y. 1996. Nesting observation of Double-eyed Fig-parrot (Cyclopsitta diopthalma [sic]) at Kikori [Papua New Guinea]. Muruk 8: 32--33. (7--1--505. 2-Chome, Koyamadai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142, Japan.)---Cyclopsitta diophthalma.

{B700} van Manen, W. 1992. [Selection of territory and nest by Long-eared Owls Asio otus.] Limosa 65: 1--6. (Groenkampen 123, 9407 RM Assen, Netherlands.)---Distribution of woodland and location of winter roosts determines nest spacing, not distribution of Microtus arvalis (main prey species) or interspecific competition with Falco tinnunculus. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B700} Walsh, J. J., & C. E. Bock. 1997. Likely occurrence of overlapping broods in the Rock Wren. West. Birds 28: 223--224. (Dept. Environ., Population, Organismic Biol., Univ. Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.)---Describe behavior not previously documented for Salpinctes obsoletus.---K.C.M.

{B700} Wen, X., et al. 1996. [Breeding habits of Accipiter nisus in Luyashan Natural reserve.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 28--29. (No address given).---Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Chinese).

{B700} Winkel, W., & H. Hudde. 1997. Long-term trends in reproductive traits of tits (Parus major, Parus caeruleus) and Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca. J. Avian Biol. 28: 187--190. (Inst. Vogelforschung, Aussenstation Braunschweig, Bauernstr. 14, D--38162 Cremlingen-Weddel, Germany.)---25-year study of laying dates, clutch size and breeding success in northern Germany.---R.T.B.

{B702} Baines, D., I. A. Wilson, & G. Beeley. 1996. Timing of breeding in Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix and Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus and distribution of insect food for the chicks. Ibis 138: 181--187. (Upland Res. Group, Game Conserv. Trust, Crubenmore Lodge, Newtonmore, Inverness-shire PH20 1BE, UK.)---Main hatch timed to coincide with peak availability of moth caterpillars preferred by chicks.---J.V.B.

{B702} Biricik, M. 1997. [Breeding of Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis in winter.] J. Ornithol. 138: 335--336. (Dicle Univ., Fen-Edebiyat Fakueltesi, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.) (German, English summ.)

{B702} Blondel, J., P. Perret, & M. Maistre. 1990. On the genetical basis of the laying-date in an island population of Blue Tit. J. Evol. Biol. 3: 469--476. (Ctr. Louis Emberger, CNRS, B. P. 5051, F-34033 Montpellier Cedex, France.)---Captive-reared and -bred Parus caeruleus derived from mainland bred earlier than those brought from Corsica, indicating a genetic basis for laying date.---W.E.T.

{B702} Bosshard, P. 1991. [Early breeding of Grey Heron Ardea cinerea.] Ornithol. Beob. 88:141. (Spielweg 1, CH--8037 Zürich, Switzerland.)---First young hatched 24 Feb. 1991. (German.)---M.G.

{B702} Bowman, R., & G. E. Woolfenden. 1997. Nesting chronology of the Common Ground-Dove in Florida and Texas. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 580--589. (Archbold Biol. Stn., P. O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862, USA.)---Columbina passerina.

{B702} Brown, P. 1996. Musk Lorikeets breeding in a Tasmanian winter. Eclectus 1: 2. (Parks & Wildl. Serv., G.P.O. Box 44A, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.)---Glossopsitta concinna.

{B702} Deceuninck, B., et al. 1997. [Timing of breeding in Corncrake Crex crex in France.] Alauda 65: 91--104. (LPO, Corderie Royale, B.P. 263, F--17305 Rochefort Cedex, France.)---Comparison of 6 French areas and relation with mowing. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B702} Deviche, P. 1997. Seasonal reproductive pattern of White-winged Crossbills in interior Alaska. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 613--621. (Inst. Arctic Biol., Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA.)---High latitude Loxia leucoptera may breed only in spring and early summer.---R.A.I.

{B702} Holden, T., & J. Young. 1997. Crossbills breeding early and in extreme conditions. Scott. Bird News 46: 12. [No address given.]---Loxia curvirostra with nestlings in late December during a cold winter.---P.J.C.

{B702} Loveday, A. D. 1997. [Late breeding of the Crested Tit Parus cristatus in the French Jura.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 105--106. (chemin des Graviers 18, CH--1290 Versoix, Switzerland.)---August 1995. (French.)

{B702} Parish, D. M. B., P. S. Thompson & J. C. Coulson. 1997. Attempted double-brooding in the Lapwing Vanellus vanellus. Bird Study 44: 111--113. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Durham, South Rd., Durham DH1 3LE, UK.)---Of 5 cases recorded, only one succeeded in rearing any young from second clutch.---D.W.

{B702} Skinner, N. J. 1997. The breeding seasons of birds in Botswana III: Non-Passerine families (Ostrich to Skimmer). Babbler 32: 10--23. (60 Gunton Dr., Lowestoft, NR43 4QB, UK.)---Analysis of nest record cards---N.J.S.

{B702} Tyler, S. J., & L. Tyler. 1997. Early nesting of Red-winged Pratincoles Glareola pratincola and some other records for the Boteti River [Botswana]. Babbler 32: 40. (Room 106, D. A. H. P., Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, Botswana.)---Fledged juveniles on 1 Aug 1996---N.J.S.

{B702} Veitch, C. R., & G. Harper. 1998. Breeding season of Kermadec Petrels (Pterodroma neglecta neglecta) at Meyer Islands, Kermadec Group, New Zealand. Notornis 45: 67--69. (Dept. Conserv., Priv. Bag 68-908, Newton, Auckland, New Zealand.)---Only very patchy records are available. Most egg laying occurs from November to June though there are pairs on eggs the year round.---E.O.M.

{B704} Agee, A. 1997. Killdeer hatches in Snowy Plover nest. West. Birds 28: 115. (10117 Ranchwood Manor Dr., Oklahoma City, OK 73139, USA.)---Charadrius vociferus, Charadrius alexandrinus.

{B704} Alvarez, F. 1996. Model Cuckoo Cuculus canorus eggs accepted by Rufous Bush Chats Cercotrichas galactotes during the parasite's absence from the breeding area. Ibis 138: 340--342. (Estación Biol. de Doñana, C.S.I.C., Aptdo. postal 1056, E--41080 Sevilla, Spain.)

{B704} Clotfelter, E. D. 1998. What cues do brown-headed Cowbirds use to locate Red-Winged Blackbird host nests? Anim. Behav. 55: 1181--1189. (Dept. Zool., Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.)---Female Molothrus ater are guided by calls of host Agelaius phoeniceus.---A.K.T.

{B704} Codenotti, T. L., & F. Alvarez. 1998. Adoption of unrelated young by Greater Rheas. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 58--65. (Univ. Passo Fundo, Caixa postal 567, 99100-000 Passo Fundo/RS, Brazil.)---Rhea americana adopters (23%) are more vigilant and protective and end up leading larger groups of young than non-adopters.---R.A.I.

{B704} Frumkin, R. 1994. Intraspecific brood-parasitism and dispersal in fledgling Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus. Ibis 136: 426--433. (PO Box 2444, Mevasseret Zion 90805, Israel.)---Brood parasitism occurs post-fledging.---J.V.B.

{B704} Llanes Sosa, A., & J. Hernández de Armas. 1995. [New host of Molothrus bonariensis (Familia Emberizidae) [sic] for Cuba.] El Pitirre 8(3): 3--4. (Inst. Ecol. Sist., Acad. Ciencias Cuba, Habana 8, Cuba.)---Vireo altiloquus feeding cowbird fledgling 9 Jun 1994. (Spanish.)---R.B.C.

{B704} Lozano, G. A., & R. E. Lemon. 1998. Adoption of Yellow Warbler nestlings by Song Sparrows. Wilson Bull. 110: 131--133. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Can.; EM: lozano@sfu.ca)---Pair of Melospiza melodia gradually took over parental duties for a brood of Dendroica petechia even though original parents were present.---J.J.Dos.

{B704} Lyon, B. E. 1997. Spatial patterns of Shiny Cowbird brood parasitism on Chestnut-capped Blackbirds. Anim. Behav. 54: 927--939. (Biol. Dept., Univ. Calif., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.)---Molothrus bonariensis parasitizing Agelaius ruficapillus.

{B704} Palomino, J. J., et al. 1998. Females are responsible for ejection of cuckoo eggs in the Rufous Bush Robin. Anim. Behav. 56: 131--136. (Dept. Anim. Biol. & Ecol., Univ. Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.)---In experimentally parasitized nests of Cercotrichas galactotes.

{B704} Perrin de Brichambaut, J. 1997. [Parasitic behavior of the European Cuckoo Cuculus canorus: regional comparisons and evolution in time.] Alauda 65: 167--186. (23 rue d'Anjou, F--75008 Paris, France.)---Data on host choice in 12 European countries and Japan. (French.)---G.O.

{B704} Soler, M., J. J. Soler, & J. G. Martinez. 1997. Great Spotted Cuckoos improve their reproductive success by damaging Magpie host eggs. Anim. Behav. 54: 1227--1233. (Dept. Anim. Biol. Ecol., Univ. Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.)---Clamator glandarius parasitizing Pica pica.

{B704} Strausberger, B. M. 1998. Evident nest-searching behavior of female Brown-headed Cowbirds while attended by males. Wilson Bull. 110: 133--136. (Dept. Biol. Sci. (M/C 066), Univ. Illinois Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA; EM: bstrau1@icarus.uic.edu)---2 observations consistent with the hypothesis that Molothrus ater uses nesting-cue and "flush" method techniques to find host nests.---J.J.Dos.

{B706} Baxter, G. S., & P. G. Fairweather. 1998. Does available foraging area, location or colony character control the size of multispecies egret colonies? Wildl. Res. 25: 23--32. (Sch. Ecol. Environ., Deakin Univ., P.O. Box 423, Warrnambool, Vic. 3280, Australia.)---Ardea alba, Bubulcus ibis, Ardea intermedia, and Egretta garzetta studied in 13 colonies along coastline of New South Wales.---M.G.B.

{B706} Blanco, G., & J. L. Tella. 1997. Protective association and breeding advantages of Choughs nesting in Lesser Kestrel colonies. Anim. Behav. 54: 335--342. (Dept. Biol. Anim., Univ. de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.)---Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax had fewer nest failures when breeding with Falco naumanni.---A.K.T.

{B706} Bos, J., & T. van Kooten. 1993. [Brood sharing of two female Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus.] Limosa 66: 161--163. (Saarbrückerstra$e 235, 66125 Dudweiler, Germany.)---Two adult females brooded clutch of 7 eggs simultaneously, and later fed the young together. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B706} Diop, M. S., & B. Tréca. 1997. [Sharing a cavity for breeding by the Grey Hornbill Tockus nasutus and the Red-beaked Hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchus.] Malimbus 19: 1--6. (Lab. d'ornithol., ORSTOM, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal.)---Single case in 1995, apparently first observation in Africa of two species simultaneously occupying same nesting cavity. (French, Engl. summ.)---P.W.P.B.

{B706} Ferreira R., A. A., & M. Fernandes. 1994. Nota sobre un ninhal do Guará Eudocimus ruber (Ciconiiformes), no litoral do Pará, Brasil. [Notes on a Scarlet Ibis nest from Pará, Brasil.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 10(2): 289--292. (Univ. Fed. Maranhao, Depto. Biol., Largo dos Amores, 21, CEP 65.020-240, Sao Luís, MA, Brazil.)---A major breeding colony for this endangered species is recorded from northern Brazil.---C.G.S.

{B706} Kirwan, G. M., R. S. R. Williams, & C. G. Bradshaw. 1996. An unusual nesting record of the Palmchat Dulus dominicus. El Pitirre 9(3): 7. (6 Connaught Rd., Norwich NR2 3BP, UK.)---Colony of at least 50 pairs found at 1300 m on the Haiti-Dominican Republic border.---R.B.C.

{B706} Van Impe, J. 1997. [Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus helping Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus breeding.] Alauda 65: 7--12. (Dr. van de Perrelei, 51B, B--2140 Borgerhout, Belgium.)---Male Larus melanocephalus helped pair of Larus ridibundus. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B706} Wilkinson, R. 1997. Cooperative breeding in captive Emerald Starlings Coccycolius iris: an update. Malimbus 19: 39. (N. England Zool. Soc., Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester CH2 1LH, UK.)---New data on sex of helper.---P.W.P.B.

{B706} Wright, J. 1997. Helping-at-the-nest in Arabian Babblers: signalling social status or sensible investment in chicks? Anim. Behav. 54: 1439--1448. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ/ Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.)---No evidence that chick feeding in Turdoides squamiceps functions as a signal.---A.K.T.

{B708} Mayer-Gross, H., H. Q. P. Crick & J. J. D. Greenwood. 1997. The effect of observers visiting the nests of passerines: an experimental study. Bird Study 44: 53--65. (BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, UK.)---No overall effect of visiting on success was consistent across study sites and habitats.---D.W.

{B708} Platteeuw, M., & J. H. Beekman. 1994. [Disturbance of waterbirds by ships on lakes Ketelmeer and IJsselmeer.] Limosa 67: 27--33. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Critical disturbance distances calculated for variety of waterbird species. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B708} Westemeier, R. L., J. E. Buhnerkempe, & J. D. Brawn. 1998. Effects of flushing nesting Greater Prairie-chickens in Illinois. Wilson Bull. 110: 190--197. (Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey, Champaign, IL 61820, USA)---Analysis of 29-year data set for Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus showed at least 88% return rate of hens flushed 1--5 times. Rates of embryonic loss and nest success were not related to number of flushes during incubation.---J.J.Dos.

{B710} Albarce, E., M. R. Santillán, & P. Palavecino. 1990. Estudio de la nidificación y biometría de los huevos de Tinamidae en la provincia de Tucumán. [Nests and egg measurements of tinamous of Tucumán {Argentina}]. Acta Zool. Lilloana 39(2): 69--77. (Fund. M. Lillo, Secc. ornit., Miguel Lillo 251, 4000-Tucumán, Argentina.)---Measurements of eggs and nests distinguish between clutches of Nothura and Crypturellus.---C.G.S.

{B710} Bijlsma. R. G. 1996. [Incubation time and hatching order in the Goshawk Accipiter gentilis.] Limosa 69: 67--71. (Doldersummerweg 1, 7983 LD Wapse, Netherlands.)---Incubation period depends on clutch size and laying order; hatching rank similar to laying rank irrespective of clutch size. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B710} Chaurand, T., & H. Weimerskirch. 1994. Incubation routine, body mass regulation and egg neglect in the Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea. Ibis 136: 285--290. (CEBC-CNRS, 79360 Beauvoir, France.)

{B710} Grau, C. R. 1996. Nutritional needs for egg formation in the Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis. Ibis 138: 756--764. (Dept. Avian Sci., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.)---Requires only 1.15 g protein and 34 kJ energy per day.---J.V.B.

{B710} Heeb, P. 1994. Intraclutch egg-mass variation and hatching asynchrony in the Jackdaw Corvus monedula. Ardea 82: 287--297. (Edward Grey Inst., Dept. Zool., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Variation consistent with Lack’s brood reduction hypothesis, although female may be under proximate constraints during laying.---R.G.B.

{B710} Järviven, A. 1996. Correlation between egg size and clutch size in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in cold and warm summers. Ibis 138: 620--623. (Kilpisjärvi Biol. Stn., PO Box 17 (Arkadiankatu 7), FIN--00014 Univ. Helsinki, Finland.)---Found only in colder springs.---J.V.B.

{B710} Kilpi, M., L. Hillström, & K. Lindström. 1996. Egg-size variation and reproductive success in the Herring Gull Larus argentatus: adaptive or constrained size of the last egg? Ibis 138: 212--217. (Dept. Ecol. & Syst., Univ. Helsinki, PB 17, SF--00014 Helsinki, Finland.)---Last-laid egg is smaller because less food is available and is mainly a nonadaptive response to poor feeding conditions during laying.---J.V.B.

{B710} Konarzewski, M. 1997. [Causes and consequences of hatching asynchrony in birds.] Wiad. Ekol. 43: 23--37. (Inst. Biol., Univ. Bialystok, ul. Swierkowa 20 B, 15--950 Bialystok, Poland.)---Good review of current hypotheses. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---J.P.

{B710} Ludvig, É. 1996. [The phenomenon of hatching asynchrony in altricial birds and different hypotheses for its evolution.] Ornis Hungarica 6: 23--41. (Dept. Genetics, Eötvös Univ., Budapest, Muzeum krt 4/a, H-1088, Hungary.)---Critically reviews 17 hypotheses. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{B710} Montague, W. G., et al. 1993. Unhatched eggs in nests of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 47: 77--81. (Ouachita Natl. For., P.O. Box 2255, Waldron, AR 72958, USA.)---Picoides borealis.

{B710} Nager, R. G., & H. S. Zandt. 1994. Variation in egg size in Great Tits. Ardea 82: 315--328. (CNRS/CEFE, B.P. 5051, 34033 Montpellier Cedex, France.)---Environmental conditions explain only small proportion of observed variation in egg-volume in Parus major.---R.G.B.

{B710} Schoppers, J. 1995. [Eight eggs in nest of Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus.] Limosa 68: 117--119. (Worth Rhedenseweg 22, 6991 DW Rheden, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{B710} Stienen, E. W. M., & A. Brenninkmeijer. 1996. [Variation in clutch size and egg volume in Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea, Common Tern Sterna hirundo and Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis.] Limosa 69: 37--46. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.)---First-laid eggs larger than last-laid eggs in all species. (Dutch, Engl.summ)---R.G.B.

{B710} Székely, T., I. Karsai, & T. D. Williams. 1994. Determination of clutch-size in the Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus. Ibis 136: 341--348. (Behav. Ecol. Res. Group, Dept. Zool., Kossuth Univ., Debrecen H--4010, Hungary.)---May be limited by incubation ability of parents.---J.V.B.

{B710} Wiebe, K. L., J. Wiehn, & E. Korpimöki. 1998. The onset of incubation in birds: can females control hatching patterns? Anim. Behav. 55: 1043--1052. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Can.)---Patterns of hatching asynchrony are related to incubation behaviour in Eurasian Kestrels, Falco tinnunculus.---A.K.T.

{B710} Williams, T. D., et al. 1996. Intraclutch egg-size variation in the Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis: an egg-removal experiment. Ibis 138: 499--505. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Can.)---Daily removal had no effect on mean egg mass, relaying interval, or clutch size.---J.V.B.

{B710} Woodall, P. F. 1997. C.T. White Lecture for 1996: Birds’ eggs: form and function. Qld. Nat. 35: 14--19. (Dept. Anat. Sci., Univ. Qld., Brisbane, Qld. 4072, Australia.)

{B710} Yom-Tov, Y. 1994. Clutch size of passerines at mid-latitudes: the possible effect of competition with migrants. Ibis 136: 161--165. (Dept. Zool., Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.)---Lower competition for food during breeding season in Israel may enable passerines there to lay larger clutches.---J.V.B.

{B712} Blakey, J. K. 1994. Genetic evidence for extra-pair fertilizations in a monogamous passerine, the Great Tit Parus major. Ibis 136: 457--462. (Dept. Zool., Oxford Univ., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Estimated at 14% of offspring in English population.---J.V.B.

{B712} Bolen, G. M. 1997. Extra-pair copulations in Yellow-billed Magpies Pica nuttalli preliminary results. Acta Ornith. 32: 9--13. (Mus. Vert. Zool., 3101 VLSB, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.)

{B712} Catry, P., & R. W. Furness. 1997. Territorial intrusions and copulation behaviour in the Great Skua, Catharacta skua. Anim. Behav. 54: 1265--1272. (Appl. Ornithol. Unit, IBLS, Univ. Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)---Female intruders induced males to provide food before copulating.---A.K.T.

{B712} Currie, D. R., et al. 1998. Male and female behaviour and extra-pair paternity in the Wheatear. Anim. Behav. 55: 689--703. (Lab. Ecol. Zool., Dept. Biol., Univ. Turku, FIN-20014, Finland.)---Oenanthe oenanthe.

{B712} Kempenaers, B., & B. C. Sheldon. 1998. Confounded correlations: a reply to Lifjeld et al. and Wagner et al. Anim. Behav. 55: 241--244. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavögen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Comments on papers in Anim. Behav. 55: 235--238, 239--240.---A.K.T.

{B712} Kempenaers, B., R. B. Lanctot, & R. J. Robertson. 1998. Certainty of paternity and paternal investment in Eastern Bluebirds and Tree Swallows. Anim. Behav. 55: 845--860. (KLIVV, Savoyenstr. 1a,, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.)---Experimental reduction of certainty of paternity in Sialia sialis and Tachycineta bicolor did not reduce investment in offspring.---A.K.T.

{B712} Lifjeld, J. T., et al. 1998. Studying the influence of paternity on paternal effort: a comment on Kempenaers & Sheldon. Anim. Behav. 55: 235--238. (Zool. Mus., Univ. Oslo, Sars gate 1, N-0562 Oslo, Norway.)---Comments on paper in Anim. Behav. 1997, 53: 423--427.---A.K.T.

{B712} Lifjeld, J. T., T. Slagsvold, & H. Ellegren. 1998. Experimentally reduced paternity affects paternal effort and reproductive success in Pied Flycatchers. Anim. Behav. 55: 319--329. (Zool. Mus., Univ. Oslo, Sars gate 1, N-0562 Oslo, Norway.).---Ficedula hypoleuca.

{B712} Soukup, S. S., & C. F. Thompson. 1997. Social mating system affects the frequency of extra-pair paternity in House Wrens. Anim. Behav. 54: 1089--1105. (Dept. Biol., Illinois Wesleyan Univ., PO Box 2900, Bloomington, IL 61702-2900, USA.)---Troglodytes aedon.

{B712} Stutchbury, B. J. M. 1998. Extra-pair mating effort of male Hooded Warblers, Wilsonia citrina. Anim. Behav. 55: 553--561. (Dept. Biol., York Univ., N. York, ON M3J 1P3, Can.)---Radio-tracked males spent 0--8% of their time intruding on other territories.---A.K.T.

{B712} Wagner, R. H., M. D. Schug, & E. S. Morton. 1998. Studying paternity and paternal care: the value of negative results. Anim. Behav. 55: 239--240. (Dept. Biol., York Univ., N. York, ON M3J 1P3, Can.)---Comments on paper in Anim. Behav. 1997, 53: 423--427.---A.K.T.

{B712} Whittingham, L. A., & P. O. Dunn. 1998. Male parental effort and paternity in a variable mating system. Anim. Behav. 55: 629--640. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Lapham Hall, PO Box 413, Univ. Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.)---Whether male White-browed Scrubwrens, Sericornis frontalis, feed young is related to paternity.---A.K.T.

{B712} Yezerinac, S. M., & P. J. Weatherhead. 1997. Reproductive synchrony and extra-pair mating strategy in a socially monogamous bird, Dendroica petechia. Anim. Behav. 54: 1393--1403. (Div. Botany & Zool., Australian Natl. Univ., Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.)---Male plumage and body size, but not synchrony predict extra-pair parentage---A.K.T.

{B714} Catry, P., N. Ratcliffe, & R. W. Furness. 1997. Partnerships and mechanisms of divorce in the Great Skua. Anim. Behav. 54: 1475--1482. (IBLS, Graham Kerr Bldg., Univ. Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)---Female Catharacta skua. deserted mates for new partners.---A.K.T.

{B714} Greene, T., & J. Fraser. 1998. Sex ratio of North Island Kaka (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis), Waihaha Ecological Area, Pureora Forest Park. N. Z. J. Ecol. 22: 11--16. (Dept. Conserv., Priv. Bag 68-908, Newton, Auckland, New Zealand.)---Female:male ratio ca. 3:1 in this North Island, New Zealand population. Breeding females may suffer high predation on the nest.---E.O.M.

{B714} Kilner, R. 1998. Primary and secondary sex ratio manipulation by Zebra Finches. Anim. Behav. 56: 155--164. (Dept. Zool., Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.)---In experiments with Taeniopygia guttata, clutches were female biased and chick mortality male biased when food was abundant and vice versa when food was restricted.---A.K.T.

{B714} Lanctot, R. B., et al. 1997. Lekking without a paradox in the Buff-breasted Sandpiper. Am. Nat. 149: 1051--1070. (USGS/BRD, Alaska Sci. Ctr., 1011 E. Tudor Rd., Anchorage, AK 99503, USA; EM: richard_lanctot@nbs.gov)---Study of behavior and DNA in lek-breeding Tryngites subruficollis showed low variance in male success due to multiple mating by females and use of alternative habits by both sexes; no lekking paradox shown.---J.R.F.

{B714} Langen, T. A. 1996. The mating system of the White-throated Magpie-jay Calocitta formosa and Greenwood's hypothesis for sex-biased dispersal. Ibis 138: 506--513. (Dept. Biol., Univ. California, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 90013-0116, USA.)---Supports Greenwood's hypothesis that males defend mates rather than resources and are the dispersing sex.---J.V.B.

{B714} Lessells, C. M., K. R. Oddie, & A. C. Mateman. 1998. Parental behaviour is unrelated to experimentally manipulated Great Tit brood sex ratio. Anim. Behav. 56: 385--393. (NIOO, Boterhoeksestraat 22, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands.)---Parus major.

{B714} Nakamura, M. 1998. Multiple mating and cooperative breeding in polygynandrous Alpine Accentors. I. Competition among females. II. Male mating tactics. Anim. Behav. 55: 259--275, 277--289. (Lab. Anim. Ecol., Joetsu Univ. Educ., 1 Yamayashilki-machi, Joetsu-shi, Niigata 943, Japan.)---Prunella collaris.

{B714} Székely, T. 1996. Brood desertion in Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus: an experimental test of parental quality and remating opportunities. Ibis 138: 749--755. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Woodland Rd., Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.)---Better male parental care and greater remating opportunities of females both predispose this species for uniparental male care, desertion by females, and sequential polyandry.---J.V.B.

{B714} Tella, J. L., et al. 1996. Seasonal and interannual variation in the sex-ratio of Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni broods. Ibis 138: 342--345. (Estación Biol. de Doñana, C.S.I.C., Aptdo. postal 1056, E--41080 Sevilla, Spain.)

{B714} Ueda, K., & A. Yamaoka. 1994. Polygyny in Schrenck's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus bistrigiceps. Ibis 136: 492--493. (Lab. Biol., Rikkyo Univ., Ikebukuro, Tokyo 171, Japan.)

{B714} Widemo, F. 1998. Alternative reproductive strategies in the Ruff, Philomachus pugnax: a mixed ESS? Anim. Behav. 56: 329--336. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Uppsala, VillavÖgen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)

{B716} Austin, G. E. 1997. Nest site selection by Buzzards in mid Argyll [Scotland]. Scott. Birds 19: 55--57. (BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK.)---Buteo buteo.

{B716} Barea, L. P., et al . 1997. Nest site characteristics of New Zealand Falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) in forested habitat. Notornis 44: 213--218. (Dept. Conserv., Bay of Plenty Conserv., P.O. Box 1146, Rotorua, New Zealand.)---6 nests in mixed podocarp-hardwood forest were high (mean = 28 m) in trees emerging from the surrounding canopy.---E.O.M.

{B716} Bunnell, S. T., et al. 1997. Stick nests on a building and transmission towers used for nesting by large falcons in Utah. Great Basin Nat. 57: 263--267. (Dept. Fish. Wildl., Nash Hall 104, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA.)---Falco peregrinus, Falco mexicanus.

{B716} Calladine, J. 1997. A comparison of Herring Gull Larus argentatus and Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus nest sites: their characteristics and relationships with breeding success. Bird Study 44: 318--326. (47 Old Market St., Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2EQ, UK.)---For Larus fuscus, tall vegetation at nest sites enables young to be left unattended, while Larus argentatus relies more on parental vigilance.---D.W.

{B716} Davis, W. E., Jr., & C. Armstrong. 1997. Killdeer nest on gravel roofs of office buildings in Canton, Massachusetts. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 94--98. (C/O BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)---Charadrius vociferus.

{B716} DeLannoy, C. A., & A. Tossas. 1996. Nesting site habitat description and space requirements of the Puerto Rican Broad-winged Hawk. El Pitirre 9(1): 6. (No address available.)---Abstract only. Home range of Buteo platypterus brunnescens averaged 41.0 ha. Birds chose nest trees taller than the canopy with a large diameter and crown.---R.B.C.

{B716} Delany, M. F., & S. B. Linda. 1998. Characteristics of Florida Grasshopper Sparrow nests. Wilson Bull. 110: 136--139. (Florida Game Fresh Water Fish Comm., 4005 S. Main St., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA.)---Ammodramus savannarum floridanus.

{B716} Dhanda, S. K., & M. S. Dhindsa. 1996. Breeding performance of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis in nestboxes and natural sites. Ibis 138: 788--791. (Dept. Zool., Punjab Agricultural Univ., Ludhiana--141004, India.)---Nest boxes advanced laying by 5 weeks.---J.V.B.

{B716} Górska, E., & W. Górski. 1997. Nest sites of the Magpie Pica pica in urban and rural habitats in the Koszalin Region, NW Poland. Acta Ornith. 32: 45--50. (Dept. Zool., Ped. Univ., Arciszewskiego 22b, 76--200 Slupsk, Poland.)

{B716} Groen, N. M., J. J. Frieswijk, & J. Bouwmeester. 1995. [Why do Common Terns Sterna hirundo breed on roofs?] Limosa 68: 65--72. (Inst. Syst. Pop. Biol., Univ. Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands.)---Loss of favorable nesting sites has caused terns to start roof-nesting, despite presence of aerial predators, heat stress and distant foraging sites. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B716} Jerzak, W. 1997. Magpie Pica pica nest sites in urban habitats in Poland. Acta Ornith. 32: 69--76. (Ped. Univ., Al. Wojska Polskiego 69, 65--762 Zielona Góra, Poland.)---Populus sp. were the most commonly used.---J.P.

{B716} Kratter, A. W. 1998. The nests of two bamboo specialists: Celeus spectabilis and Cercomacra manu. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 37--44. (Florida Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.)

{B716} Leader, N., & Y. Yom-Tov. 1998. The possible function of stone ramparts at the nest entrance of the Blackstart. Anim. Behav. 56: 207--217. (Dept. Zool., Tel-Aviv Univ., Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.)---They may warn female Cercomela melanura of approaching predators.---A.K.T.

{B716} Linder, K. A., & S. H. Anderson. 1998. Nesting habitat of Lewis’ Woodpeckers in southeastern Wyoming. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 109--116. (Wyoming Coop. Fish Wildl. Res. Unit, Box 3166, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.)---Melanerpes lewis.

{B716} Lusk, M. R., & E. Taisacan. 1996. Dimensions and composition of Mariana Crow nests on Rota, Mariana Islands. Micronesica 29: 299--304. (USFWS, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Rm. 3108, Box 50088, Honolulu, HI 96850, USA; EM: mrlusk@fws.gov)---Corvus kubaryi.

{B716} Lusk, M. R., & E. Taisacan. 1997. Description of a Bridled White-eye nest from Rota, Mariana Islands. Micronesica 30: 183--185. (USFWS, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Rm. 3108, Box 50088, Honolulu, HI 96850, USA; EM: mrlusk@fws.gov)---Zosterops conspicillatus rotensis.

{B716} Martins T., D. 1992. Sobre a biologia da "Maria-macambira", Gyalophylax hellmayri (Reiser, 1905) (Aves: Furnariidae). [About the biology of Synallaxis hellmayri.] Iheringia Ser. Zool. 72: 141--146. (Secao de Ornitologia, Museu Nacional, VFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, Sao Cristobal, 20942 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.)---Descriptions and comparisons of nests and nest sites of Red-shouldered Spinetail, Synallaxis hellmayri.---C.G.S.

{B716} Moali, A., D. Ait Sidhoum, & P. Isenmann. 1997. [Breeding data concerning the Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator in Algeria.] Alauda 65: 20--27. (Inst. Sci. de la Nature, Univ. Tizi Ouzou, DZ 15000 Tizi Ouzou, Algeria.)---64 nests; 86% located in olive trees. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B716} Moore, N. P., et al. 1997. The Peregrine Falco peregrinus in quarries: current status and factors influencing occupancy in the Republic of Ireland. Bird Study 44: 176--181. (Central Sci. Lab., MAFF, Sand Hutton, York YO4 1LZ, UK.)---Most of the 65 occupied quarries in the east; occupancy influenced mainly by cliff height.---D.W.

{B716} Salewski, V. 1997. Discovery of a nest of Puvel's Akalat Illadopsis puveli. Malimbus 19: 34--36. (Institut für Vogelforschung, An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.)---Apparently first description of nest; illustrated by photograph.---P.W.P.B.

{B716} Schaefer, R. R., & D. Saenz. 1998. Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity tree resin avoidance by southern flying squirrels. Wilson Bull. 110: 291--292. (Wildl. Habitat Silviculture Lab., South. Res. Stn., USDA For. Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA.)---Picoides borealis, Glaucomys volans, southern pines (Pinus spp.).

{B716} Tuttle, D. C., R. Stein, & G. Lester. 1997. Snowy Plover nesting on Eel River gravel bars, Humboldt County [California]. West. Birds 28: 174--176. (Dept. Public Works, Nat. Resour. Div., 1106 Second Street, Eureka, CA 95501, USA.)---4 nests of Charadrius alexandrinus discovered in atypical nesting habitat.---K.C.M.

{B716} van der Kooij, H. 1995. [Does Red Fox Vulpes vulpes get Purple Heron Ardea purpurea into a tight spot?] Limosa 68: 137--142. (Groenendaal 8, 4041 XX Kesteren, Netherlands.)---Herons nested higher after foxes settled near colonies. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B718} Barba, E., J. A. López, & J. A. Gil-Delgado. 1996. Prey preparation by adult Great Tits Parus major feeding nestlings. Ibis 138: 532--538. (Unidad de Ecol., Univ. de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.)---Increases with prey size and decreases with nestling age.---J.V.B.

{B718} Bjørnstad, G., & J. T. Lifjeld. 1996. Male parental care promotes early fledging in an open-nester, the Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus. Ibis 138: 229--235. (Zool. Mus., Univ. Oslo, Sars gate 1, N--0562 Oslo, Norway.)

{B718} Borello, W. D. 1997. A note on Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres parental and juvenile behaviour at Mannyelanong, south-eastern Botswana. Babbler 32: 34--35. (P. O. Box 603, Gaborone, Botswana.)---Adult fed juvenile away from actual nest site---N.J.S.

{B718} Bruun, M., M. I. Sandell*, & H. G. Smith. 1997. Polygynous male Starlings allocate parental effort according to relative hatching date. Anim. Behav. 54: 73--79. (Ecol. Bldg, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.)---Sturnus vulgaris.

{B718} Cottaar, F. 1992. [Female Herring Gull Larus argentatus feeds one year old juvenile at breeding territory.] Limosa 65: 74. (Marsstraat 1, 2024 GA Haarlem, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{B718} Ford, H. A. 1998. Biparental care in the Brown Honeyeater Lichmera indistincta. Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 308--309. (Div. Zool., Univ. New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.)---Both male and female shared feeding load equally, contrary to earlier literature reports.---I.D.E

{B718} Gende, S. M., & M. F. Willson. 1997. Supplemental feeding experiments of nesting Bald Eagles in southeastern Alaska. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 590--601. (For. Sci. Lab., 2770 Sherwood Ln., Juneau, AK 99801, USA.)---Feeding salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, to Haliaeetus leucocephalus for 7 wk had little effect on brood reduction and number of chicks failing post-hatch.---R.A.I.

{B718} Green, D. J., & R. C. Ydenburg. 1994. Energetic expenditure of male Ospreys provisioning natural and manipulated broods. Ardea 82: 249--262. (Behav. Ecol. Res. Group, Dept. Biol. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ., Can. V5A 1S6.)---Male Pandion haliaetus did not respond to brood size manipulations, although daily energy expenditure increased linearly with unmanipulated brood size.---R.G.B.

{B718} Halkin, S. L. 1997. Nest-vicinity song exchanges may coordinate biparental care of Northern Cardinals. Anim. Behav. 54: 189--198. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Central Connecticut State Univ., New Britain, CT 06050-4010, USA.)---Cardinalis cardinalis.

{B718} Hofstetter, S. H., & G. Ritchison. 1998. The begging behavior of nestling Eastern Screech-Owls. Wilson Bull. 110: 86--92. (GR: Dept. Biol. Sci., Eastern Kentucky Univ., Richmond, KY 40475, USA; EM: gritchis@acs.eku.edu)---Behavior of adults and young at 9 Otus asio nests. Evidence of positive relationships between nestling hunger, intensity of begging, and likelihood of being fed.---J.J.Dos.

{B718} Kölliker, M., et al. 1998. Begging signals and biparental care: nestling choice between parental feeding locations. Anim. Behav. 55: 215--222. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Bern, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland.)---In experiments, female Parus major fed food-deprived nestlings more than males did.---A.K.T.

{B718} Lefevre, K., R. Montgomerie, & A. J. Gaston. 1998. Parent-offspring recognition in Thick-billed Murres (Aves: Alcidae). Anim. Behav. 55: 925--938. (Dept. Biol., Queens Univ., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Can.)---Development of call recognition in Uria lomvia parents and chicks.---A.K.T.

{B718} Leonard, M. L., et al. 1997. Parent-offspring recognition in Tree Swallows, Tachycineta bicolor. Anim. Behav. 54: 1107--1116. (Dept. Biol., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Can.)---Parents showed no recognition of nestlings but nestlings responded more to parental than non-parental calls.---A.K.T.

{B718} Lessells, C. M. 1998. A theoretical framework for sex-biased parental care. Anim. Behav. 56: 395--407. (NIOO, Boterhoeksestraat 22, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands.)

{B718} Marti, C., & C. Breitenmoser-Würsten. 1991. [Nestling diet and feeding frequency of Grey Wagtails Motacilla cinerea in the Saanenland (Bernese Oberland) [Switzerland].] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 265--285. (Schweiz. Vogelwarte, CH--6204 Sempach, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.)

{B718} Nicholls, P. 1998. Observations of adult Pallid Cuckoo feeding juveniles of the same species. Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 305--307. (12 Waterview Ave., Wynnum, Qld. 4178, Australia.)---Six independent occasions of Cuculus pallidus feeding conspecific young over 3 years with no other species nearby. Questions whether feeding is opportunistic or deliberate, if the young are offspring, and how post-fledging recognition could occur.---I.D.E.

{B718} Ploger, B. J. 1997. Does brood reduction provide nestling survivors with a food bonus? Anim. Behav. 54: 1063--1076. (Dept. Biol., Hamline Univ., 1536 Hewitt Ave., St. Paul, MN 55104-1284, USA.)---Pelecanus occidentalis parents brought less food to nest after brood reduction.---A.K.T.

{B718} Reinhardt, K. 1997. [Food and feeding of Antarctic skua chicks Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi and Catharacta maccormicki.] J. Ornithol. 138:199--213. (Friedrich-Schiller-Univ., Inst. f. Oekologie, Neugasse 23, D--07743 Jena, Germany.) (German, Engl. summ.)

{B718} Sjöberg, G. 1994. Factors affecting nest defence in female Canada Geese Branta canadensis. Ibis 136: 129--135. (Dept. Anim. Ecol., Univ. Umeå, S--90187 Umeå, Sweden.)---Effect of various characteristics of females and clutch size.---J.V.B.

{B718} Slagsvold, T. 1997. Brood division in birds in relation to offspring size: sibling rivalry and parental control. Anim. Behav. 54: 1357--1368. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Oslo, PO Box 1050, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.)---Both chicks and parents affect which parent feeds the smallest offspring in Turdus migratorius.---A.K.T.

{B718} Sockman, K. W. 1998. Nest attendance by male California Gnatcatchers. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 95--102. (Dept. Zool., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164, USA.)---Parental care examined seasonally and over the nest cycle in 107 Polioptila californica.---R.A.I.

{B718} Thoeni, B. 1997. [Parental expenditure for rearing nestlings by ravens Corvus corax.] J. Ornithol. 138: 315--324. (Univ. Tuebingen, Abt. Verhaltensphys., Beim Kupferhammer 8, D--72070 Tuebingen, Germany.)---Rearing more than one young is more efficient. (German, English summ.)---P.H.B.

{B720} Bachman, G. C., & M. A. Chappell. 1998. The energetic cost of begging behaviour in nestling House Wrens. Anim. Behav. 55: 1607--1618. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Manter Hall, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA.)---Troglodytes aedon.

{B720} Barrau, C., M. Clouet, & J. L. Goar. 1997. [Successful rearing of two young in a single brood of Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus in Ethiopia.] Alauda 65: 199--201. (58 chemin des Côtes de Pech David, F--31400 Toulouse, France.) (French, Engl. summ.)

{B720} Bustamante, J. 1994. Family break-up in Black and Red Kites Milvus migrans and Milvus milvus: is time of independence an offspring decision? Ibis 136: 176--184. (Nationalparkverwaltung Berchtesgaden, Doktorberg 6, D--8240 Berchtesgaden, Germany.)---Tested through experimental addition of food and transfer of nestlings among nests.---J.V.B.

{B720} Drummond, H., & C. Canales. 1998. Dominance between booby nestlings involves winner and loser effects. Anim. Behav. 55: 1669--1676. (Inst. Ecol., Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-275, 04510 DF, Mexico.)---Sula nebouxii.

{B720} Franklin, D. C., & T. A. Barnes. 1998. The downy young and juvenile of the Chestnut Rail, with notes on development. Corella 22: 64--66. (Bioregional Assessment Unit, Pks. Wildl. Comm. NT, P.O. Box 496, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia.)---Plumage and bare parts development of Eulabeornis castaneoventris from aviary-held birds. Juveniles separable from adults on bare parts colouration.---I.D.E.

{B720} Gebhardt-Henrich, S., & A. J. van Noordwijk. 1991. Nestling growth in the Great Tit. I. Heritability estimates under different environmental conditions. J. Evol. Biol. 4: 341--362. (Zool. Inst., Rheinsprung 9, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland).---Under good environmental conditions, fledging body size of Parus major is heritable, but under poor conditions, it is correlated with weight of unrelated foster parents.---W.E.T.

{B720} Iacovides, S., & R. M. Evans*. 1998. Begging as graded signals of need for food in young Ring-billed Gulls. Anim. Behav. 56: 79--85. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Can.)---Larus delawarensis.

{B720} Keller, L. F., & A. J. van Noordwijk. 1994. Effects of local environmental conditions on nestling growth in the Great Tit Parus major L. Ardea 82: 349--362. (Zool. Inst., Rheinsprung 9, CH--4051 Basel, Switzerland.)---Nestling growth is positively related to local food availability.---R.G.B.

{B720} Lotem, A. 1998. Differences in begging behaviour between Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica, nestlings. Anim. Behav. 55: 809--818. (Dept. Zool., Fac. Life. Sci., Tel-Aviv Univ., Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.).---Begging varied with experimentally manipulated brood size and nestling rank.---A.K.T.

{B720} Martins, T. L. F. 1997. Fledging in the Common Swift, Apus apus: weight-watching with a difference. Anim. Behav. 54: 99--108. (Dept. Biol. & Mol. Sci., Univ. Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.)---Young swifts improve flight efficiency by losing weight before fledging, reaching an optimal weight : wing length ratio.---A.K.T.

{B720} Nager, R. G., & P. Wiersma. 1996. Physiological adjustments to heat in Blue Tit Parus caeruleus nestlings from a Mediterranean habitat. Ardea 84: 115--125. (Ctr. Ecol. Fonct. Evol., Ctr. Nat. Rech. Scient., B.P. 5051, 34033 Montpellier Cedex 1, France.)---Metabolic rate at thermoneutrality is significantly lower than predicted from body mass, thus more similar to species from arid environments than from continental Europe.---R.G.B.

{B720} Platteeuw, M., K. Koffijberg, & W. Dubbeldam. 1995. Growth of Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis chicks in relation to brood size, age ranking and parental fishing effort. Ardea 83 (1): 235--245. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)

{B720} Weidinger, K. 1997. Variations in growth of Cape Petrel Daption capense chicks. J. Zool. 242: 193--207. (Dept. Zool., Charles Univ., Vinicná 7, CZ--128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic.)---Differences result from initial egg size, colony location, and degree of handling.---J.V.B.

{B900} Aspinall, S. 1997. Just how important is the UAE for visiting passerines? Emirates Bird Report 19: 127--129. (N.A.R.C., P. O. Box 45553, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.)

{B900} Beltzer A., H. 1991. Aspects of the breeding biology and the death rate of Butorides striatus (Aves: Ardeidae). Rev. Asoc. Cienc. Nat. Litoral 22(1): 35--40. (Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET) José Macía 1933-3016 Santo Tomé, Santa Fe, Argentina.)---Population dynamics.---C.G.S.

{B900} Conant, S., H. D. Pratt, & R. J. Shallenberger. 1998. Reflections on a 1975 expedition to the lost world of the Alaka'i and other notes on the natural history, systematics, and conservation of Kaua'i [Hawaiian Is.] birds. Wilson Bull. 110: 1--24. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Hawaii at Manoa, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; EM: conant@hawaii.edu)---Last observations and records of native avifauna. Introduced alien plants may affect avian feeding behavior.---J.J.Dos.

{B900} Lewartowski, Z. 1996. [Value of breeding avifauna in the Upper Narew River Valley and the need for its protection.] Zesz. Probl. Postepów Nauk Rolniczych 428: 123--139. (Ctr. Bird Study & Prot., PO Box 30, 17--230 Bialowieza, Poland.)---90 species endangered, including Crex crex, Acrocephalus paludicola, and Haliaeetus albicilla. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---J.P.

{B900} Mawson, P., & R. Johnstone. 1997. Conservation status of parrots and cockatoos in Western Australia. Eclectus 2: 4--9. (CALM, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Ctr., WA 6983, Australia.)

{B902} Mawson, P. 1997. A captive breeding program for Carnaby's Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris. Eclectus 3: 21--23. (CALM, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Ctr., WA 6983, Australia.)---Describes an innovative captive breeding program and the rehabilitation of damaged breeding hollows in the wild.---I.C.R.

{B902} Menkhorst, P. 1997. Trial release of captive-bred Orange-bellied Parrots in Victoria, July-October 1996. Eclectus 3: 17--21. (Dept. Nat. Res. Environ., P.O. Box 500, East Melbourne, Vic. 3002, Australia.)---6 radio-tagged Neophema chrysogaster released and tracked in Vic., Australia.---I.C.R.

{B902} Xingjie, X., et al. 1996. [Breeding ecology of Grus vipio under artificial conditions.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 175--176. (No address given).---White-naped Crane (Chinese).

{B904} Abbott, I. 1997. Counting cockatoos. Landscope 13 (2): 10--16. (CALM, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Ctr., WA 6983, Australia.)---Status of the Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii naso in south-western Australia.---I.C.R.

{B904} Bekhuis, J., F. van Binsbergen, & F. Niewold. 1992. [Help for Black Grouse too late?] Limosa 65: 75--76. (SOVON, Rijksstraatweg 178, 6573 DG Beek-Ubbergen, Netherlands.)---Tetrao tetrix population declined in Netherlands in 1976-1991. (Dutch)---R.G.B.

{B904} Blyth, J., & A. Burbidge. 1997. Report on an expedition to the western desert and eastern Pilbara areas [Western Australia] in search of the Night Parrot Pezoporus occidentalis. Eclectus 2: 25--30. (Wildl. Res.Ctr., CALM, P.O. Box 51, Wanneroo, WA 6065, Australia.)

{B904} Blyth, J., & A. Burbidge. 1997. What do we know about the Princess Parrot Polytelis alexandrae? Eclectus 3: 26--29. (Wildl. Res. Ctr., CALM, P.O. Box 51, Wanneroo, WA 6065, Australia.)---Reviews status of rarely seen desert species; best described as Data Deficient.---I.C.R.

{B904} Cade, T. J., et al. 1997. Are there enough good data to justify de-listing the American Peregrine Falcon? Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 730--738. (The Peregrine Fund, 566 W. Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709, USA.)---Authors question Pagel et al.’s proposition (Wildl. Soc. Bull. 24: 429--435) that data do not support delisting Falco peregrinus anatum.---W.P.J.

{B904} Carrie, N. R., et al. 1998. Influence of cavity availability of Red-cockaded Woodpecker group size. Wilson Bull. 110: 93--99. (Environ. Nat. Resour. Manage. Div., 1919 23rd St., Ft. Polk, LA 71459-5512, USA; EM: rdcarrie@aol.com)---Picoides borealis.

{B904} Clugston, B. 1996. Trial survey of Red-tailed Black-Cockatoos in Victoria and South Australia. Eclectus 1: 4. (Dept. Nat. Resour. Environ., P.O. Box 201, Stawell, Vic. 3380, Australia.)---Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne.

{B904} Collar, N. J. 1998. Little-known Oriental bird: Luzon Water Redstart Rhyacornis bicolor. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 26--28. (Bird Life Internatl., Wellbrook Ct., Girton Rd., Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK.)---Ecology and conservation, including details of specimens from Mindoro.---T.M.B.

{B904} Curnutt, J.L., et al. 1998. Population dynamics of the endangered Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow. Anim. Conserv. 1: 11--21. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. Biol., Univ. Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996-1610, USA.)---Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis population declined by 58% over 1992--95. Recovery will require the restoration of a more natural water and fire regime in the southern Everglades, FL, USA.---T.M.B.

{B904} Doster, R. H., & D. A. James. 1998. Home range size and foraging habitat of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. Wilson Bull. 110: 110--117. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; EM: rhdd172@ahtd.state.ar.us)---Picoides borealis forages 95% of the time on shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). Home ranges in shortleaf pine habitats are smaller than those in other forest types.---J.J.Dos.

{B904} Elliott, G. 1996. What's new in Kakapo research and management? Eclectus 1: 4--5. (Dept. Conserv., P.O. Box 10-420, Wellington, New Zealand.)---Only 50 surviving Strigops habroptilus exist on 3 separate islands. All are radio-tagged and monitored closely. Breed once in 4-5 years. Population is aging and perhaps increasingly infertile.---I.C.R.

{B904} Foppen, R., & R. Reijnen. 1996. [The Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus in trouble: Africa involved?] Limosa 69: 51--56. (Inst. Bos-en Natuuronderzoek, Afd. Landschapsecol., P.O. Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.)---Decline due to poor survival, not poor breeding success. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B904} Hunt, G. R. 1996. Environmental variables associated with population patterns of the Kagu Rhynochetos jubatus of New Caledonia. Ibis 138: 778--785. (Dept. Ecol., Massey Univ., Palmerston North, NZ.)---Species now restricted to remote areas and on volcanic rock types.---J.V.B.

{B904} Jepson, P. 1996. Conservation of the Yellow-crested Cockatoo. Eclectus 1: 8--9. (Birdlife Int., P.O. Box 310\Boo, Bogor 16003, Jl. Achmad Yani 11, Bogor, Indonesia.)---Status and distribution of the four subspecies of Cacatua sulphurea.---I.C.R.

{B904} Johnstone, R. E. 1997. Current studies on three endemic Western Australian cockatoos. Eclectus 3: 34--35. (WA Museum, Francis St., Perth, WA 6000, Australia.)---Calyptorhynchus banksii naso, Calyptorhynchus baudinii, Cacatua pastinator pastinator.

{B904} Laing, S., & K. Morton. 1997. 1996 Raptor Round Up. Scott. Birds 19 (Raptor Round Up suppl.): 1--15, 19--20. (21 Regent Terr., Edinburgh EH7 5BT, UK.)---Breeding performance.---P.J.C.

{B904} Ma Ming. 1998. Xinjiang Ground-Jay in the Taklimakan Desert. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 47, 57--58. (Zool. Dept., Xinjiang Inst. Biol. Acad. Sinica, No. 4 Beijing Rd., Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.)---Records of Podoces biddulphi from Feb--Mar 1997, and measurements of 5 specimens.---T.M.B.

{B904} Oliarnyk, C., & J. Jones. 1997. Significant populations of Cerulean Warbler in eastern Ontario. Birders J. 6: 98--100. (Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Can.)---Population of Dendroica cerulea at northern limit of breeding range has highest reproductive rate and among highest densities known for the species; projects to assess habitat requirements and monitor population size described.---A.L.L.

{B904} Ottenwalder, J. A. 1997. [Present situation and conservation of the West Indian Whistling-Duck (Dendrocygna arborea) in the Dominican Republic.] El Pitirre 10(1): 2--10. (Proy. Biodiversidad GEF-PNUD/ONAPLAN, Apt. 1424, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.)---Populations declining due to development. (Spanish.)---R.B.C.

{B904} Paccagnella, S., R. Antonelli F., A. Lara, & P. Scherer N. 1994. Observacoes sobre Pipile jacuringa Spix, 1825 (Aves: Cracidae) no Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho, Sao Paulo, Brasil. [Observations of the Piping Guan in Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho, Sao Paulo, Brasil.] Iheringia Ser. Zool. 76: 29--32. (Sociedade de Pesquisa em Vida Sevagem e Educacao Ambiental, Rua Gutemberg, 345, 80420-030, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.)---Observations for a possible conservation plan.---C.G.S.

{B904} Pagel, J. E., & D. A. Bell. 1997. Reply to Cade et al. regarding de-listing the American Peregrine Falcon. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 739--742. (U.S. For. Serv., P.O. Box 520, Medford, OR 94118, USA.)---Response to Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 730--738; Falco peregrinus anatum.

{B904} Rasmussen, P. C. 1998. Rediscovery of an Indian enigma: the Forest Owlet. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 47, 50, 52. (Div. Birds, Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C. 20560, USA.)---Rediscovery of Athene blewetti in Nov 1997 at Shahada, India.---T.M.B.

{B904} Rosair, D. 1997. Polynesia: a dream realised. Birding World 10: 262--263. ([Incomplete address given] Kent, UK.)---Observations of Prosobonia cancellata, Mar 1997.---T.M.B.

{B904} Ryan, C. 1997. Observations on the breeding behaviour of the Takahe (Porphyrio mantelli) on Mana Island. Notornis 44: 233--240. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.)---This large, flightless New Zealand rail has been transferred to predator-free offshore islands where adult survival rate is high but hatching success is low. No behaviour likely to result in low hatching success was observed.---E.O.M.

{B904} Ryan, C. J., & I. G. Jamieson. 1998. Estimating the home range and carrying capacity for Takahe (Porphyrio mantelli) on predator-free offshore islands: implications for future management. N. Z. J. Ecol. 22: 17--24. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.)---Takahe translocated to Mana Island, New Zealand had average home range sizes of 2.8 ha.---E.O.M.

{B904} Sogge, M. K., T. J. Tibbitts, & J. R. Petterson. 1997. Status and breeding ecology of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher in the Grand Canyon. West. Birds 28: 142--157. (USGS/BRD, Colorado Plateau Res. Stn., P.O. Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.)---Small population size and low productivity characterize this Arizona population of Empidonax trailli extimus.---K.C.M.

{B904} Sykes, P. W., Jr., & M. H. Clench. 1998. Winter habitat of Kirtland's Warbler: An endangered nearctic/neotropical migrant. Wilson Bull. 110: 244--261. (USGS, Patuxent Wildl. Res. Ctr., Warnell Sch. For. Resour., Univ. Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2152, USA; EM: Paul_Sykes@usgs.gov)---Dendroica kirtlandii over-winters in upland habitats in the Bahama Archipelago.---J.J.Dos.

{B904} Weinrich, J. 1996. Status of Kirtland’s Warbler: 1995. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 3: 149--154. (Incomplete address given.)---Annual census of endangered Dendroica kirtlandii.---J.A.C.

{B906} Anon. 1997. Action plan for the world's parrots. Eclectus 2: 13--21. Summarizes outline of plan to be published in IUCN's Action Plan series.---I.C.R.

{B906} Cronin, M. A. 1997. Systematics, taxonomy, and the endangered species act: the example of the California Gnatcatcher. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 661--666. (LGL Alaska Res. Associates, 4175 Tudor Ctr. Dr., Suite 202, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.)---Polioptila californica.

{B906} Green, T. 1997. The Kaka research programme. Eclectus 3: 14--17. (Dept. Conserv., Private Bag 6890, Newton, Auckland, NZ.---Nestor meridionalis.

{B906} Harding, S. 1998. Moreton Bay---conservation and management of a wetland. Stilt 32: 45--46. (336 Prout Rd., Burbank, Qld. 4156, Australia.)---Description and planning criteria for Ramsar site.---I.D.E.

{B908} Ballasus, H., & R. Sossinka. 1997. [The impact of power lines on field selection and grazing intensity of wintering White-fronted- and Bean Geese Anser albifrons, Anser fabalis.] J. Ornithol. 138: 215--228. (Univ. Bielefeld, Fakultaet f. Biologie, Verhaltensforschung, Postfach 100131, D--33501 Bielefeld, Germany.)---Reduced grazing levels. (German, Engl. summ.)---P.H.B.

{B908} Bierregaard, Jr., R., & T. Lovejoy. 1989. Effects of forest fragmentation on Amazonian understory bird communites. Acta Amazonica 19: 215--241. (WWF, 1250 24th St. NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA.)---Insectivorous birds.---C.G.S.

{B908} Brenot, J. F., M. Catusse, & E. Menoni. 1996. [Effects of a cross-country ski station on an important Capercaillie population.] Alauda 64: 249--260. (O.N.F., C.N.E.R.A.F.M., Stn. des Pyrénées, B.P. 34, F--31801 Saint-Gaudens Cedex, France.)---Tetrao urogallus; 130 birds in 1988 when station opened, only 60 in 1995. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B908} Briggs, S. V., W. G.Lawler, & S. A. Thornton. 1998. Relationships between control of water regimes in River Red Gum wetlands and abundance of water birds. Corella 22: 47--55. (c/o CSIRO, P.O. Box 84, Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia.)---6 species show relationships which depended on stage of flood cycle. Abundance of most species is related to habitat factors other than hydrologic control.---I.D.E.

{B908} Coldren, C. L. 1998. The effects of habitat fragmentation on the Golden-cheeked Warbler. Ph.D. dissert. Texas A&M Univ., College Station. (Shepherd Miller Inc., 3801 Automation Way, Suite 100, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA; EM: ccoldren@shepmill.com)---Land uses and edge affected patch occupancy, pairing success, and reproductive success in Dendroica chrysoparia.---C.L.C.

{B908} Davis, W. E., Jr. 1997. Forest-powerline edges, clearcutting, and bird communities. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 144--147. (C/O BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)

{B908} Kilgo, J. C., et al. 1997. Landscape influences on breeding bird communities in hardwood fragments in South Carolina. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 878--885. (Savannah River Inst., P.O. Box 710, New Ellenton, SC 29809, USA)---Cardinalis cardinalis, Hylocichla mustelina, Baeolophus bicolor, Piranga rubra, Seiurus aurocapillus, Thryothorus ludovicianus, Vireo olivaceus.

{B908} Lens, L., & A. A. Dhondt. 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the timing of Crested Tit Parus cristatus natal dispersal. Ibis 136: 147--152. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Antwerp, U.I.A., Universiteitsplein I, B--2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.)---Delayed dispersal.---J.V.B.

{B908} Meire, P. M. 1996. Feeding behaviour of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus during a period of tidal manipulations. Ardea 84 A: 509--524. (Inst. Nat. Conserv., Min. Flemish Comm., Kliniekstraat 25, B1070 Brussels, Belgium.)---Closing the Oosterschelde for 6 days did not affect numbers of birds, but may have impaired their condition.---R.G.B.

{B908} Menoni, E., M. Levet, & P. Landry. 1996. [Mapping of Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus habitat in France. Effect of its fragmentation on a Pyrenean population.] Alauda 64: 239--248. (O.N.F., C.N.E.R.A.F.M., Stn. des Pyrénées, B.P. 34, F--31801 Saint-Gaudens Cedex, France.)---Density and size of the leks and density of displaying cocks related to forest fragmentation. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B908} Moller, H., et al. 1998. Lagomorph abundance around Yellow-eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) colonies, South Island, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Ecol. 22: 65--70. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.)---Reduced stock grazing may allow grass to grow longer, reducing rabbit and hare abundance, and hence the number of small mammal predators of both lagomorphs and penguins. This might reduce predation on penguin chicks.---E.O.M.

{B908} Recher, H. F. 1997. Impact of wildfire on the avifauna of Kings Park, Perth, Western Australia. Wildl. Res. 24: 745--761. (Dept. Environ. Manage., Edith Cowan Univ., Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.)---A 1989 fire burnt most of a transect on which birds had been censussed since 1928. Post-fire observations indicate a slow recovery for 38% of species present in 1986.---M.G.B.

{B908} Sewell, S. R., & C. P. Catterall. 1998. Bushland modification and styles of urban development: their effects on birds in south-east Queensland. Wildl. Res. 25: 41--63. (Fac. Environ. Sci., Griffith Univ., Nathan, Qld. 4111, Australia.)---Effects of forest clearing and urbanization were studied with bird counts in six habitats, ranging from large remnants to bare suburban. Urbanization lowered species richness. While suburbs with retained or planted trees had high diversity and abundances for some species, especially large nectarivores, forest remnants were essential for most species of small insectivores.---M.G.B.

{B908} Tamisier, A. 1997. [Barcarin bridge, a threat for the Camargue and birds.] Alauda 65: 47--52. (CEFE - CNRS, le Sambuc, F--13200 Arles, France.)

{B908} Twedt, D. J., & J. Portwood. 1997. Bottomland hardwood reforestation for neotropical migratory birds: are we missing the forest for the trees? Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 647--652. (USGS/BRD, Natl. Wetlands Res. Ctr., Miss. Valley Res. Field Stn., 2524 S. Frontage Rd., Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.)---Planting a combination of fast growing tree species and oaks, Quercus spp., is recommended over the planting of oaks alone.---W.P.J.

{B908} van der Meer J., R. N. M. Duin, & P. L. Meininger. 1996. Statistical analysis of long-term monthly Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus counts. Ardea 84 A: 39--55. (NIOZ, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---After hydrotechnical works in the Dutch delta were completed in 1983, 17% of intertidal flats were lost, winter and spring numbers decreased, and summer and autumn numbers increased.---R.G.B.

{B910} Barnes, R., & T. Brooks. 1997. The Taita Hills, Kenya. Birding World 10: 437--438. (4 Claremont Dr., Leeds LS6 4ED, Yorkshire, UK.)---Conservation of the 3 endemic birds of the region, Turdus helleri, Zosterops poliogaster silvanus and Apalis thoracica fuscigularis.---T.M.B.

{B910} Bukenhofer, G. A., J. C. Neal, & W. G. Montague. 1994. Renewal and Recovery: Shortleaf pine/bluestem grass ecosystem and Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 48: 243--245. (Ouachita Natl. For., P.O. Box 2255, Waldron, AR 72958, USA.)---Picoides borealis.

{B910} Camp, R. J., D. T. Sinton, & R. L. Knight. 1997. Viewsheds: a complementary management approach to buffer zones. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 612--615. (Dept. Fish. Wildl. Biol., Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA.)---Recommend management that takes into account the area visible from the nest site; Aquila chrysaetos.---W.P.J.

{B910} Conner, R. N., et al. 1998. Southern pine beetle-induced mortality of pines with natural and artificial Red-Cockaded Woodpecker cavities in Texas. Wilson Bull. 110: 100--109. (Wildl. Habitat Silviculture Lab., South. Res. Stn., USDA For. Serv., Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA; EM: C_ConnorNR@titan.sfasu.edu)---Rates of Dendroctonus frontalis infestation and killing of loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (Pinus echinata) pine trees did not differ significantly between trees containing natural versus artificial cavities for Picoides borealis.---J.J.Dos.

{B910} Dans, P. 1996. The changing face of Penguin Island. Landscope 12 (2): 28--35. (CALM, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Ctr., WA 6983, Australia.)---Describes changes to, and management of, largest colony of Little Penguins Eudyptula minor on the west coast of Australia.---I.C.R.

{B910} Eckert, C. D. 1997. High densities of Three-toed Woodpeckers in southwestern Yukon. Birders J. 6: 75. (1402 Elm St., Whitehorse, YT Y1A 4B6, Can.)---Densities of Picoides tridactylus on transects apparently correlated with spruce bark beetle infestation. Since infested forests may be important for conservation of this bird species, clear-cutting is inappropriate response to infestation.---A.L.L.

{B910} Edwards, P. J. 1998. Conservation in Cambodia. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 29--33. (Xenus Ecol., 1 The Court, Lanwades Business Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7PN, UK.)---Potential designation of 23 protected areas and 3 RAMSAR sites could protect important species including Leptoptilos dubius, Leptoptilos javanicus, Mycteria cinerea, Pelecanus philippensis, Cairina scutulata and Tringa guttifer.---T.M.B.

{B910} Gawlik, D. E., & D. A. Rocque. 1998. Avian communities in bayheads, willowheads, and sawgrass marshes of the central Everglades. Wilson Bull. 110: 45--55. (Everglades Systems Res. Div., S. Florida Water Manage. Dist., 3301 Gun Club Rd., West Palm Beach, FL 33406, USA.)---Also covers importance of landscape matrix restoration to conservation of avian diversity.---J.J.Dos.

{B910} Kazmierczak, K., et al. 1998. Birdwatching areas: Harike Bird Sanctuary, Punjab State, India. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 42--46. (9 Norwich Rd., Northwood, Middlesex HA6 1ND, UK.)---Important locality for species including Rynchops albicollis, Columba eversmanni, Chaetornis striatus and Prinia burnesii.---T.M.B.

{B910} Nijland, F., A. Timmerman Azn., & U. Hosper. 1996. [Breeding populations of meadow birds on cultivated land in the Dutch province of Friesland and the significance of grassland reserves.] Limosa 69: 57--66. (Emmakade 107, 8291 AH Leeuwarden, Netherlands.)---Reserves essential in protecting meadow birds, especially Gallinago gallinago and Philomachus pugnax. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B910} Nott, M.P., et al. 1998. Water levels, rapid vegetational changes, and the endangered Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow. Anim. Conserv. 1: 23--32. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. Biol., Univ. Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996-1610, USA.)---Artificially high water levels in the southern Everglades, FL, USA, are the main cause of recent population declines in Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis.---T.M.B.

{B910} Oren, D. 1992. Conservaçao da naturaleza na Amazonia brasileira: uma orientacao sobre prioridades baseada em aves. [Nature conservation in Brasilian Amazonia: priorities based on birds.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8: 259--268. (Depto. Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, CEP 66.040 Belém, PA., Brazil.)---Habitat protection for endemic, threatened, and restricted range birds.---C.G.S.

{B910} Roxby, M. 1997. Tiritiri Matangi Island, New Zealand. Birding World 10: 439--440. ([Incomplete address given] Durham, UK.)---Conservation of New Zealand endemic birds in the Hauraki Gulf Maritime Park, off the Whangaparaoa Peninsula, North Island.---T.M.B.

{B910} Straube, F. 1990. Conservaçao de aves no litoral-sul do Estado de Paraná (Brasil). [Bird conservation in Paraná {Brazil}]. Arq. Biol. Tecnol. 33: 159-173. (Museu de Hist. Nat. "Capao da Imbuia", Rua Benedito Conceicao, 407-Curitiba/PR. 82.500. SPVS-Sociedad de Pesquisa em Vida Selvagem e Educacao Ambiental Rua Comendador Araujo, 747-Curitiba/PR 80.420, Brazil.)---Habitat destruction is a serious threat for local species.---C.G.S.

{B910} van der Have, T., & V. van den Berk. 1994. [The Mediterranean migration route network of wetlands for waterbirds.] Limosa 67: 159--162. (Stichting WIWO, Driebergseweg 16c, 3708 JB Zeist, Netherlands.)---Review of projects of Foundation Working Group of the International Waterbird and Wetland Research in Mediterranean region. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B912} Anon. 1997. A trial management program for the Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii) in the Northern Territory of Australia (Draft Only). Eclectus 2: 18--22. (Parks & Wildl. Comm. NT, P.O. Box 496, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia.)

{B912} Brereton, R. 1997. An update of the Swift Parrot Recovery Plan. Eclectus 2: 30--33. (Parks & Wildl. Serv., G.P.O. Box 44A, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.)---Lathamus discolor.

{B912} Burbidge, A. 1996. Western Ground Parrot recovery efforts. Eclectus 1: 2--3. (Wildl. Res. Ctr., CALM, P.O. Box 51, Wanneroo, WA 6065, Australia.)---Pezoporus wallicus flaviventris.

{B912} Colbourne, R. M., & H. A. Robertson. 1997. Successful translocations of Little Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx owenii) between offshore islands of New Zealand. Notornis 44: 253--258. (Sci. Res. Div., Dept. Conserv., P.O. Box 10420, Wellington, New Zealand.)---Viable populations have been established on 5 islands. The annual population growth rates on four islands were estimated at 4--11%. The species now comprises ca. 1100 individuals.---E.O.M.

{B912} Daniels, R. J. R. 1996. Landscape ecology and conservation of birds in the Western Ghats, south India. Ibis 138: 64--69. (M.S. Swaminatham Res. Found., 3rd Cross St., Taramani Inst. Area, Madras, India 600 113.)---76% of local avifauna could be protected through use of landscape ecology approach to selecting areas to reserve.---J.V.B.

{B912} Garnett, S., & G. Crowley. 1997. Recovery Plan for the Golden-shouldered Parrot. Eclectus 2: 35--40. (Dept. Environ. & Heritage, P.O. Box 2066, Cairns, Qld. 4870, Australia.)---Reviews status after completion of research on Psephotus chrysopterygius.---I.C.R.

{B912} Garnett, S., & G.Crowley. 1997. Saving the Glossy Black-Cockatoo---a community initiative. Eclectus 2: 9--12. (Dept. Environ. & Heritage, P.O. Box 2066, Cairns, Qld. 4870, Australia.)---Describes the problems facing the conservation of endangered Calyptorhynchus lathami on Kangaroo Island, South Australia.---I.C.R.

{B912} Gelinaud, G., O. Combreau, & P. J. Seddon. 1997. First breeding by captive bred Houbara Bustards introduced in central Saudi Arabia. J. Arid. Environ. 35: 527--534. (3 r. Le Hellec. 56000 Vannes, France.)---Chlamydotis undulata.

{B912} Grant, A. D., et al. 1997. Mortality, distribution, numbers and conservation of the Chatham Island Pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae chathamensis). Notornis 44: 65--77. (Canterbury Conserv., Dept. Conserv., Priv. Bag, Christchurch, New Zealand.)---About 80 individuals of this subspecies exist, all on Chatham Island, New Zealand. Their long-term recovery depends on removing livestock from forest reserves, keeping possums and feral cats at low levels, and establishing a second population on neighbouring Pitt Island.---E.O.M.

{B912} Guldemond, J. A., M. C. S. Romero, & P. Terwan. 1995. [Meadow birds, water tables and nest protection: ten years of research on Lapwing Vanellus vanellus, Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa and Redshank Tringa totanus.] Limosa 68: 89--96. (IPO-DLO, P.O. Box 9060, 6700 GW Wageningen, Netherlands.)---Nest protection is an important tool for conservation in areas with dairy farming. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{B912} Holdsworth, M. 1996. International effort to save the Ouvea Parakeet. Eclectus 1: 7--8. (Parks & Wildl. Serv., G.P.O. Box 44A, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.)---Population of Eunymphicus cornutus uvaensis less than 600 on Ouvea Is., New Caledonia. 5-yr recovery plan.---I.C.R.

{B912} Holdsworth, M., & S. Bryant. 1997. The meeting of the Ouvea Parakeet Interim Recovery Team. Eclectus 2: 33--35. (Parks & Wildl. Serv., G.P.O. Box 44A, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.)---Eunymphicus cornutus uvaensis.

{B912} Komdeur, J. 1996. Breeding of the Seychelles Magpie Robin Copsychus sechellarum and implications for its conservation. Ibis 138: 485--498. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Population increased to 47 individuals from a low of 17-21 birds in 1977-79 by eradication of cats, supplemental feeding, and provision of nest boxes.---J.V.B.

{B912} Montague, W. G. 1995. Cavity protection techniques for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 49: 115--120. (Ouachita Natl. For., P. O. Box 2255, Waldron, AR 72958, USA.)---Picoides borealis.

{B912} Navarro, J. L., M. B. Martella, & M. B. Cabrera. 1998. Fertility of Greater Rhea orphan eggs: conservation and management implications. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 117--120. (Ctr. Zool. Apl., Univ. Nac. Córdoba, C. C. 122, Córdoba 5000, Argentina.)---Embryo development in 38% of artificially incubated Rhea americana eggs; 20% hatched.---R.A.I.

{B912} Recorbet, B., & G. Bonaccorsi. 1996. [Creation and experimental use of shelters for Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii chicks.] Alauda 64: 333--338. (DIREN, 19 cours Napoléon, B.P. 334, F--20180 Ajaccio Cedex, France.)---Photos, plan and results. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{B912} Romer, L., & I. Gynther. 1997. Coxen's Fig-Parrot recovery program. Eclectus 3: 40--43. (Currumbin Sanctuary, 28 Tomewin St., Currumbin, Qld. 4223, Australia.)---Cyclopsitta diophthalma.

{B912} Sarrazin, F., et al. 1996. Breeding biology during establishment of a reintroduced Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus population. Ibis 138: 315--325. (Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Lab. d'Écol., CNRS-URA 258., Bat. A, 7e étage, 7 quai Saint Bernard, Case 237, F--75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.)

{B912} Sharp, B. E. 1996. Post-release survival of oiled, cleaned seabirds in North America. Ibis 138: 222--228. (Ecol. Perspectives, 2234 NE 9th Ave., Portland, OR 97212, USA.)---Very low; cost and effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts for oiled seabirds are questionable.---J.V.B.

{B912} van Eerden, M. R., K. Koffijberg, & M. Platteeuw. 1995. Riding the crest of the wave: possibilities and limitations for a thriving population of migratory Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in man-dominated wetlands. Ardea 83 (1): 1--9. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Overview of recovery of Cormorants in Europe after taking protective measures, and apparent conflicts with human interests.---R.G.B.

{B914} Ahmed, A. 1998. Some observations of the Green Avadavat in the Indian bird trade. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 21--25. (WWF-India Secretariat, 172 B-Lodi Estate, New Delhi-110003, India.)---Field and market surveys of Amandava formosa since 1992 indicate that the species is seriously threatened.---T.M.B.

{B914} Bo, D., et al. 1996. [Investigation on ornamental bird market in Chengdu.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 29--31. (No address given). (Chinese).

{B914} Carr, P. 1998. Notes on the trade of large waterbirds for food in Cambodia. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 47, 49--50. (Public Relations, Headquarters Royal Marines, Whale Is., Portsmouth, PO2 8DX, UK.)---Field and market surveys 1993--94 revealed high levels of exploitation of 8 species including Leptoptilos dubius, Leptoptilos javanicus and Pelecanus philippensis.---T.M.B.

{B914} Garnett, S. 1997. Comments on draft proposal to harvest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoos in the Northern Territory. Eclectus 2: 21--24. (Dept. Environ. & Heritage, P.O. Box 2066, Cairns, Qld. 4870, Australia.)---Calyptorhynchus banksii; response to draft outlined in Eclectus 1: 18-22.---I.C.R.

{B914} Shenglin, L., et al. 1996. [Reproduction and economic benefit of Melopsittacus undulatus in Qingdao City.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 32--33. (No address given).---Budgerigar (Chinese).

{B916} Lilliendahl, K. 1998. Yellowhammers get fatter in the presence of a predator. Anim. Behav. 55: 1335--1340. (Mar. Res. Inst., Skulagata 4, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.)---Emberiza citrinella.

{C100} Singleton, D. R., & R. G. Harper. 1998. Bacteria in old House Wren nests. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 71--74. (Dept. Biol., Illinois Wesleyan Univ., Bloomington, IL 61702-2900, USA.)---Document the presence of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus from randomly chosen bacterial colonies and Salmonella in 5 of 6 Troglodytes aedon nests.---R.A.I.

{C102} Brown, P. 1997. Psittacine Circoviral disease. Eclectus 2: 44--45. (Parks & Wildl. Serv., G.P.O. Box 44A, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.)---Discusses the occurrence of PCD in wild populations of Neophema chrysogaster, Platycercus caledonicus, Platycercus eximius, Glossopsitta concinna, and Cacatua sulphurea.---I.C.R.

{C102} Dégallier, N., et al. 1992. As aves como hospedeiras de arbovírus na Amazonia brasileira. [Birds as arbovirus hosts in Brasilian Amazonia.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8: 69--111. (ORSTOM a/c Inst. Evandro Chagas, C.P. 75, CEP 66.017-970 Belém, PA, Brazil.)---Ecological distribution of viruses is continuous in rain forest birds between 0--15 m.---C.G.S.

{C102} Hald, B., A. Olsen, & M. Madsen. 1998. Typhaea stercorea (Coleoptera: Mycetophagidae), a carrier of Salomella enterica serovar Infantis in a Danish broiler house. J. Econ. Entomol. 91: 660--664. (Min. Food, Agri., & Fish., Danish Vet. Lab., 2 Hangøvej, 8200 Aarhus N. Denmark.)---The hairy fungus beetle transmits the disease to young chicks.---R.G.T.

{C102} Hindman, L. J., et al. 1997. Avian cholera in Ospreys: First occurrence and possible mode of transmission. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 503--508. (MD Dept. Nat. Resour., P.O. Box 68, Wye Mills, MD 21679, USA.)---Pasteurella multocida isolated from 4 Pandion haliaetus may have come from ingestion of sick waterfowl or use of infected carcasses or bones as nest material.---R.A.I.

{C102} Macwhirter, P., & S. Ambrose. 1997. Introduction of exotic avian diseases through legal importation. Eclectus 3: 50--52. (128 Highbury Rd., Vic. 3125, Australia.)

{C102} Raidal, S. 1997. Psittacine Circoviral disease. Eclectus 3: 53. (Dept. Vet. Biol. & Biomed. Sci., Murdoch Univ., Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.)

{C104} Boulinier, T., & E. Danchin. 1993. Population trends in Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla colonies in relation to tick infestation. Ibis 138: 326--334. (Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Lab. d'Écol., CNRS-URA 258., Bat. A, 7e étage, 7 quai Saint Bernard, Case 237, F--75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.)---Ticks were denser and more prevalent in decreasing colonies than those with increasing populations.---J.V.B.

{C104} Draber-Monko, A. 1995--1996. Protocalliphora azurea (Fall.) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) and other insects found in nests of sparrows, Passer domesticus (L.) and Passer montanus (L.) in the vicinity of Warsaw. Intern. Stud. Sparrows 22--23: 3--10. (Mus. & Inst. Zool. PAS, Wilcza 64. 00--679 Warsaw, Poland.)

{C104} Dufva, R., & K. Allander. 1996. Variable effects of the Hen Flea Ceratophyllus gallinae on the breeding success of the Great Tit Parus major in relation to weather conditions. Ibis 138: 772--777. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavägen 9, S--752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---More noticeable in cooler years with more rainfall.---J.V.B.

{C104} Feare, C. J., & E. L. Gill. 1997. The life cycle of the tick Amblyomma loculosum in a Sooty Tern Sterna fuscata colony in the Seychelles. J. Zool. 241: 643--648. (2 North View Cottages, Grayswood Common, Haslemere, Surrey, GU27 2DN, UK.)---Life cycle of tick closely synchronized with that of its host.---J.V.B.

{C104} Forero, M. G., J. L. Tella, & A. Gajon. 1997. Absence of blood parasites in the Red-necked Nightjar. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 575--579. (Estn. Biol. Doñana, Avda. Maria Luisa s/n, Pabellón del Perú, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.)---Caprimulgus ruficollis.

{C104} Kedra, A.H., et al. 1996. The effects of the presence of fleas in nestboxes on fledglings of Pied Flycatchers and Great Tits. Acta Parasitol. 41: 211--213. (W. Stefanski, Inst. Parasitol. PAS, L. Pasteura 3, S.p. 153, 00--973 Warszawa, Poland.)---Ficedula hypoleuca and Parus major heavier in infested nests but wings and tarsi smaller in former species.---J.P.

{C104} Lainson, R. 1994. Observations on some avian coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in Amazonian Brazil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 89(3): 303--311. (Secao de Parasitología, Instituto Evandro Chagas C.P. 691, 66017-970 Belém, PA, Brasil.)---New species of Eimeria and Isospora parasites in tinamous and passerines.---C.G.S.

{C104} McNeil, R., M. T. Diaz, & A. Villeneuve. 1994. The mystery of shorebird over-summering: a new hypothesis. Ardea 82: 143--152. (Dept. Cienc. Biol., Univ. Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. "A", Montréal, Can. H3C 3J7.)---Over-summering may be related to trematode infestation.---R.G.B.

{C104} Messias C., A., R. Lainson, & J. Shaw. 1990. Eimeria vitelline n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Brazilian [=Channel-billed] Toucan, Ramphastos vitellinus vitellinus Lichtenstein (Aves: Piciformes: Ramphastidae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 85(2): 199-202. (Div. Parque Zoobotanico, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi C.P. 399, 66040 Belém, PA, Brasil.)

{C104} Miller, G. D., L. Couch, & D. W. Duszynski. 1993. Preliminary survey for coccidian parasites in the birds at Cape Bird, Ross Island [Antarctica]. Antarct. J. U. S. 28(5): 148. (Biol. Dept., Univ. New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131, USA.)---Examination of unsporulated oocysts suggests possible new species in fecal sample of Catharacta maccormicki. All samples from Pygoscelis adeliae negative.---L.K.B.

{C104} Møller, A. P. 1994. Parasites as an environmental component of reproduction in birds as exemplified by the Swallow Hirundo rustica. Ardea 82: 161--172. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavägen 9, S--752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Demonstrates large genotype-environment interaction under high levels of haematophagous mites.---R.G.B.

{C104} Morrison, R. 1996. Fly larvae in the nests of Adelaide Rosellas. Eclectus 1: 12. (Environ. Stud., Flinders Univ., Sturt Rd., Bedford Pk., SA 5042, Australia.)---Passeromyia sp., Platycercus elegans adelaidae.

{C104} Oniki, Y. 1995. Throchiliphagus austini sp. n. (Mallophaga, Trochiloecetidae) from Amazilia candida (Aves, Trochilidae) of Belize, with biological notes. Inheringia Ser. Zool. 78: 67--71. (Depto. Zoologia, UNESP, C.P. 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.)

{C104} Pinowski, J., K.-H. Hahm, & M. Barkowska. 1995--1996. The effect of ectoparasitism by the Blowfly Protocalliphora azurea (Diptera, Calliphoridae) on nestling Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus). Intern. Stud. Sparrows 22--23: 11--21. (Inst. Ecol. PAS, 05--092 Lomianki, Poland.)---Protocalliphora larvae slow nestling growth between 3 to 10 days and thereafter prevent decline in body mass characteristic of normal nestlings.---J.P.

{C104} Pinto, R., J. J. Vicente, & D. Noronha. 1994. Nematode parasites of Brazilian accipitrid and falconid birds (Falconiformes). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 89(3): 359--362. (Dept. Helmintologia, Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.)---Pathologies of 15 nematode species in raptors.---C.G.S.

{C104} Pinto, R., J. J. Vicente, & D. Noronha. 1996. Shynhimantus (Shynhimantus) magnipapillatus n. sp. (Nematoda, Acuarioidea) from the Yellow-crowned Night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea cayennensis (Gmelin) (Aves, Ardeidae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 91: 51--53. (D-Laboratório de Helmintos Parásitos de Vertebrados, Depto. Helmintologia, Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.).

{C104} Rékási, J., L. Rózsa, & B. J. Kiss. 1997. Patterns in the distribution of avian lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera). J. Avian Biol. 28: 150--156. (L. Rózsa, Dept. Parasitol. & Zool., Univ. Vet. Sci., H--1400 Budapest, PO Box 2, Hungary. EM: lrozsa@ns.univet.hu)---Frequency distributions of 15 lice species among five host species, plus 12 previously described distributions.---R.T.B.

{C104} Rózsa, L. 1997. [Interspecific comparison as a method in ornithology.] Túczok 2: 30--34. (Dept. Parasitol., Univ. Vet. Sci., Pf. 2, Budapest, H-1400, Hungary.)---Bird lice increase in abundance with avian body mass. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{C104} Senar, J. C., et al. 1994. Prevalence of louse%flies Diptera, Hippoboscidae parasiting a Cardueline Finch and its effect on body condition. Ardea 82: 157--160. (Mus. Zool., Ap. 593, 08080 Barcelona, Spain.)---Ornithoica turdi and Ornithoica avicularia on Serinus serinus.---R.G.B.

{C104} Swift, S. F. 1997. Two new Hawaiian bird mite (Acari) records. Bishop Mus. Occ. Pap. 49: 38--39. (Hawaii Biol. Surv., Bishop Mus., 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.)---New records for Pellonyssus reedi Zumpt & Patternson from nest of Padda oryzivora from Oahu and Laminalloptes phaethontis (Fabricius) from feathers of dead Phaethon rubricauda from Midway Atoll.---R.B.C.

{C104} Tella, J. L., et al. 1995. Apparent lack of effects on a high louse-fly infestation (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) on adult colonial Alpine Swifts. Ardea 83: 435--439. (Estación Biol. Doñana, CSIC, Avda. Ma Luisa s/n, Pabellón del Perú, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.)---High infestation rate of 74% in Apus melba without effect on body condition or probability of transmission of blood parasites.---R.G.B.

{C106} Eggenhuizen, T., & K. Breek. 1995. [Capture of one-legged Kestrel Falco tinnunculus.] Limosa 68: 119--120. (Laurierstraat 17, 1314 HL Almere, Netherlands.)---Despite handicap, molt and body mass were normal during month elapsed between capture and recovery. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C106} Maumary, L., L. Vallotton, & J. Lehmann. 1997. [Bill malformation in the Crossbill Loxia curvirostra.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 111. (Ancienne Poste 11, CH--1030 Bussigny, Switzerland.)---2 photos. (French.)

{C106} Minguez, E. 1996. [Incidence of foot/leg damage in Storm Petrels Hydrobates pelagicus in Cantabric, Spain.] Alauda 64: 449--450. (Soc. Oceanografia Guipuzcoa, c/Muelle, 34, E-20003 Donastia, Spain.) (French, Engl. summ.)

{C300} Hengeveld, R. 1993. [The invasion literature marches on.] Limosa 66: 53--60. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 9201, 6800 HB Arnhem, Netherlands.)---Review of theoretical aspects of invasion processes. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C302} Dunn, E. H. 1995. Checklist programs in North America: current status and future prospects. Ring 17: 117--122. (Can. Wild. Serv., Natl. Wildl. Res. Ctr., 100 Gamelin Blvd., Hull, PQ, K1A 0H3, Can.)

{C304} Borello, W. D. 1997. Comment on early records of flamingo breeding in Sua Pan, Makgadikgadi Pans, Botswana. Babbler 32: 41--43. (P. O. Box 603, Gaborone, Botswana.)---Phoenicopterus ruber, Phoenicopterus minor.

{C304} Borrow, N. 1997. Red-crested Bustard Eupodotis ruficrista and Adamawa Turtle Dove Streptopelia hypopyrrha, new to the Gambia, and sightings of Great Snipe Gallinago media. Malimbus 19: 36--38. (Flat 5, 63-67 St George's Dr., Pimlico, London SW1V 4DD, UK.)

{C304} Brewster, C. A. 1997. Influx of Larklike Buntings Emberiza impetuani into the Bobirwa area of eastern Botswana during 1996. Babbler 32: 24--25. (Private Bag 24, Bobonong, Botswana.)---After good local summer rainfall---N.J.S.

{C304} del Val, J. P., J. Castroviejo, & F. J. Purroy. 1997. Species rejected from and added to the avifauna of Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea). Malimbus 19:19--31. (? Estébanez Calderón 7, 5°D, 28020 Madrid, Spain.)---11 species added, 11 rejected as a result of field work between 1989 and 1994; bibliographic review.---P.W.P.B.

{C304} Dowsett-Lemaire, F., & R. J. Dowset. 1996. [Phylloscopus budongoensis and other highland species in Odzala forest (Congo).] Alauda 64: 364-367. (12 rue des lavandes, F--34190 Ganges, France.)---Also Smithornis sharpei, Apalis jacksoni. (French, Engl. summ.)

{C304} Fossé, A. 1997. [Yellow-billed Egret Egretta intermedia in Cameroon.] Malimbus 19: 38. (LPO-Anjou, 84 rue Blaise-Pascal, 49000 Angers, France.) (French.)

{C304} Krueger, O., & D. Johnson. 1996. Bird communities in Kyambura Game Reserve, southwest Uganda. Ibis 138: 564--567. (Dept. Zool., South Parks Rd., Univ. Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)

{C304} Oake, K., & S. J. Tyler. 1997. Some further observations of birds at Lake Ngami [Botswana]. Babbler 32: 29--31. (Room 106, D. A. H. P., Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, Botswana.)

{C304} Payne, R. B. 1997. The Mali Firefinch Lagonosticta virata in Senegal. Malimbus 19: 39--41. (Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.)--A 1966 specimen from SE Senegal first record for country.---P.W.P.B.

{C304} Sueur, F. 1996. [Ornithological observations in Madagascar.] Alauda 64: 435--442. (Le Bout des Crocs, F--80120 Saint-Quentin-en-Tourmont, France.)---45 species; first record of Calidris canutus. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C304} Tyler, S. J. 1997. A large gathering of Redfaced Mousebirds Urocolius indicus. Babbler 32: 37. (Room 106, D. A. H. P., Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, Botswana.)---More than 100 in tree group at Rakops, Botswana.---N.J.S.

{C304} Tyler, S. J., & J. M. S. Lewis. 1997. Terrestrial Bulbuls on the Limpopo at Oliphants Drift [Botswana]. Babbler 32: 36 (Room 106, D. A. H. P., Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, Botswana.)---Southern extension of range of Phyllastrephus terrestris by 100 km.---N.J.S.

{C304} van Beirs, M. 1997. Black-billed Barbet Lybius guifsobalito, new to Cameroon and W. Africa. Malimbus 19: 32. (Hertooiebos 36, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium.)---Two birds on 11 February 1993 at least 1800 km west of previously known range.---P.W.P.B.

{C304} Van den Brink, B. 1997. European Swallows Hirundo rustica in Botswana. Babbler 32: 32--33. (Zomedijk 86, 8079 T. L. Noordeinde, The Netherlands.)---Banding programme, largest roost 3,000,000 Swallows---N.J.S.

{C304} Weesie, P. D. M. 1996. [Aquatic birdlife in Sahelian Burkina Faso: winter capacity.] Alauda 64: 307--332. (Biol. Ctr., Rijksuniversiteit, Groningen, Postbus 14, NL--9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Numbers, density, and species diversity. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C304} Williams, E. 1997. Unusual records of Palaearctic warblers Sylviidae in Ivory Coast. Malimbus 19: 33--34. (6 Newbold Grove, Croxteth Country Pk. Estate, Liverpool L12 0NS, UK.)---Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Hippolais icterina, Hippolais pallida, Phylloscopus collybita, and Sylvia hortensis on 16-17 January 1995.---P.W.P.B.

{C308} Carter, M., et al. 1998. Response to comments by B.G. Totterman on Carter et al. (1997). Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 311--313. (30 Canadian Bay Rd., Mt Eliza, Vic. 3930, Australia.)---Concedes that Trans-Fly area has more of an Australasian avifauna than elsewhere in New Guinea but maintains that bias is towards New Guinean species.---I.D.E

{C308} Charley, D. L. 1998. Seabird Islands No. 237: Cook Island, New South Wales. Corella 22: 67--68. (13 Hurley St., Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.)---Describes islands, access limitations, seabird species and factors affecting their status.---I.D.E

{C308} Chatto, R. 1998. Seabird Islands No. 238: Higginson Islet, North-east Arnhemland, Northern Territory. Corella 22: 69--70. (Pks. Wildl. Comm. NT, P.O. Box 496, Palmerston, NT 0830, Australia.)---Describes islands, access limitations, seabird species and factors affecting their status.---I.D.E

{C308} Clifford, H. J., & D. A. Lawrie. 1997. New and rare bird records for Raoul Island. Notornis 44: 171--173. (11 Mayfair Ave., Chartwell, Hamilton, New Zealand.)---First records of Giant Petrel (Macronectes sp.), Blue Petrel (Halobaena caerulea) and Paradise Shelduck (Tadorna variegata) on Raoul Island, Kermedec Group, New Zealand.---E.O.M.

{C308} Collins, P., & R. Jessop. 1998. Wyndham---an important area for Sharp-tailed Sandpiper in the North West of Australia? Stilt 32: 41--44. (P.O. Box 97, Cowes, Vic. 3922, Australia.)---Internationally significant flock of Calidris acuminata plus other shorebirds, ducks and terns, possibly due to cyclonic rains overflowing alternate locations.---I.D.E

{C308} de Groot, H. 1997. Pelagic seabirds off Wollongong, Australia. Dutch Birding 19: 238--241. (Laan van Van der Gaag 31, 2627 BS Delft, Netherlands.)---Information on chumming, presence and abundance of seabirds and identification of albatrosses.---G.Sa.

{C308} Eastwood, C. 1996. A trip to Irian Jaya. Muruk 8: 12--23. (5 Forrest St., Geelong South, Vic. 3220, Australia.)---Lists 249 birds seen during 28 days of August 1995.---I.C.R.

{C308} Eastwood, C. 1996. Kavieng, Djaul Island and Mussau Island, New Ireland [Papua New Guinea]---a trip report. Muruk 8: 28--32. (5 Forrest St., Geelong South 3220, Australia.)---59 species seen, September 1996.---I.C.R.

{C308} Engelis, A., Jr., & R. E. Cole. 1995. Avifaunal observations from the Bishop Museum expedition to Mt. Dayman, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Bishop Mus. Occ. Pap. 52. 19 pp. (Ducks Unlimited Inc., 3074 Gold Canal Dr., Rancho Cordova, CA 95680, USA.)---Report of 79 specimens of 37 species with another 17 species seen in the Aqaun Valley; describes Crateroscelis robusta pratti subsp. nov.---R.B.C.

{C308} Franklin, D. 1996. A massive aggregation of Varied Lorikeet. Eclectus 1: 6--7. (Wildl. Res. Unit, Parks & Wildl. Comm. NT, P.O. Box 496, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia.)---Large numbers of Psitteuteles versicolor in Northwest Territory wet season.---I.C.R.

{C308} Gregory, P. 1996. Birding the Middle Sepik [Papua New Guinea]. Muruk 8: 24--27. (P.O. Box 69, Tabubil 332, Western Province, Papua New Guinea.)---70 spp. seen on 5-day river cruise in little-studied area.---I.C.R.

{C308} Gregory, P. 1996. The Middle Fly [Papua New Guinea] waterbird survey 1994-95. Muruk 8: 1--7. (P.O. Box 69, Tabubil 332, Western Province, Papua New Guinea.)---Surveys at end of dry season (58 species; 587,219 birds) and wet season (36 species; 54,915 birds) along 200 river miles of floodplain, by air, boat, and on foot; several landbird counts in appendices.---I.C.R.

{C308} Gregory, P. 1996. The New Guinea flightless rail (Megacrex inepta) in Gulf Province. Muruk 8: 36--37. (P.O. Box 69, Tabubil 332, Western Province, Papua New Guinea.)

{C308} Hines, M. 1997. Bird observations in the Cooloola National Park, October 19--26, 1996. Qld. Nat. 35: 64--65. (42 Pangeza St., Stafford Heights, Qld. 4053, Australia.)---SE Queensland, Australia; 55 species.---J.M.P.

{C308} Horton, H. 1995. Bird observations on Scawfell Island. Qld. Nat. 33: 116--123. (‘Diura’, Mt Nebo Rd., Jolly’s Lookout, Qld. 4520, Australia.)---E. Queensland, Australia; 46 species; includes details of nesting-mounds of Orange-footed Scrubfowl, Megapodius reinwardt.---J.M.P.

{C308} Jaensch, R. 1996. A Little Bittern (Ixobrychus minutus) at Chambri Lake, Middle Sepik wetlands [Papua New Guinea]. Muruk 8: 27--28. (Wetlands International-Oceania Program, G.P.O. Box 636, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.)

{C308} Lamont, D. 1997. Rainbow Lorikeets: an avian weed in the west. Eclectus 3: 30--34. (CALM, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Ctr., WA 6983, Australia.)---Exotic Trichoglossus haematodus has spread throughout Perth, WA, since 1968.---I.C.R.

{C308} Lamont, D., & A. Burbidge. 1996. Rainbow lorikeets: invaders in the suburbs. Landscope 12 (1): 17--21. (CALM, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Ctr., WA 6983, Australia.)---Since 1960, aviary-escaped Trichoglossus haematodus originating from eastern Australia have established and spread throughout suburban Perth, WA. May compete with indigenous hole-nesters and could become an orchard pest.---I.C.R.

{C308} Ley, A. 1996. Extensions to the known ranges of Mulga and Bourke's Parrots. Eclectus 1: 9--10. (19 Lynches Rd., Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.)---Psephotus varius and Neophema bourkii recorded in Diamantina National Park (Queensland, Australia), 200--300 km NW of previous known range.---I.C.R.

{C308} Marsh, N., & G. Lövei. 1997. The first confirmed breeding by the Nankeen Night Heron (Nycticorax caledonicus) in New Zealand. Notornis 44: 152--155. (Dept. Conserv., Priv. Bag 3016, Wanganui, New Zealand.)---At Whanganui National Park, North Island.---E.O.M.

{C308} O’Donnell, C. F. J., & J. A. West. 1998. Classified summarised notes, South Island and outlying islands, 1 July 1995--30 June 1996. Notornis 45: 1--30. (Dept. Conserv., Priv. Bag, Christchurch, New Zealand.)---Record of bird census counts, anecdotal observations of behaviour, and notes on New Zealand bird distribution.---E.O.M.

{C308} Parrish, R., & J. W. Lock. 1997. Classified summarised notes, North Island 1 July 1995 to 30 June 1996. Notornis 44: 79--109. (145 Church St., Whangarei, New Zealand.)---Record of bird census counts, anecdotal observations of behaviour, and notes on New Zealand bird distribution.---E.O.M.

{C308} Reid, T., & D.James. 1997. The Chatham Island Mollymawk (Diomedea eremita) in Australia. Notornis 44: 125--128. (Mar. Ecosystems Unit, Tas. Pks & Wildl. Serv., G.P.O. Box 44A, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.)---Second published record of this species in Australia.---E.O.M.

{C308} Robertson, C. J. R., et al. 1997. White-capped Albatross (Thalassarche steadi) breeding at Chatham Islands. Notornis 44: 156--158. (Sci. Res. Div., Dept. Conserv., P.O. Box 10420, Wellington, New Zealand.)---First records for Chatham Islands. Also known as Shy Albatross Diomedea cauta cauta.---E.O.M.

{C308} Safford, R., & F. Atwood. 1996. Nesting records from the Lakekamu Basin [Papua New Guinea]. Muruk 8: 8--12. (Royal Holloway Institute for Environmental Research, Virginia Water , Surrey GU25 4LN, UK.)---18 species (31 nests) found breeding Oct. 1994--Mar 1995.---I.C.R.

{C308} Tano, J. 1996. More new records from Ambua [Papua New Guinea], and a further sightings [sic] of a mystery bird. Muruk: 8: 37. (c/o Ambua Lodge, Trans-niugini Tours, P.O. Box 371, Mt. Hagen, Papua New Guinea.)---Phalacrocorax melanoleucos, Eulabeornis plumbeiventris, Melidestes megarhynchus, Monarchus melanopsis, Coracina boyeri.

{C308} Taylor, G. A. 1997. Seabirds found dead on New Zealand beaches in 1995. Notornis 44: 201--212. (50 Kingbourne St., Strathmore, Wellington, New Zealand.)---7625 dead seabirds of 55 species, including a large number of Australasian Gannets Morus serrator.---E.O.M.

{C308} Tennyson, A. 1997. First record of a Black-faced Monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) in New Zealand. Notornis 44: 267--269. (Mus. New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand.)---Caught by a cat in Stratford, Taranaki, North Island.---E.O.M.

{C308} Totterman, B. G. 1998. Birds of Boigu Island, Torres Strait: a comment on Carter et al. (1997). Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 310--311. (Empire Vale, via Ballina, NSW 2478, Australia.)---Disputes comment in prior paper that avifauna is more New Guinean than Australian.---I.D.E

{C310) Vittery, A. 1997. The winter status of Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus in northern Scotland. Scott. Bird Report 28: 72--74. (164 West Clyne Brora, Sutherland KW9 6NH, UK.)

{C310} Adriaens, P., & L. Bekaert. 1997. [Least Sandpiper at Gent in August 1996.] Dutch Birding 19: 217--221. (Keuzemeers 23, 9031 Drongen-Baarle, Belgium.)---First record of Calidris minutilla for Belgium. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---G.Sa.

{C310} Albanese, G., et al. 1997. Breeding of the Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber roseus in Apulia, S.E. Italy. Alauda 65: 202--204. (INFS, via Ca' Fornacetta 9, I--40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.)---First attempt 1995; in 1996, 107 young fledged.---G.O.

{C310} Beintema, A., H. Busink, & L. van den Bergh. 1993. [Wintering waterfowl in The Netherlands, 1967--89.] Limosa 66: 17--24. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 9201, 6800 HB Arnhem, Netherlands.)---Review of mid-winter counts. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Bijlsma R. G. 1994. [Establishment and growth of a population of Mandarin Ducks Aix galericulata.] Limosa 67: 173--174. (Doldersummerweg 1, 7983 LD Wapse, Netherlands.)---Trend in 1987--1994 and breeding biology of small population in central Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Boet, M., & M. Boet. 1996. [First breeding of the Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glandarius in the Alpes-Maritimes, S.E. France.] Alauda 64: 370--371. (51 bis Corniche Fleurie, T1, F--06200 Nice, France.) (French.)

{C310} Bonaccorsi, G., & G. Faggio. 1997. [Wintering of the Great Egret Egretta alba in Corsica.] Alauda 65: 105--106. (Immeuble Pietramarina, Toga, F--20200 Bastia, France.) (French.)

{C310} Brichetti, P., & G. Cherubini. 1996. [Breeding waterbird populations in Italy.] Avocetta 20: 85--86. (C.I.S.O., Via V. Veneto 30, 25029 Verolavecchia (BS), Italy.)---Numbers and distribution of 18 species during 1995. (Italian, Engl. summ.)---A.S.

{C310} Brouwer, R. E., R. A. C. Halff, & N. Harder. 1997. [Black-throated Thrush at Den Helder in January--March 1996.] Dutch Birding 19: 269--272. (Dorpsweg 22a, 1759 GH Callantsoog, Netherlands.)---Third record of Turdus ruficollis atrogularis for the Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---G.Sa.

{C310} Brugière, D. 1996. [Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis in the Massif Central, central-southern France.] Alauda 64: 389--395. (39 rue Sidi Brahim, F--03200 Vichy, France.) (French, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Bryant, J. 1997. Population trends of American vagrants. Birding World 10: 340--349. ([Incomplete address given] Surrey, UK.)---Tentative correspondence between population trends of N. American birds, revealed by the Breeding Bird Survey, and patterns of vagrancy to the UK.---T.M.B.

{C310} Caldonazzi, M., et al. 1996. [Birds of Adamello-Brenta Natural Park (Central-Western Alps).] Avocetta 20: 52--59. (Azienda Reg. Foreste, Via I. Nievo 2, 37128 Verona, Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Cambrony, M., & Y. Aleman. 1996. [Confirmation of the breeding of the Purple Gallinule Porphyrio porphyrio in the Pyrénées-Orientales, S.E. France.] Alauda 64: 443--445. (G.O.R., B.P. 7057, F--66070 Perpignan Cedex, France.)---First breeding 1996. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C310} Camphuysen, C. J. 1995. [Sooty and Manx shearwaters in the southern North Sea: an offshore perspective.] Limosa 68: 1--9. (NIOZ, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---From August to October 2300 Puffinus griseus and 1700 Puffinus puffinus in southern North Sea, mainly in small area off English east coast. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Caniot, P. 1996. [Breeding of the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos in the département of Ariège (France). 1992--1995.] Alauda 64: 187--194. (Nat. Midi-Pyrénées, 14 rue de Tivoli, F--31068 Toulouse Cedex, France.)---Stable population of 17 nesting pairs over 1560 sq km. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C310} Clark, H., & R. M. Sellers. 1997. Distribution and abundance of Twites wintering in Caithness [Scotland]. Scott. Birds 19: 1--9. (3 Lindsay Place, Wick, Caithness KW1 4PF, UK.)---Carduelis flavirostris.

{C310} Cleeves, T. 1998. The Slender-billed Curlew in Northumberland---a new British bird. Birding World 11: 181--191. ([Incomplete address given] Northumberland, UK.)---1^st UK record of Numenius tenuirostris, with detailed discussion of identification.---T.M.B.

{C310} Cornulier, T. de, et al. 1997. [Range and habitat expansion of the Bluethroat Luscinia svecica in west-central France.] Alauda 65: 1--6. (GODS, Hôtel Vie Associative, Place Joseph Cugnot, F--79000 Niort, France.)---In fields of rape Brassica napus oleifera. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C310} Corso, A. 1997. Balearic Woodchat Shrikes in Britain. Birding World 10: 152--153. ([Incomplete address given] Italy.)---Status and identification of Lanius senator badius in the UK.---T.M.B.

{C310} Crewe, M., & M. Marsh. 1997. The Spectacled Warbler in Suffolk. Birding World 10: 138--139. ([Incomplete address given] Suffolk, UK.)---Sylvia conspicillata at Landguard Point, Apr 1997, 2^nd UK record.---T.M.B.

{C310} Crouzier, P., & P. Rimbert. 1997. [Breeding attempts by Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia in Forez and Dombes, France.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 109--110. (C.O.R.A., Maison Rhodanienne de l'Environnement, rue Ste Hélène 32, F--69002 Lyon, France.) (French.)

{C310} de Roder, F. E., J. Nap., & R. G. Bijlsma. 1994. [Tree-nesting raptors in Noordoostpolder and Oostelijk Flevoland in 1989-93.] Limosa 67: 41--44. (Staatsbosbeheer, P.O. Box 716, 8000 AS Zwolle, Netherlands.)---Colonization of woodlands planted in newly reclaimed polders in Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} De Smet, G. 1997. [Slender-billed Curlew collected at Canisvliet in September 1896.] Dutch Birding 19: 230--232. (Edmond Blockstraat 9, 9050 Gentbrugge, Belgium.)---Previously unknown record of Numenius tenuirostris. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---G.Sa.

{C310} Dubois, P., & R. Seitre. 1997. Herald Petrel: a new species for the Western Palearctic. Birding World 10: 456--459. ([Incomplete address given] Nanterre, France.)---Dark morph Pterodroma arminjoniana 10 miles south of Pico, Azores, 18 Jul 1997.---T.M.B.

{C310} Easton, A. 1997. A wintering Turtle Dove. Birding World 10: 114. ([Incomplete address given] Suffolk, UK.)---Streptopelia turtur in Lowestoft Nov--Dec 1996.---T.M.B.

{C310} Ebels, E. B., et al. 1997. [Dartford Warblers at Westkapelle in November-December 1995 and at Brielsegatdam in January 1997.] Dutch Birding 19: 221--224. (Lessinglaan 11-2, 3533 AN, Utrecht, Netherlands.)---Second and third records of Sylvia undata for the Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---G.Sa.

{C310} Ecsedi, Z. 1996. Great Black-headed Gulls in Europe. Birding World 9: 303--312. ([Incomplete address available] Hungary.)---Distribution of Larus ichthyaetus records in Europe.---T.M.B.

{C310} Edwards, T. 1997. The Lesser Sand Plover in Sussex---a new British bird. Birding World 10: 294--297. ([Incomplete address given] West Sussex, UK.)---Identification of the 1^st UK record of Charadrius mongolus at Pagham Harbour, 14--16 Aug 1997.---T.M.B.

{C310} Elkins, N., & B. M. Lynch. 1997. Waterfowl counts on the Tay estuary, [Scotland] 1985-1995. Scott. Birds 19: 36--54. (18 Scotstarvit View, Cupar, Fife KY15 5DX, UK.)

{C310} Ens, B. J., G. J. M. Wintermans, & C. J. Smit. 1993. [Distribution of wintering waders in the Dutch Wadden Sea.] Limosa 66: 137--144. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---Analysis of habitat variables that determine distribution patterns. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Erhart, F. C. 1994. [Breeding of the Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos in The Netherlands.] Limosa 67: 95--99. (Rozendaalsestraat 160-10, 6824 CN Arnhem, Netherlands.)---Reviews 19 breeding attempts in 20^th century. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Fehér, C. E. 1996. [Pallid Swift, a new species for Hungary.] Túczok 1: 130--131. (Keszthely, Csabagyöangyeu. 50/a, H-8360, Hungary.)---Apus pallidus. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{C310} Forsman, D. 1998. Seeing the owls of Finland. Birding World 11: 58--66. ([Incomplete address given.] Finland.)---Distribution and abundance in Finland of Surnia ulula, Strix nebulosa, Strix uralensis, Aegolius funereus, Glaucidium passerinum, Bubo bubo and Nyctea scandiaca.---T.M.B.

{C310} Gantlett, S. 1997. The Spur-winged Plover in Kent---a new British bird? Birding World 10: 217--219. (Sea Lawn, Coast Road, Cley next the Sea, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7RZ, UK.)---Vanellus spinosus in UK and the Netherlands, Apr--Jun 1997, with comments on vagrancy and escape potential.---T.M.B.

{C310} Gantlett, S. 1997. Lesser Crested and Elegant terns. Birding World 10: 298--301. (Sea Lawn, Coast Road, Cley next the Sea, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7RZ, UK.)---European records of Sterna bengalensis and Sterna elegans.---T.M.B.

{C310} Gantlett, S., & D. Beadle. 1997. American sparrows in Britain and Ireland. Birding World 10: 140--146. (Sea Lawn, Coast Road, Cley next the Sea, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7RZ, UK.)---Review the records and identification of Melospiza melodia, Passerculus sandwichensis, Passerella iliaca and Spizella pusilla in the Western Palearctic.---T.M.B.

{C310} Gerritsen, G. J., & W. van den Bergh. 1995. [A population of Mandarin Ducks Aix galericulata at the Noord-Veluwe.] Limosa 68: 163--164. (Julianastraat 40, 8019 AX Zwolle, Netherlands.)---Escapes settled in 1967, increasing to 213 birds in 1993. (Dutch, Engl. summ)---R.G.B.

{C310} Giacchini, P., A. Barocci, & M. Pandolfi. 1996. [The status of Montagu's Harrier Circus pigargus in the Adriatic piedmont belt.] Alula 3: 3--9. (Ctr. Studi Faunistici Ecol., Via Righi 28, 61100 Pesaro, Italy.)---Breeding distribution and success in crop fields and uncultivated areas. (Italian, Engl. summ.)---A.S.

{C310} Gibbons, D. W., et al. 1997. The status and distribution of the Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata in Britain in 1994. Bird Study 44: 194--205. (RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Beds., SG19 2DL, UK.)---Estimated 935 Scottish breeding pairs, 46% in Shetland, 11% in Orkney and 43% elsewhere. Shetland population declined by more than a third since 1983; Orkney population is stable, trends elsewhere unknown---D.W.

{C310} Groot Koerkamp, G., & E. B. Ebels*. 1997. [Pontic Yellow-legged Gull at Zutphen in September-November 1988.] Dutch Birding 19: 280--283. (Lessinglaan 11-2, 3533 AN, Utrecht, Netherlands.)---First record of Larus cachinnans cachinnans for the Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---G.Sa.

{C310} Gutiérrez, R. 1997. Purple Gallinules in Spain and France. Birding World 10: 462. ([Incomplete address given] Barcelona, Spain.)---Population expansion of Porphyrio porphyrio in Spain.---T.M.B.

{C310} Hadarics, T. 1996. [Breeding of Shelduck in Hungary.] Túczok 1: 124--127. (Sopron, Ív u. 14, H-9400, Hungary.)---First breeding record of Tadorna tadorna in Hungary. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{C310} Hagemeijer, W. 1994. [Largest-ever invasion of Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus in The Netherlands in spring 1992.] Limosa 67: 7--14. (SOVON, Rijksstraatweg 178, 6573 DG Beek-Ubbergen, Netherlands.)---Estimated passage of 1500--2000 birds. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Hancock, M. H., D. W. Gibbons & P. S Thompson. 1997. The status of breeding Greenshank Tringa nebularia in the United Kingdom in 1995. Bird Study 44: 290--302. (RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Beds. SG19 2DL, UK.)---Population estimated at 1440 summering pairs and 1.4 territories/km2.---D.W.

{C310} Hathway, R., et al. 1997. The Yellow-headed Wagtail on Scilly: a new British bird? Birding World 10: 136--137. ([Incomplete address given] Isles of Scilly, UK.)---Photographs of a probable Motacilla flava lutea, the 1^st UK record, on Tresco, 18--21 Apr 1997.---T.M.B.

{C310} Hunt, I. 1997. The Siberian Rubythroat in Dorset. Birding World 10: 390--391. ([Incomplete address given] Dorset, UK.)---1st-winter male Luscinia calliope at Osmington Mills, 19 Oct 1997, 2^nd UK record.---T.M.B.

{C310} Jukema, J., & J. Fokkema. 1992. [Origin of Snow Buntings Plectrophenax nivalis wintering in The Netherlands.] Limosa 65: 67--72. (Fries Natuurmus. Schoenmakersperk 2, 8911 EM Leeuwarden, Netherlands.)---63% represent Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis, 37% Plectrophenax nivalis insulae. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Kälin, H. 1991. [Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris breeding near Baar ZG, Switzerland.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 338. (Rigistr. 33, CH--6340 Baar, Switzerland.)---Nesting far from mountains may indicate range expansion. (German.)---M.G.

{C310} Kancsal, B., & S. Palkó. 1997. [Cetti's Warbler at Fenékpuszta.] Túczok 2: 60--62. (Zalaegerszeg, Platán sor 1, H-8900, Hungary.)---First record of Cettia cetti in Hungary. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{C310} Kemp, J. 1997. Wild Snow Geese. Birding World 10: 72. ([Incomplete address given] Norfolk, UK.)---Status of and identification difficulties regarding Anser caerulescens in Europe.---T.M.B.

{C310} Kéry, M. 1991. [Population size and distribution of Crag Martins Ptyonoprogne rupestris in the Swiss Jura (mountains) in the eighties.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 209--216. (Gartenstr. 32, CH--4104 Oberwil, Switzerland.)---Breeding area expanded since 1980. (German, Engl. summ.)---M.G.

{C310} Kikkert, J.-E. 1997. [Blyth's Reed Warbler at Walem in June--July 1996.] Dutch Birding 19: 273--276. (Herdersveld 117, 5665 JM Geldrop, Netherlands.)---Acrocephalus dumetorum, second record for the Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---G.Sa.

{C310} Kirwan, G. M. 1997. White-spotted Bluethroats in Turkey. Dutch Birding 19: 237. (55 West End St., Norwich, Norfolk NR2 4DP, UK.)---Luscinia svecica of unknown subspecies.---G.Sa.

{C310} Lakin, I., & K. Rylands. 1997. The Semipalmated Plover in Devon: the second British record. Birding World 10: 212--216. ([Incomplete address given] Devon, UK.)---2nd UK record of Charadrius semipalmatus found at Dawlish Warren Nat. Reserve, 16 Jun 1997, with notes on identification.---T.M.B.

{C310} Lensink, R. 1994. [Confirmed breeding of a Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus.] Limosa 67: 109--110. (Hogestraat 17, 6651 BG Druten, Netherlands.)---First case in Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Lensink, R. 1996. [The rise of exotic bird species in the Dutch avifauna; past, present and future.] Limosa 69: 103--130. (Hogestraat 17, 6651 BG Druten, Netherlands.)---Review of trends in feral breeding birds in The Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Leopold, M. F., et al. 1995. [Common Scoters Melanitta nigra in The Netherlands.] Limosa 68: 49--64. (NIOZ, P.O. Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---Review of wintering and molting sites off Dutch coast. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Loonen M. J. J. E., & C. de Vries. 1995. [A sedentary population of Greylag Goose Anser anser in the SW-Netherlands.] Limosa 68: 11--14. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Breeding population sedentary because of year-round food availability, mild winter climate and feral origin. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Lund, T. 1996. [Pallas's Warbler, a new species for Hungary.] Túczok 1: 164--167. (Fuglsang Allé 67, 1, DK-2700, Brøshøj, Denmark.)---First record of Phylloscopus proregulus.---T.S.

{C310} Magyar, G. 1996. [Occurrence and separation of Arctic Terns and Common Terns in Central Europe.] Túczok 1: 153--163. (Természetvédelmi Hivatal, Budapest, Költo u. 21, H-1121, Hungary.)---Sterna paradisaea is vagrant; 800-1000 pairs of Sterna hirundo breed in Hungary. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{C310} Magyar, G. 1997. The 1995 Annual Report of the Hungarian Rarities Committee. Túczok 2: 1--10. (Hungarian Ornithol. Nat. Conserv. Soc., Budapest, Költo u. 21, H-1121, Hungary.)

{C310} Maire, M., J. P. Matérac, & P. Charvoz. 1997. [First breeding of Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos in the southern Jura chain in this century.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 45--51. (chemin de la Rétuelle 8, CH--1252 Meinier, Switzerland.)

{C310} Marik, P., et al. 1997. [Notes on the recent breeding of Levant Sparrowhawk in Hungary.] Túczok 2: 49--59. (Békéscsaba, Tolnai u. 4., H-5600, Hungary.)---Few pairs of Accipiter brevipes bred 1992--1996 in East Hungary. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{C310} Martina, A., et al. 1996. [Long-eared Owl, Asio otus, density and distribution in a Majella National Park area (Abruzzo Apennines): preliminary results.] Alula 3: 101--106. (Ctr. Ricerca Educ. Ambientale LIPU- P.N. Majella, Via Monte Coccia 9, 67030 Campo di Giove (AQ), Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Maumary, L. 1997. [Rare and unusual birds in Switzerland in 1995.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 33--44. (Ancienne-Poste 11, CH--1030 Bussigny, Switzerland.)---First Anthus hodgsoni, and Apus pallidus north of the Alps. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C310} McGeehan, A. 1997. Next stop North America? Birders J. 6: 186--199. (75 Lyndhurst Ave., Bangor, County Down BT19 1AY, Northern Ireland, UK.)---Status, range expansion, and identification of Larus melanocephalus in Europe.---A.L.L.

{C310} McGeehan, A., & M. Garner. 1997. The Thayer’s Gull in Belfast. Birding World 10: 93--100. ([Incomplete address given] N. Ireland.)---Identification of a 1^st-winter Larus thayeri, 1 Mar 1997 at Belfast Lough.---T.M.B.

{C310} McGregor, R. 1997. Siberian Chiffchaffs in Aberdeenshire. Birding World 10: 70. ([Incomplete address given] Aberdeenshire, Scotland.)---3 Phylloscopus collybita tristis, the status of which is poorly known in the UK, ringed at Culterty Field Stn., Nov 1996.---T.M.B.

{C310} Meininger, P. L. 1992. [Breeding attempt of Little Gull Larus minutus in the Krammer-Volkerak in 1992.] Limosa 65: 170--171. (Rijkswaterstaat Dienst Getijdewateren, P.O. Box 8039, 4330 EA Middelburg, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Meininger, P. L., & K. de Kraker. 1992. [Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator as a breeding bird in the SW-Netherlands, 1977-91.] Limosa 65: 49--51. (Rijkswaterstaat Dienst Getijdewateren, P.O. Box 8039, 4330 EA Middelburg, Netherlands.)---Bred annually 1977--1991, with up to 12 pairs.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Millington, R. 1997. The Canvasback in Norfolk---a new British bird. Birding World 10: 16--18. (Stonerunner, Coast Road, Cley next the Sea, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7RZ, UK.)---Aythya valisineria, Norfolk, 18 Jan 1996, 1^st for Britain.---T.M.B.

{C310} Monnier, B. 1997. [First breeding of the Common Eider Somateria mollissima on Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 67--78. (route de Chaumont 62, CH--2067 Chaumont, Switzerland.)---1994. (French, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Moore, C., et al. 1997. Seawatching off Portugal. Birding World 10: 433--434. ([Incomplete address given] Portugal.)---Pelagic birds off the Algarve, Sines Point, Cape Espichel, Cape Raso and Cape Carvoeiro.---T.M.B.

{C310} Moschetti, G., S. Scebba, & A. Sigismondi. 1996. [Check-list of the birds of Apulia, up-dated to December 1994.] Alula 3: 23--36. (Gruppo Inanellamento Limicoli, P. Mercato 45, 80133 Napoli, Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Murray, R., Ed. 1997. Scottish Bird Report 1995. Scott. Bird Report 28: 1--71, 75--76. (4 Bellfield Cres., Eddleston, Borders EH45 8RQ, UK.)

{C310} Murray, S., & S. Wanless. 1997. The status of the Gannet in Scotland in 1994-95. Scott. Birds 19: 10--27. (Craigie Dhu, Cardney, Dunkeld, Perthshire PH8 0EY, UK.)---Morus bassanus.

{C310} Nikander, P. J., T. Lindroos, & T. Numminen. 1997. Rare birds in Finland 1995. Alula 3: 84--90. (c/o Alula, P.O. Box 85, FIN--02271 Espoo, Finland.)---21st annual report from Finnish Rarities Committee.---E.H.

{C310} Oates, J. 1997. Finding Demoiselle Cranes in Cyprus. Birding World 10: 258. ([Incomplete address given] Norfolk, UK.)---Anthropoides virgo roosting on Akrotiri salt lake on passage, in Aug--Sep.---T.M.B.

{C310} Osborn, K. 1997. The Blue-cheeked Bee-eater in Shetland. Birding World 10: 220--221. ([Incomplete address given] Shetland, Scotland.)---1^st Scotland record of Merops persicus, 20 Jun 1997.---T.M.B.

{C310} Ouweneel, G. L. 1992. [Spring concentration of Black Terns Chlidonias niger.] Limosa 65: 171--172. (Lijster 17, 3299 BT Maasdam, Netherlands.)---Up to 1050 at Hollandsch Diep, SW-Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Ouweneel, G. L. 1992. [Ospreys Pandion haliaetus on the Ventjagersplaten.] Limosa 65: 125--126. (Lijster 17, 3299 BT Maasdam, Netherlands.)---Numbers and length of stay in 1984--1991. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Ouweneel, G. L. 1993. [Greylag Geese Anser anser in the Hollandsch Diep-Haringvliet area during summer.] Limosa 66: 66--67. (Lijster 17, 8299 BT Maasdam, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Ouweneel, G. L. 1993. [A spring concentration of Slavonian Grebes Podiceps auritus on Lake Grevelingen.] Limosa 66: 29. (Lijster 17, 3299 BT Maasdam, Netherlands.)---Up to 34 birds in 1989. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Ouweneel, G. L. 1995. [Flock of Lesser White-fronted Geese Anser erythropus wintering in SW-Netherlands.] Limosa 68: 117. (Lijster 17, 3299 BT Maasdam, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Ouweneel, G. L., & B. van der Velden. 1995. [Nestbuilding and displaying Red-necked Grebes Podiceps grisegena on Lake Grevelingen.] Limosa 68: 78. (Lijster 17, 3299 BT Maasdam, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Penot, J. 1997. [A Naumann's Thrush Turdus naumanni naumanni in Paris.] Alauda 65: 187-189. (112 rue du Cherche-Midi, F--75006 Paris, France.)---7 January 1986. (French.)

{C310} Piacentini, J., Thibault, J. C., & J. Torre. 1996. [Breeding altitudinal record of the Pallid Swift Apus pallidus on Corsica.] Alauda 64: 448--449. (Groupe Ornithol. Corse, Rés. Pietranera, Toga, F--20200 Bastia, France.)---2245 m. (French.)

{C310} Pilard, P., N. Beck, & R. Mathevet. 1996. [A Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides population in the Crau marshes, S.E. France.] Alauda 64: 385--388. (3 rue Marc Antoine, F--13104 Mas Thibert, France.)---1 singing male per 3 ha. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C310} Práinsson, G. 1997. Palm Warbler and Cerulean Warbler in Iceland---new to the Western Palearctic. Birding World 10: 392--393. ([Incomplete address given] Iceland.)---A 1^st-winter female Dendroica cerulea in Eyrarbakki, 1--7 Oct 1997, and a Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea in Stokkseyri, 5--10 Oct 1997, coincided with a 1^st-winter male Geothlypis trichas at Garõskagi, 26--27 Sep 1997, and 5 Vireo olivaceus.---T.M.B.

{C310} Prins, G. T. 1995. [White%billed Diver Gavia adamsii in partial breeding plumage found on the island of Texel.] Limosa 68: 77--78. (Inst. Syst. Pop. Biol., P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands.)---Includes appendix with White-Billed Divers in Dutch museum collections. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Raven, S. J., & J. C. Coulson. 1997. The distribution and abundance of Larus gulls nesting on buildings in British and Ireland. Bird Study 44: 13--34. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Durham, South Rd., Durham DH1 3LE, UK.)---Estimate 16,900 pairs of Larus argentatus and 3,200 pairs of Larus fuscus. Increases since last survey in 1976 have been at 10% and 17% per annum respectively.---D.W.

{C310} Recorbet, B., & J. P. Cantera. 1997. [The nesting of the Purple Heron Ardea purpurea in Corsica, southern France.] Alauda 65: 29--32. (DIREN Corse, 19 cours Napoléon, B.P. 334, F--20180 Ajaccio Cedex, France.) (French.)

{C310} Schleuning, S., et al. 1997. Birding the limits of the Western Palearctic---the Volga Delta. Birding World 10: 312--316. ([Incomplete address given] Germany.)---Summary of the avifaunas of the Volga Delta, Maly Shemchushny, Astrakhan, Lake Baskunchak and Bolshoe Bogdo, Russia.---T.M.B.

{C310} Schmid, H. 1991. [Important ornithological events in Switzerland, 1989 and 1990.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 101--109. (Schweiz. Vogelwarte, CH--6204 Sempach, Switzerland.)---Swiss avifauna update, with comments on rare species and exceptional breeding observations. Phylloscopus trochiloides deleted from checklist of birds of Switzerland. (German, Engl. summ.)---M.G.

{C310} Schols, R., & C. van Seggelen. 1993. [Influx of Tawny Pipits Anthus campestris in The Netherlands in autumn 1992.] Limosa 66: 25--28. (Dr. Nolenslaan 85-I, 6136 GK Sittard, Netherlands.)---Passage of several thousands (est.) in SE-Netherlands, mainly 3--16 September. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Scott, M. 1997. Birding the limits of the Western Palearctic---Armenia. Birding World 10: 190--195. ([Incomplete address given] Angus, Scotland.)---Summary of the avifaunas of Yerevan, Lake Sevan, Mt. Aragats, Meghri, the Gegham Range, the northeastern forests, and the Arax Valley.---T.M.B.

{C310} Sorace, A. 1996. [Breeding avian communities of 'Mount Cairo-Melfa River' area (Central Italy.] Alula 3: 17--22. (SROPU c/o Oasi WWF "Bosco di Palo," Via Palo laziale 2, 00055 Ladispoli (Roma), Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Sós, E. 1997. [The status of Pygmy Owl in Hungary]. Túczok 2: 63--65. (Budapest, Bognár u. 5/B, H-1021, Hungary.)---Sporadic breeding of Glaucidium passerinum. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{C310} Spaans, B. 1994. [The breeding birds of the Volkerak-Zoommeer during the first five years after embankment.] Limosa 67: 15--26. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)

{C310} Swennen, C., & T. Mulder. 1995. [Moulting Shelducks Tadorna tadorna in the Dutch Wadden Sea.] Limosa 68: 15--20. (NIOZ, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Texel, Netherlands.)---In early 1990s, some 30,000 birds molted in areas without human disturbance. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Széll, A., & G. Bakacsi. 1996. [The breeding of the Mediterranean Gull in Hungary.] Túczok 1: 105--115. (Dévaványa, Túczokrezervátum, H-5510, Hungary.)---Rapid expansion of Larus melanocephalus in recent years. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{C310} Teixeira, R. M. 1995. [Canada Geese in West-Brabant, SW-Netherlands.] Limosa 68:143--146. (Huybergseweg 12, 4631 GE Hoogerheide, Netherlands.)---Trend of Branta canadensis in 1975--1993. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} van der Have, T. M., & G. M. L. Bulteel. 1997. [Myrtle Warbler at Vlieland in October 1996.] Dutch Birding 19: 225--230. (Furkabaan 674, 3524 ZL Utrecht, Netherlands.)---First record of Dendroica coronata for the Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---G.Sa.

{C310} van Dijk, A. J., F. Hustings, & R. Offereins. 1994. [Breeding records of Red-necked Grebes Podiceps grisegena in The Netherlands in 1980-92.] Limosa 67: 76--78. (SOVON, Rijksstraatweg 178, 6573 DG Beek-Ubbergen, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C310} van Dobben, W. H., & J. Jukema. 1994. [The Bluethroat Luscinia svecica cyanecula back as a breeding bird in northern Friesland.] Limosa 67: 115--117. (Haerdawei 44, 8854 AC Oosterbierum, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Velatta, F., M. Montefameglio, & L. Cucchia. 1996. [The bird fauna of the Trasimeno-Val Nestore District (Umbria).] Alula 3: 78--86. (Provincia di Perugia, Servizio Monitoraggio e Tutela Fauna, Perugia, Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{C310} Vercruijsse, H. J. P., & A. L. Spaans. 1994. [First breeding record of the Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus in The Netherlands.] Limosa 67: 111--113. (Girostraat 38, 5038 DN Tilburg, Netherlands.)---In 1993, not successful. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Voslamber, B. 1992. [Egrets Egretta sp. in Oostvaardersplassen in 1991.] Limosa 65: 89--92. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Breeding of Egretta alba since 1978 and of Egretta garzetta in 1979. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C310} Vuillemot, C. 1996. [Winter observation of a Hobby Falco subbuteo in W. France.] Alauda 64: 447. (Le Gros Chêne, F--44160 Besné, France.)---31 January 1996. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C312} Baltz, M. E. 1996. House Sparrows on North Andros Island, Bahamas. El Pitirre 9(3): 8. (Div. Biol. Sci., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.)---Passer domesticus, formerly considered a rare migrant [!?], breeds locally and has done so since ca. 1978.---R.B.C.

{C312} Barré, N., et al. 1996. Status of the Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) in the French Antilles. El Pitirre 9(3): 2--4. (Bel Air Desroziéres, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, Fr. W. Indies.)---Records for Guadeloupe, Les Saintes, and Martinique.---R.B.C.

{C312} Begazo, A. J. 1992. Observations of the Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) and Baird's Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii) in Puerto Rico. El Pitirre 5(1): 3. (Archbold Biol. Stn., P.O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33852, USA.)---Phalarope seen 23 Oct. 1990 and sandpiper seen 12 Nov. 1991 are 3^rd and 2^nd? records for Puerto Rico, respectively.---R.B.C.

{C312} Bunkley-Williams, L., & E. H. Williams, Jr. 1996. Observations of an Audubon's [Black-headed] Oriole Icterus graduacauda in Puerto Rico, the first record for the Caribbean. El Pitirre 9(2): 2. (Carib. Aquatic Anim. Health Proj., Dept. Biol., P.O. Box 5000, Mayaguez, PR 00681.)---Adult male, 12 Jun 1995 near Ramey.---R.B.C.

{C312} De Kort, R. E. 1995. The larid seabird breeding populations of the San Nicholas Bay cays, Aruba. El Pitirre 8(3): 15. (Aruban Found. Natl. Parks, Sero Colorado #87, Aruba.)---Despite marked disturbance 9 species breed: Sterna eurygnatha, Sterna dougallii, Sterna hirundo, Sterna anaethetus, Sterna fuscata, Sterna antillarum, Anous stolidus, Anous tenuirostris, Larus atricilla.---R.B.C.

{C312} Erickson, R. A, & T. E. Wurster. 1998. Confirmation of nesting in Mexico for four bird species from the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California. Wilson Bull. 110: 118--120. (LSA Associates, One Park Pl., Suite 500, Irvine, CA 92614, USA.)---Empidonax oberholseri, Catharus guttatus, Pipilo chlorurus, Passerella iliaca. Also summer observations, but not confirmed breeding, of Aegolius acadicus, Myadestes townsendi and Dendroica occidentalis.---J.J.Dos.

{C312} Feldmann, P., & C. Pavis. 1995. Alpine Swift (Tachymarptis melba) observed in Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles: a fourth record for the Western Hemisphere. El Pitirre 8(2): 2. (AEVO c/o Barré, Belair Desroziéres, 97190 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, Fr. W. Indies.)---Seen 18 Apr 1987.---R.B.C.

{C312} Francis, J. 1996. The Eurasian Collared-Dove on Nevis. El Pitirre 9(3): 4. (65 Fleet St., London, EC4Y 1HS, UK.)---Up to 6 Streptopelia decaocto seen on this Lesser Antillean island Mar--Apr 1995.---R.B.C.

{C312} Garrido, O. H., & A. Kirkconnell. 1990. [The Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto (Aves: Columbidae) in Cuba.] El Pitirre 3(4): 2. (Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., Calle Obispo 61, La Habana Viejo 10100, Cuba.)---(Spanish.)

{C312} Garrido, O. H., et al. 1997. The American Kestrel Falco sparverius (Aves: Falconidae) in Jamaica. El Pitirre 10(1): 11--12. (Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., Calle Obispo 61, La Habana Viejo 10100, Cuba.)---Originated apparently first from birds in Hispaniola and then from birds in Cuba; current populations are presumably Falco sparverius sparveroides.---R.B.C.

{C312} Kirkconnell, A., & O. Garrido. 1992. [Lonchura malacca (Aves: Estrildidae), new species for the Cuban avifauna.] El Pitirre 5(1): 2. (Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., La Habana 2, Cuba.)

{C312} Latta, S. C. 1996. First report of "Brewster's Warbler" in Hispaniola. El Pitirre 9(1): 2--3. (Div. Biol. Sci., 110 Tucker Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.)---Vermivora pinus × Vermivora chrysoptera seen near Manabao, Dominican Republic, 2 Nov 1994.---R.B.C.

{C312} Leukering, T., & J. Bradley. 1997. Some observations of birds on the Central Mexican Plateau. West. Birds 28: 177--180. (Colorado Bird Obs., 13401 Piccadilly Rd., Brighton, CO 80601, USA.)---Distributional notes on 11 species from poorly studied region.---K.C.M.

{C312} Morales, J. A., & O. H. Garrido. 1997. [Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis (Aves: Pelecanidae) young also in Cuba.] El Pitirre 10(1): 17. (Inst. Pedagog. Camagúey, Camagúey, Cuba.)---(Spanish.)

{C312} Morales Leal, J., & O. H. Garrido. 1996. [Birds and reptiles of Cayo Sabinal, Sabana-Camagüey, Archipelago, Cuba.] El Pitirre 9(3): 9--12. (Dirección Nac. Flora Fauna, Neuvitas, Cuba.)---Table lists species present with Spanish common names. (Spanish.)---R.B.C.

{C312} Murphy, W. L. 1991. Tobago hummingbirds: Status of the White-tailed Sabrewing (Campylopterus ensipennis) and first record of Brown Violet-ear (Colibri delphinae). El Pitirre 4(3): 2--3. (7202 Mathews St., Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA.)---Nest of former found in Feb. 1988 is 1^st confirmed nesting in some 30 years; sighting of fledgling Violet-ear suggests species may nest on Tobago.---R.B.C.

{C312} Ortiz-Pulido, R., et al. 1995. Avifauna del Centro de Investigaciones Costeras La Mancha. [Avifauna of the Centro de Investigaciones Costeras La Mancha, Veracruz, México]. Acta Zoológica Mexicana, Nueva Serie 68: 87-118. ( Departamento de Ecologia Vegetal, Instituto de Ecologia, AC, AP 63, 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. EM: ortizrau@sun.ieco.conacyt.mx)---250 species are listed with status, guild, habitat, and relative abundance.---R.O.P.

{C312} Pérez-Rivera, R. A. 1996. [The Blue-and-yellow Macaw, an exotic resident in Puerto Rico.] El Pitirre 9(1): 3--4. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Puerto Rico-CUH, Humacao, PR 00792.)---Ara ararauna. (Spanish.)

{C312} Rodriguez, P. B., A. Llanes Sosa, & R. Ridout. 1995. [First record of Brewster's Warbler (Aves: Parulidae) in Cuba.] El Pitirre 8(3): 2. (Inst. Ecol. Sistem., Acad. Ciencias de Cuba, Habana 8, Cuba.)---Vermivora pinus × Vermivora chrysoptera. (Spanish.)

{C312} Tershy, B. R., & D. Breese. 1997. The birds of San Pedro Mártir Island, Gulf of California, México. West. Birds 28: 96--107. (Island Conserv. & Ecol. Group, Inst. Mar. Sci., Earth & Mar. Sci. Bldg., Univ. California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.)---Documents 82 species including 8 breeding seabirds (of which 3 are previously unrecorded) and 7 breeding or potentially breeding landbirds.---K.C.M.

{C312} White, A. W., B. Hallet, & M. Bainton. 1995. Red-footed Boobies nest at White Cay, El Salvador. El Pitirre 8(3): 11. (No address. Abstract only.)---Sula sula pair and downy chick seen and photographed 28 April 1995 represent the 1^st record and 1^st nesting record for the Bahamas and the northernmost nesting record for this species in the Atlantic and Caribbean regions.---R.B.C.

{C316} Bourne, W. R. P. 1997. Phalaropes in the Arabian Sea & Gulf of Oman. Oman Bird News 20: 56. (Zool. Dept., Aberdeen Univ., Tillydrone Ave., Aberdeen AB9 2TN, UK.)---Phalaropus lobatus, Phalaropus fulicarius.

{C316} Fouquet, M., et al. 1997. New for the UAE: River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis, Kittlitz's Plover Charadrius pecuarius and Lesser Noddy Anous tenuirostris. Emirates Bird Report 19: 120--122. (Off. Natl. de la Chasse, Chanteloup, F-85340 L’île d’Olonne, France.)---Rarity descriptions, comment, United Arab Emirates.---P.J.C.

{C316} Gowthorpe, P., et al. 1996. [Breeding birds and principal palearctic waders in the National Park of Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania).] Alauda 64: 81--126. (Stn. d'Iwik, Parc National du banc d'Arguin, B.P. 5355, Nouakchott, Mauritania.)---Large declines noted; breeding sites described. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C316} Heard, C. D. R., & G. M. Kirwan. 1997. Observations of Dunn’s Lark Eremalauda dunni in the Ramlat al-Sabatayn, Republic of Yemen. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 8--11. (3 Waterside Lodge, Ray Mead Rd., Maidenhead, Berks SL6 8NP, UK.)

{C316} Hellyer, P., & S. Aspinall. 1997. An introduction to the birds of Jazirat Balghelam, Abu Dhabi. Emirates Bird Report 19: 116--119. (P. O Box 791, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.)---Island, 80 spp.---P.J.C.

{C316} Hoath, R., et al. 1997. The birds of the islands of the mouth of the Gulf of Suez, Egyptian Red Sea. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 22--29. (c/o Am. Univ. Cairo, 113 Kasr al Aini, Cairo, Egypt.)

{C316} James, S. L., & J. Norton. 1997. Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus at Ramtha tip---the first record for the United Arab Emirates. Emirates Bird Report 19: 123--124. (c/o A. D. N. O. C., P. O. Box 898/13, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.)

{C316} Khoury, F. 1997. The first Red-fronted Serin Serinus pusillus in Jordan. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 68. (Dept. Ornithol., Z. F. M. K., Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany.)

{C316} Kirwan, G. 1997. The Göksu Delta, Turkey. Birding World 10: 259--260. ([Incomplete address given], Norfolk, UK.)---Richest avifauna of any site in Turkey with 300+ species recorded.---T.M.B.

{C316} Madge, S. 1997. The sub-species of House Crow Corvus splendens in the UAE. Emirates Bird Report 19: 124. (Seawinds, Lower Trerieve, Downderry, Torpoint, Cornwall PL11 3LZ, UK.)---Corvus splendens zugmayeri, Corvus splendens protegatus; United Arab Emirates.

{C316} Nation, B., H. Nation & A. Hooper. 1997. Birds new to Qatar. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 56--62. (c/o I.C. S. Dept., Qatar Gen. Petroleum Corp., P. O. Box 3212, Doha, Quatar.)---12 spp., 1986--96.---P.J.C.

{C316} Newton, S. F. 1996. Wintering range of Palaearctic-African migrants includes southwest Arabia. Ibis 138: 335--336. (Natl. Comm. Wildl. Conserv. & Development, c/o NWRC, PO Box 1086, Taif, Saudi Arabia.)---For 10 species at least.---J.V.B.

{C316} Pilcher, C. W. T., W. A. Stuart, & S. T. Spencer. 1997. Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis colonisation of Kuwait. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 65--67. (Fac. Med., P. O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.)

{C316} Pitt, M. 1997. A visit to Merawah Island 31 May/1 June 1990. Emirates Bird Report 19: 112--114. (24 Foxtail Dr., Dibden-Purlieu, Hampshire SO45 4NZ, UK.)---Habitats, avifauna including late migrants, United Arab Emirates.---P.J.C.

{C316} Richardson, C., & S. Aspinall. 1997. Systematic list of the birds reported in 1994. Emirates Bird Report 19: 20--88. (P. O. Box 50394, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.)

{C316} Richardson, C., S. Aspinall & M. Verhage. 1997. Abu Dhabi islands breeding bird survey. Emirates Bird Report 19: 104--111. (P. O. Box 50394, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.)

{C316} Skakuj, M., & T. Stawarczyk. 1997. Five new bird species in Bahrain. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 39--44. (Dept. Vert. Ecol. Zool., Gdansk Univ., Al. Legionow 9, PL-80-441 Gdansk, Poland.)---Sterna dougallii, Sterna fuscata, Anthus godlewskii, Anthus hodgsoni, Emberiza aureola.

{C316} van der Winden, J., & V. van den Berk. 1997. Breeding birds of the Taurus foothills bordering the Goksu Delta, south Turkey. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 45--50. (Leidsekade 118 bis, 3531 HD Utrecht, Netherlands.)

{C316} Wood, M., & R. Western. 1997. Breeding colony of White-cheeked Terns Sterna repressa on Das Island. Emirates Bird Report 19: 115. (Das Island Maint. Dept., P. O. Box 303, Das Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.)---At least 250 nests.---P.J.C.

{C318} Bardon, K., & P. Lehman. 1998. First documented record of Thayer's Gull in New Jersey. Rec. New Jersey Birds 24: 2--4. (1430 100th Ave. NW #212, Coon Rapids, MN 55433, USA.)---Larus thayeri; 27 May 1997; Thompson's Beach, Cumberland Co.; photographed.---E.I.S.

{C318} Bennett, A. J. 1996. Pacific and American golden-plovers breeding in southwestern Alaska. Northwest. Nat. 77: 49--51. (Lake Clark Natl. Park Pres., P.O. Box 2643, Kenai, AK 99611-2643, USA.)---Extension of known ranges of sympatrically breeding Pluvialis dominica and Pluvialis fulva.---R.B.C.

{C318} Binford, L. 1997. First state record: Broad-billed Hummingbird. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 47--50. (Mus. Nat. Sci., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.)---Cynanthus latirostris in Upper Peninsula, Keweenaw Co., Michigan 1--7 Jun 1996 makes this record the northernmost for the species. Photos.---J.A.C.

{C318} Black, C. 1997. A Great Blue Heron rookery in Whitley County [Kentucky]. Kentucky Warbler 73: 29--30. (7377 Tarrytown Dr., Springhill, FL 34606, USA.)---Ardea herodias colony one of only a few within the last 5 years.---R.B.C.

{C318} Brinker, L., & P. D. Vickery. 1997. First confirmed nesting of Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) in New England. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 204--208. (C/O BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)

{C318} Brock, K. J. 1998. Blackburnian Warbler: Indiana’s first confirmed nesting record. Indiana Audubon Q. 76: 63--64. (Dept. Geosci., Indiana Univ. Northwest, 3400 Broadway, Gary, IN 46408, USA.)---Dendroica fusca in the Indiana Dunes.---J.S.C.

{C318} Brock, K. J., & J. K. Cassady. 1998. Addition of the Vermilion Flycatcher to the Indiana avifauna. Indiana Audubon Q. 76: 61--62. (Dept. Geosci., Indiana Univ. Northwest, 3400 Broadway, Gary, IN 46408, USA.)---Adult female Pyrocephalus rubinus remained from 27 Sep--8 Nov 1997 near Lake Michigan.---J.S.C.

{C318} Buchanan, J. B., & J. R. Evenson. 1997. Abundance of shorebirds at Willapa Bay, Washington. West. Birds 28: 158--168. (Cascadia Res. Coll., 218½ W. Fourth Ave., Olympia, WA 98501, USA.)---Spring censuses exceeded 100,000 shorebirds with Calidris mauri, Calidris alpina, and Limnodromus griseus as most abundant species.---K.C.M.

{C318} Buckley, P. A. 1997. White-faced Storm-Petrel off Sable Island, Nova Scotia: Canada's first? Birders J. 6: 304--306. (USGS/BRD, Patuxtent Wildl. Res. Ctr., Box 8 @ Graduate Sch. Oceanography, Univ. RI, Narrangsett, RI 02882, USA.)---Previously unreported historical sighting of Pelagodroma marina, 18 Aug 1967, southeast of Sable Is.---A.L.L.

{C318} Buckman, R. 1996. Errata for the South Dakota Breeding Bird Atlas. S. Dakota Bird Notes 48: 59--68. (Dakota State Univ., Madison, SD 57042, USA.)---Roughly 170 corrections and an indication of perhaps the same number more.---R.B.C.

{C318} Dinsmore, S. J. 1998. Anhinga at Lake Darling State Park. Iowa Bird Life 68: 65--66. (612½ W. Magnolia St., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.)---Anhinga anhinga on 17 Sep 1996 in Washington Co.; 2nd Iowa record.---J.J.D.

{C318} Dinsmore, S. J., J. A. Collazo, & J. R. Walters. 1998. Seasonal numbers and distribution of shorebirds on North Carolina's Outer Banks. Wilson Bull. 110: 171--181. (JAC: N. Carolina Coop. Fish Wildl. Res. Unit., USGS/BRD, N. Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; EM: Jaime_Collazo@ncsu.edu)---Reports patterns of migratory abundance for 21 species and documents the area's importance as a critical migratory link along the Atlantic Flyway.---J.J.Dos.

{C318} Dunn, J. L. 1996. First [Michigan] state record: White-collared Swift at Tawas Point, Iosco Co. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 3: 277--282. (153 Grange Hall Rd., Beavercreek, OH 45430, USA.)---Streptoprocne zonaris on 19 May 1996 seen by Jon Dunn.---J.A.C.

{C318} Eckert, C., & P. Sinclair. 1997. Little Stint: a Yukon first at Judas Creek. Birders J. 6: 183--185. (1402 Elm St., Whitehorse, YT Y1A 4B6, Can.)---Description and sketch of Calidris minuta, 19 May 1997.---A.L.L.

{C318} Eckert, C., et al. 1997. Rare birds in Canada 1996. Birders J. 6: 252--255. (8 Midtown Dr., Suite 289, Whitby, ON L1J 8L2, Can.)---Summary of sightings.---A.L.L.

{C318} Etcheberry, R. 1997. The nesting season in the St-Pierre & Miquelon Islands. Birders J. 6: 177. (BP 328, St-Pierre et Miquelon, France.)---Summary of bird sightings on islands near Newfoundland.---A.L.L.

{C318} Etcheberry, R. 1997. The fall migration in the St-Pierre & Miquelon Islands. Birders J. 6: 302--303. (BP 328, St-Pierre et Miquelon, France.)---Summary of bird sightings on islands near Newfoundland.---A.L.L.

{C318} Etcheberry, R. 1997. The winter season in St-Pierre & Miquelon. Birders J. 6: 97. (BP 328, St-Pierre et Miquelon, France.)---Summary of bird sightings on islands near Newfoundland.---A.L.L.

{C318} Finnegan, S. 1998. More Herald Petrels. Birding World 11: 67. ([Incomplete address given] NJ, USA.)---The 40 records of Pterodroma arminjoniana off eastern N. America since 1991 were all between late May and late Sep.---T.M.B.

{C318} Fuller, T. 1997. Michigan’s first Ivory Gull. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 125--128. (Rt. 1, Box 366, San Benito, TX 78586, USA.)---Pagophila eburnea in Marquette Harbor in the Upper Peninsula on 22 Dec 1995. Photo.---J.A.C.

{C318} Gibson, D. D., & B. Kessel. 1997. Inventory of the species and subspecies of Alaska birds. West. Birds 28: 45--95. (Univ. Alaska Mus., Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960, USA.)---Comprises 448 species and an additional 110 subspecies.---K.C.M.

{C318} Harris, B. 1996. First state record for the Lesser Black-backed Gull and possible sighting of a Little Gull. S. Dakota Bird Notes 48: 33--34. (Box 605, Clear Lake, SD 57226, USA.)---Sight records of Larus fuscus and Larus minutus in S. Dakota.)---R.B.C.

{C318} Heinl, S. C. 1997. New information on gulls in southeastern Alaska. West. Birds 28: 19--29. (P.O. Box 23101, Ketchikan, AK 99901, USA.)---Updates the status of 11 gull species, including Larus crassirostris, Larus hyperboreus, and Larus schistisagus.---K.C.M.

{C318} Hooker, S. K., & R. W. Baird. 1997. A Fea's Petrel off Nova Scotia: the first record for Canada. Birders J. 6: 245--248. (Dept. Biol., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Can.)---Description and photos of Pterodroma feae, 09 Jul 1997, 43E51'N 58E55'W.---A.L.L.

{C318} Howell, S. N. G., & P. Pyle. 1997. Twentieth report of the California Birds Records Committee: 1994 records. West. Birds 28: 117--141. (Pt. Reyes Bird Obs., 4990 Shoreline Hwy., Stinson Beach, CA 94970, USA.)---Adds Phoebetria palpebrata, Pterodroma phaeopygia, and Puffinus gravis to the state list; total is 595 spp. as of 18 Jan 1997, with 14 additional spp. under review for 1^st State records.---K.C.M.

{C318} James, D. A., et al. 1994. Species of birds newly recorded in Arkansas since 1985. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 48: 254--256. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Ark., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.)

{C318} Jones, P. W., & I. A. McLaren. 1997. Blue-winged and Golden-winged warblers and their hybrids in Nova Scotia. Birders J. 6: 241--244. (Coll. Environ. Sci. & For., State Univ. NY, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.)---Vermivora pinus and Vermivora chrysoptera are regular vagrants but reports of the latter declining in absolute number; only 3 reports of hybrids in Atlantic Canada.---A.L.L.

{C318} Kent, T. H. 1998. Immature White Ibis at Coralville Reservoir. Iowa Bird Life 68: 25--26. (211 Richards St., Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.)---Eudocimus albus from 5--16 Sep 1995 in Johnson Co.; photographed. 1^st Iowa record.---J.J.D.

{C318} Kiff, L. F., & D. R. Paulson. 1997. Northern Goshawk breeding records from San Diego County, California. West. Birds 28: 113--114. (The Peregrine Fund, 566 W. Flying Hawk Ln., Boise, ID 83709, USA.)---1937 egg set of Accipiter gentilis extends the southern limit of historic breeding range in California.---K.C.M.

{C318} Lucas, Z. 1997. A Black-tailed Gull on Sable Island, Nova Scotia. Birders J. 6: 205--207. (P.O. Box 3504, Halifax, NS B3J 3J2, Can.)---Description and photos of first Larus crassirostris in NS, 8--22 May 1997; discussion of recent reports from northeastern USA.---A.L.L.

{C318} Marantz, C. A., & D. Quilty. 1997. Second Massachusetts avian record of Hermit Warbler. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 198--202. (C/O BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)---Dendroica occidentalis.

{C318} McDonald, I. 1997. A Blue Rock-Thrush Monticola solitarius in British Columbia. Birders J. 6: 162--163. (25-2236 Folkestone Way, West Vancouver, BC V7S 2X7, Can.)---Description and photos of apparent 1^st unassisted occurrence in N. Amer., 6 Jun 1997, Goldpan Prov. Pk.---A.L.L.

{C318} McLaren, I., & A. MacLean. 1997. A Dusky Flycatcher in Nova Scotia. Birders J. 6: 68--73. (Biol. Dept., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Can.)---Photographs, sonogram, and description of Empidonax oberholseri, 24 Nov--27 Dec 1996 at Port Williams, Kings Co.; first report for NS.---A.L.L.

{C318} McNeely, L. K. 1997. Fifth report of the Kentucky Bird Records Committee. Kentucky Warbler 73: 28--29. (P.O. Box 463, Burlington, KY 41005, USA.)---Accepted records include Calidris ferruginea (2^nd state record), Larus ridibundus (1^st) and Sitta canadensis (1^st documented breeding record).---R.B.C.

{C318} Meeks, W. A. 1996. First record of a Common Moorhen nesting in South Dakota. S. Dakota Bird Notes 48: 71. (Box 2140B, Wildl. Fish. Sci. Dept., S. Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD 57007, USA.)---Gallinula chloropus nest with eggs 4 Jul 1995 at Sand Lake NWR.---R.B.C.

{C318} Miller, K. 1997. First state record: Green Violet-ear. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 51--56. (Love Creek Nat. Ctr., 9228 Huckleberry Rd., Berrien Center, MI 49102, USA.)---Colibri thalassinus in Cass Co. 15 Jul--17 Aug 1996. Photos.---J.A.C.

{C318} Mlodinow, S., & J. Riddell. 1997. Alberta's first Blue-winged Warbler? Birders J. 6: 47--49. (4819 Gardner Ave., Everett, WA 98203, USA.)---Sight report of Vermivora pinus, 18 Aug 1996 at Calgary.---A.L.L.

{C318} Moermond, J. E. 1997. A specimen of "Cackling" Canada Goose in Kent Co. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 19--20. (2913 Dina St., Midland, MI 48642, USA.)---1^st confirmed occurrence of Branta canadensis minima in Michigan; 1982 specimen.---J.A.C.

{C318} North, M. R., D. Dewhurst, & S. S. Tucker. 1996. First nest discovered for Alaska subspecies of Marbled Godwit. Northwest. Nat. 77: 17--18. (USFWS, West. Alaska Ecol. Serv., 605 W. 4th Ave., Anchorage, AK 99501, USA.)---Limosa fedoa beringiae.

{C318} O'Brien, M., & T. Tarlach. 1998. First record of Garganey in New Jersey. Rec. New Jersey Birds 24: 35--55. (P.O. Box 436, Cape May, NJ 08212, USA.)---Anas querquedula; 9 Jun 1997; Brigantine NWR; photographed.---E.I.S.

{C318} Palmer, J. S., & D. M. Palmer. 1997. Pacific Loon record for South Dakota. S. Dakota Bird Notes 49: 59--60. (821 NW 5th St., Madison, SD 57042, USA.)---Sight record of Gavia pacifica 16 Oct 1991 said to be 1^st record for state.---R.B.C.

{C318} Pétursson, G. 1997. Possible future European passerine vagrants to Canada. Birders J. 6: 145--151. (Gautlandi 21, 108 Reykjavík, Iceland.)---List of species based on most common Palearctic vagrants in Iceland and four long-distance migrants breeding in Iceland; likely dates of occurrence in southeastern Canada.---A.L.L.

{C318} Pittaway, R. 1997. Recognizable bird forms of Canada. Birders J. 6: 76--89. (Box 619, Minden, ON K0M 2K0, Can.)---Check-list of morphs and subspecies known from Canada.---A.L.L.

{C318} Proescholdt, M. 1998. White-winged Dove at Le Grand in Marshall County. Iowa Bird Life 68: 25. (Box 65, Liscomb, IA 50148, USA.)---Zenaida asiatica from 28 Apr--18 May 1997; photographed. 1^st Iowa record.---J.J.D.

{C318} Schenck, R. 1997. Great Gray Owl: a first for South Dakota. S. Dakota Bird Notes 49: 36--37. (422 N. Linwood Ct., Sioux Falls, SD 57103, USA.)---Strix nebulosa seen 29 Jan--4 Feb 1997.---R.B.C.

{C318} Smith, P. W. 1995. The Eurasian Collared Dove reaches the Lesser Antilles. El Pitirre 8(3): 3. (S. Fla. Res. Cent., Everglades Natl. Park, 46001 State Rd. 9336, Homestead, FL 33034, USA.)---Streptopelia decaocto on Montserrat since 1990 and on Dominica since 1987.---R.B.C.

{C318} Swanson, D. 1996. 1995 report of the Rare Bird Records Committee. S. Dakota Bird Notes 48: 93--96. (Dept. Biol., Univ. S. Dakota, Vermillion SD 57069, USA.)---Accepted records include 1^st S. Dakota records for Fringilla montifringilla and Zonotrichia atricapilla and 2^nd state record for Quiscalus mexicanus, as well as the 1^st and 2^nd state nesting records for Gallinula chloropus and Egretta tricolor, respectively.---R.B.C.

{C318} Swanson, D. 1996. First record of the Little Gull for South Dakota. S. Dakota Bird Notes 48: 97--98. (Dept. Biol., Univ. S. Dakota, Vermillion SD 57069, USA.)---Larus minutus seen 2--5 Dec 1995.---R.B.C.

{C318} Swanson, D. 1997. First record of Mew Gull for South Dakota. S. Dakota Bird Notes 49: 60. (Dept. Biol., Univ. S. Dakota, Vermillion SD 57069, USA.)---Larus canus seen 30 Nov 1996.---R.B.C.

{C318} Toochin, R. 1997. A Xantus's Hummingbird in British Columbia. A first Canadian record. Birders J. 6: 293--297. (959 W. 58th Ave., Vancouver, BC V6P 1V7, Can.)---Description and photos of Hylocharis xantusii, 16 Nov--12 Dec 1997, Gibsons.---A.L.L.

{C318} Wormington, A. 1997. Plumbeous Vireo: new to Ontario. Birders J. 6: 237--240. (RR #1, Leamington, ON N8H 3V4, Can.)---Description and photos of Vireo plumbeus, 03 Jun 1997, Pt. Pelee Natl. Pk.; accepted by Ontario Bird Records Committee; summary of other extralimital reports.---A.L.L.

{C318} Zimmer, M. 1997. Eurasian Collared Dove: a first for South Dakota. S. Dakota Bird Notes 49: 37--38. (Box 100, Bowdle, SD 57243, USA.)---Streptopelia decaocto seen and photographed sporadically 10 Aug--11 Sep 1996.---R.B.C.

{C320} Aiying, D. 1996. [Addendum of birds in Mt. Luya Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 168. (No address given). (Chinese).

{C320} Daiji, L., et al. 1996. [On-the-spot investigation on birds in Chaolian Island, Shandong Province.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 75--76. (No address given). (Chinese).

{C320} Kováts, L. 1997. [Short report on some findings of Hungarian ornithological expeditions to Mongolia between 1993-1996.] Túczok 2: 11--28. (Hungarian Ornithol. Nat. Conserv. Soc., Budapest, Költo u. 21, H-1121, Hungary.)---5634 birds of 120 species were caught. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.\par }

{C320} Tourenq, C., et al. 1996. [Ornithological observations in south-west Mongolia.] Alauda 64: 355--362, 405--412. (I.N.R.A., C.R.A, Toulouse, B.P. 27, F--31326 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France.)---Important area for migrant and breeding raptors; first breeding of Himantopus himantopus. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C320} Vuilleumier, F. 1996. Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis breeding in Franz Josef Land, Russia. Alauda 64: 429--433. (Dept. Ornithol., Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024 USA.)---First breeding.---G.O.

{C320} Xiaozong, Y., et al. 1996. [Numbers and distribution of Otis tarda in winter. Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 169. (No address given).---Great Bustard (Chinese).

{C320} Yinan, P., et al. 1996. [Investigation on birds in Mt. Jinniu, Yicheng, Hubei Province.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 26--28. (No address given). (Chinese).

{C324} Buden, D. W. 1996. Reptiles, birds, and mammals of Pakin Atoll, eastern Caroline Islands. Micronesica 29: 37--48. (Div. Math. Sci., Coll. Micronesia, P.O. Box 159, Kolonia, Pohnpei, 96941, FSM.)---15 reptiles, 18 birds and 5 mammals recorded on an atoll for which there are apparently no previous records. The most numerous seabirds are Anous minutus and Anous stolidus, both with populations of about 5000 birds.---R.B.C.

{C324} Buden, D. W. 1996. Reptiles, birds, and mammals of Ant Atoll, eastern Caroline Islands. Micronesica 29: 21--36. (Div. Math. Sci., Coll. Micronesia, P.O. Box 159, Kolonia, Pohnpei, 96941, FSM.)---13 reptiles, 25 birds and 7 mammals recorded, 5, 9, and 2 for the first time, respectively. The largest seabird colony is 6000 pairs of Anous minutus on Wolouna Island.---R.B.C.

{C324} Stinson, D. W., G. J. Wiles, & J. D. Reichel. 1995. Migrant land birds and water birds in the Mariana Islands. Pacific Science 51(3): 314--327. (Div. Fish. Wildl., CNMI Gov., Saipan, Mariana Islands 96950.)---Summary accounts for 26 species all of which have been reported before, but with new previously unpublished records for almost all.---R.B.C.

{C328} Ecsedi, Z., & J. Oláh, Jr. 1997. Spoon-billed Sandpipers in Vietnam. Birding World 10: 261. ([Incomplete address given] Hungary.)---Eurynorhynchus pygmeus in the Xuan Thuy Ramsar Nature Reserve, Red River Delta.---T.M.B.

{C328} Jepson, P. 1997. Search for the Blue-fronted Lorikeet on Buru, Indonesia. Eclectus 2: 2--3. (Birdlife Int., P.O. Box 310\Boo, Bogor 16003, Jl. Achmad Yani 11, Bogor, Indonesia.)---Describes unsuccessful attempt to locate Charmosyna toxopei.---I.C.R.

{C328} Kennerley, P. 1998. Oriental Cuckoo at Tuas, Singapore on 21^st October and 2^nd December 1995. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 51, 55--57. (15 Penrhyn Beach E., Penrhyn Bay, Llandudno, Gwynedd LL30 3NT, UK.)---Identification of Cuculus saturatus, with photographs and descriptions of mist-netted birds, 1^st confirmed records for Singapore.---T.M.B.

{C328} Kennerley, P. 1998. Besra at Tuas, Singapore on 26th November 1995. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 51, 54--55. (15 Penrhyn Beach E., Penrhyn Bay, Llandudno, Gwynedd LL30 3NT, UK.)---Photographs of a mist-netted Accipiter virgatus, 1^st record for Singapore and the Malay Peninsula.---T.M.B.

{C328} Kennerley, P., & R. Ollington. 1998. Aleutian Terns in South-East Asia. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 34--41. (15 Penrhyn Beach E., Penrhyn Bay, Llandudno, Gwynedd LL30 3NT, UK.)---Identification, distribution and status of Sterna aleutica wintering off Hong Kong, Indonesia and Singapore.---T.M.B.

{C328} Millington, R. 1997. Big on birds---India’s smallest state: Goa. Birding World 10: 108--111. (Stonerunner, Coast Road, Cley next the Sea, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7RZ, UK.)---Distribution of and key areas for birds in Goa.---T.M.B.

{C328} Pope, N. 1997. Sabah: birding in Borneo. Birding World 10: 62--67. ([Incomplete address given] Surrey, UK.)---Summary of the avifaunas of Tunku Abdul Rahman Natl. Pk., Likas Bay, Danum Valley, Uncle Tan’s Wildlife Camp and Mt. Kinabalu Natl. Pk.---T.M.B.

{C328} Rahmani, A. R., & R. G. Soni. 1997. Avifaunal changes in the Indian Thar Desert. J. Arid Environ. 36: 687--703. (Ctr. Wildl. Ornithol., Aligarh Muslim Univ., Aligarh 202 002, India.)

{C328} Riley, J. 1997. The Red and Blue Lory Eos histrio. Eclectus 3: 4--14. (1, The Croft, North Sunderland, Seahouses, Northumberland, UK.)---Reports survey in Sulawesi, Indonesia.---I.C.R.

{C328} Tipper, R. 1998. The World’s best wader-watching---and much more: birding in Hong Kong. Birding World 11: 138--148. ([Incomplete address given] E. Sussex, U.K.)

{C328} Undeland, P. 1997. Yellow-eyed Stock Doves at Harike, India. Birding World 10: 260. ([Incomplete address given] India.)---Flocks of 1,000+ Columba eversmanni wintering at Harike.---T.M.B.

{C328} Wardill, J. C., & I. Hunowu. 1998. First observations of the endemic subspecies of Black-fronted White-eye on Sangihe, North Sulawesi. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 48--49. (Action Sampiri Conservation project, 27 Carlton Avenue, Hornsea, E. Yorkshire HU18 1JG, UK.)---Records from Aug and Nov 1996 of Zosterops atrifrons nehrkorni, previously known from only one, lost, specimen from 1888, from Gunung Sahengbalira, Sangihe, Indonesia.---T.M.B.

{C330} Alabarce, E., & S. Periss. 1991. La Avifauna postreproductiva de los pastizales de altura (Tafí del Valle, Sierra del Aconquija, Tucumán). [Post-breeding bird faunas of highland savannas in Tucumán, Argentina]. Acta Zool. Lilloana 40(1): 125--133. (Fund. M. Lillo, Secc. Ornit., Miguel Lillo 251, 4000-Tucumán, Argentina.)---Ardea cocoi and Tachycineta leucorrhoa are new altitudinal records, Ammodramus humeralis new record for the area.---C.G.S.

{C330} Borges, S. 1994. Listagem e novos registros de aves para a regiao de Boa Vista, Roraima, Brasil. [New records and list of birds for Boa Vista, Roraima, Brasil.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 10(2): 191--202. (Bolsista da CAPES, Depto. Ecologia, Inst. Nac. de pesquisas da Amazonia-INDA, C.P. 478, CEP 69011-970 Manaus, AM, Brazil.)---215 species listed; Myrmornis torquata and Sporophila leucoptera are new records.---C.G.S.

{C330} Cabezas, V. M., H. Toro, L. Ruz, & E. Chiappa. 1989. Contribución a la Biogeografia del género Molothrus y extensión del rango septentrional del "Mirlo" M. bonarensis (Gmelin, 1789) en Chile (Aves: Icteridae). [Biogeography of cowbirds and range extension of the Shiny Cowbird.] An. Mus. Hist. Nat. Valparaíso 20: 81--84. (Lab. Zool., Univ. Católica de Valparaíso, casilla 4059, Valparaíso, Chile.)---The distribution of Molothrus species fits a vicariant model, except for the range expansion of Molothrus bonariensis.---C.G.S.

{C330} Ferreira R., A. A. 1994. Levantamiento preliminar da avifauna do Lago Mamirauá (Estacao Ecologica de Mamirauá), Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil. [Preliminary bird list of Lake Mamirauá ( Mamirauá Ecological Station), Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 10(2): 183-190. (Univ. Federal do Maranhao, Dept. Biologia, Largo dos Amores, 21, CEP 65.020-240, Sao Luís, MA, Brazil.)---Aquatic bird list and importance of the area for resident and migratory species.---C.G.S.

{C330} González, O., L. Pautrat, & J. González. 1998. [The most common birds in Lima {Peru} and environs.]. Editorial Santillana S. A., Lima, 159 pp. (Ring binder)---100 species, one per page, illustrated, with a brief description and indication of habitat, range, and habits.---M.A.P.

{C330} Haffer, J. 1992. On the "river effect" in some forest birds of southern Amazonia. Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8: 217--246. (Tommesweg 60, 4300 Essen 1, Germany).

{C330} Navaes, F., & M. Lima. 1992. Aves das campinas, capoeiras e manguezais do Leste do Pará. [Birds in several habitats of eastern Pará {Brazil}.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8(2): 271--303. (PR/CNPq. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Depto. Zoologia, Pesquisador, C.P. 399, CEP 66.017-970, Belém, PA, Brazil.)

{C330} Navaes, F., & M. Lima. 1994. Primer registro de Laterallus jamaicensis (Acaña-Preta) para o Brasil. [First record of the Black Rail in Brazil.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 10(2): 293--294. (Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi, Depto. Zoologia, C.P. 399, CEP 66.040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil.)

{C330} Negret, A. J. 1995. El vencejo negro (Cypseloides niger): una nueva adición a la avifauna colombiana. [Black Swift in Colombia.] Caldasia 18(86): 245--246. (Museo de Historia Natural, Universida del Cauca, Popayan.)---First record in South America---C.G.S.

{C330} Nores, M., & M. Cerana. 1990. Biogeography of forest relics in the mountains of northwestern Argentina. Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. 63: 37--46. (CONICET Centro de Zoología aplicada C. de C. 122,5000, Córdoba, Argentina. Fac. de Ciencias Agropecuarias C. de C. 509, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.)---Composition of bird and plant communities in rain forest patches suggests that they are relics of a previously continuous rain forest band.---C.G.S.

{C330} Oren, D., & L. M. Pinto Henriques. 1994. New and reconfirmed bird records for Marajó Island, Amazon River Estuary, Brazil. Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 10(2): 169--182. (Dept. Zool., Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi, CNPq, C.P. 399, CEP 66.017-970 Belém, Pará, Brazil.)---94 species are new records from the region.---C.G.S.

{C330} Pautrat O., L., & J. C. Riveros S. 1998. [Evaluation of the avifauna in the swamps of Villa, Lima {Peru}.] The swamps of Villa: Biology and Conservation. Ed. by A. Cano & K. R. Young. Mus. Hist. Nat., Univ. Nac. Mayor San Marcos, Ser. Divulgación, no 11: 85--103. (No address available.)---Abundance and status for 119 species.---M.A.P.

{C330} Rojas, R., W. Piragua, & F. G. Stiles. 1997. Primeros registros para Colombia de cuatro taxones de la familia Tyrannidae (Aves: Passeriformes). [First records of four tyrant flycatchers for Colombia.] Caldasia 19(3): 523--525. (Dept. Biología ,Univ. Nac. de Colombia, A.A. 14440, Bogotá, Colombia.)---Phelpsia inornata, Satrapa icterophrys, Serpophaga hypoleuca venezuelica, and Elaenia cristata cristata.---C.G.S.

{C330} Scherer-Neto, P.& L. Anjos. 1994. Avifauna do Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Estado de Paraná. [Bird fauna of Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Paraná {Brazil}.] Arq. Biol. Tecnol. 37: 223-229. (Museu de Hist. Nat., Secretaria Municipal do Medio Ambiente, Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba, Rua Benedito Conseicao, 407, 82810-080-Curitiba, PR, Brasil.)---158 species recorded, including Alectrurus tricolor and Theristicus caudatus.---C.G.S.

{C330} Tampson, V. 1990. Lista comentada das espécies de aves registradas para o Morro do Espelho, Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (1983-1988). [Avian species accounts for Morro do Espelho, Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (1983-1988).] Acta Biol. Leopoldensia 12: 19--37. (Museu de Zoologia da UNISINOS, Av. Unisinos 950 C.P. 275 93020-Sao Leopoldo-RS, Brazil.)---Of 96 species of birds listed, 52 are residents and the remainder are migratory.---C.G.S.

{C330} Velasquez Z., V. 1995. [Current situation of the avifauna in the Ica Valley {Peru}]. Bol. Lima no. 100: 195-202.---78 species in four zones of the valley. (German, Engl. summary).---M.A.P.

{C330} Vuilleumier, F. 1992. Biogeografia de las aves altoaldinas: ensayo sobre algunos aspectos de su evolución. [Bird biogeography and evolution in the Andes.] Ans. Inst. Patagonia Ser. Cs. Nts. 21: 39--66. (Dept. Ornithol., Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Central Park West at 79^th St., New York City, NY 10024, USA.)---Habitat distribution and bird faunas throughout the Andes mountains.---C.G.S.

{C330} Vuilleumier, F., A. Capparella, & J. Lazo A. 1992. Extensión del rango de Asthenes pyrrholeuca (Aves: Furnariidae) en Fuego-Patagonia Chilena. [Range extension of Asthenes pyrrholeuca in Chile.] Ans. Inst. Patagonia Ser. Cs. Nts. 21: 67--69. (Dept. Ornithol., Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Central Park West at 79^th St., New York City, NY 10024, USA.)---Range extended 130 km southeast of previously known range in Magallanes.---C.G.S.

{C330} Walker, B. 1998. Peru---the world’s best birding. Birding World 11: 68--77. ([Incomplete address given] Cusco, Peru.)---Summary of the key sites for birds in Peru, with emphasis on Manu Biosphere Reserve.---T.M.B.

{C704} Baylor, L. M. 1997. In Memoriam. Nathaniel R. Whitney, Jr., 1923--1997. S. Dakota Bird Notes 49: 57--59. (1941 Red Dale Dr., Rapid City, SD 57702, USA.)

{C704} Bourne, W. R. P., & A. C. F. David. 1995. The early history and ornithology of St Paul and Amsterdam islands, Indian Ocean. Gerfaut 85: 19--36. (Dept. Zool., Aberdeen Univ., Tillydrone Ave., Aberdeen AB9 2TN, UK.)

{C704} Buckingham, R. 1998. Obituary---Frank Norman Robinson. Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 314--315.

{C704} Burtt, E. H., Jr. 1998. Wilson Ornithological Society establishes Margaret Morse Nice Medal. Wilson Bull. 110: 25--27. (Dept. Zool., Ohio Wesleyan Univ., Delaware, OH 43015-2730, USA.)---Award honors lifetime contributions of ornithologists.---J.J.Dos.

{C704} Davis, W. E., Jr. 1997. Outram Bangs and the creation of a world-class bird collection at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 311--316. (C/O BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)

{C704} Gallagher, M. 1997. Oman ring recoveries. Oman Bird News 20 (Suppl. 1): 17. (P. O. Box 668, Muscat 113, Oman.)---History of ringing in Oman and recoveries.---P.J.C.

{C704} Kloot, T. 1998. The biography behind the bird: Gibberbird Ashbyia lovensis. Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 297--300. (8/114 Shannon St., Box Hill N., Vic. 3129, Australia.)---Biographies of Ashby and Love after whom genus and species respectively named.---I.D.E.

{C704} Wotzkow, C. 1992. In Memoriam: Rogelio García 1926--1992. El Pitirre 5(2): 2. (Rte. Reuchenette 22, Ch-2502, Bienne, Switzerland.).

{C704} Wotzkow, C., & B. Straub. 1996. The Charles-Eugéne Jenneret collection of Cuban birds. El Pitirre 9(2): 12. (Rte. Reuchenette 22, Ch-2502, Bienne, Switzerland.)---The Swiss Museum of Natural History at Neu holds 158 specimens of 82 species.---R.B.C.

{C706} Alvarenga, H. 1992. Coleçoes osteológicas: perspectivas para a Ornitologica no Brasil. [Skeleton collections in Brasil: perspective for ornithology.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8: 247--258. (Rua Colombia 99, CEP 12.O30 Tarbaté, Sao Paulo, Brazil.)---Uses in paleontology and systematics.---C.G.S.

{C706} Fisher, C. 1997. John Gilbert's Australian collections. Landscope 12 (3) [4]: 36--41. (Liverpool Museum, William Brown St., Liverpool L3 8EN, UK.)---The current location of Gilbert's specimens.---I.C.R.

{C706} Fisher, C. 1998. Where are they now? Landscope 13 (3): 40--47. (Liverpool Museum, William Brown St., Liverpool L3 8EN, UK.)---The present locations of early specimens of Australian birds and mammals.---I.C.R.

{C706} Kirwan, G. M. 1997. A list of bird specimens held in the Roberts College, Bebek (Istanbul, Turkey) collection, with some comments on Mathey-Dupraz (1920-24). Sandgrouse 19 (1): 30--38. (6 Connaught Rd., Norwich NR2 3BP, UK.)

{C706} Parkes, K. C. 1995. A summary of Caribbean bird specimens in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. El Pitirre 8(3): 5--7. (Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist., 4400 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213-4080, USA.)---Carnegie holds the most specimens from the Bahamas (954), Cuba (1058), Puerto Rico (604), and Trinidad and Tobago (604) and the Dominican Republic (108); all other localities are represented by less than 100 specimens, usually a dozen or less.---R.B.C.

{C706} Worthy, T. H. 1997. A survey of historical Laughing Owl (Scelogaux albifacies) specimens in museum collections. Notornis 44: 241--252. (Palaeofaunal Surveys, 43 The Ridgeway, Nelson, New Zealand.)---World wide there are 57 specimens and 17 eggs of this extinct endemic New Zealand owl.---E.O.M.

{C900} Berg, A. 1997. Diversity and abundance of birds in relation to forest fragmentation, habitat quality and heterogeneity. Bird Study 44: 355--366. (Dept. Conserv. Biol., Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci., Box 7002, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Stresses importance of habitat quality and attempts to define it.---D.W.

{C900} Brodmann, P. A., et al. 1991. [Census, recruitment area and habitat use of Black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus wintering in Zurich, Switzerland.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 9--25. (Mätteliweg 6, CH--8134 Adliswil, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.)

{C900} Bühler, U. 1991. [Population ecology of the Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus L. in Switzerland---a predator in an environment contaminated by chemical residues.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 341--452. (Via Concordia 9, CH--7013 Domat/Ems, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.)

{C900} Dirksen, S., & J. van der Winden. 1996. [Numbers of Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina in the Gouwzee in late summer and autumn vary with breeding success of Dutch population.] Limosa 69: 131--133. (Julianaweg 167, 3525 VD Utrecht, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C900} Durell, S. E. A. Le V. dit., & J. D. Goss-Custard. 1996. Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus sex ratios on the wintering grounds: the case of the Exe estuary. Ardea 84 A: 373--381. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Furzebrook Res. Stn., Wareham, Dorset BH20 5AS, UK.)---Sex ratios affected by disproportionate emigration/immigration and higher female mortality in young birds.---R.G.B.

{C900} Ganey, J. L., et al. 1998. Dispersal movements and survival rates of juvenile Mexican Spotted Owls in northern Arizona. Wilson Bull. 110: 206--217. (USDA For. Serv., Rocky Mtn. Res. Stn., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; EM: jlg@alpine.for.nau.edu)---Strix occidentalis lucida.

{C900} Gregory, R. D., S. P. Carter, & S. R. Baillie. 1997. Abundance, distribution and habitat use of breeding Goosanders Mergus merganser and Red-breasted Mergansers Mergus serrator on British rivers. Bird Study 44: 1--12. (BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK.)---Population of Mergus merganser estimated at 6,300 and of Mergus serrator at 1,550. River width had significant influence on presence of both species. Mergus serrator preferred slower, smoother river sections.---D.W.

{C900} Groves, C., et. al. 1997. Densities, distribution, and habitat of Flammulated Owls in Idaho. Great Basin Nat. 57: 116--123. (Idaho Conserv. Data Cent., Idaho Dept. Fish Game, Box 25, Boise, ID 83707, USA.)---Otus flammeolus occurs throughout mature stands of open Pinus ponderosa, and Pseudotsuga menziesii; bird most threatened by fire suppression and timber harvesting in Pinus groves.---R.B.C.

{C900} Haemig, P. D. 1997. Effects of birds on the intensity of ant rain: a terrestrial form of invertebrate drift. Anim. Behav. 54: 89--97. (Dept. Anim. Ecol., Umeå Univ., S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.)---Presence of foraging Parus major, Parus montanus, Dendrocopus major, Garrulus glandaria, Fringilla coelebs increased numbers of ants falling or jumping from trees.---A.K.T.

{C900} Hayward, G. D., P. H. Hayward, & E. O. Garton. 1993. Ecology of Boreal Owls in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Wildl. Monogr. 124: 1--59. (Rocky Mtn. For. & Range Exp. Stn., 222 S. 22nd St., Laramie, WY 82070, USA.)---Levels of habitat use by Aegolius funereus examined from large scale geographic distribution to individual home range to local nesting, roosting, and foraging habitats.---R.H.D.

{C900} Kirsch, E. M. 1996. Habitat selection and productivity of Least Terns on the Lower Platte River, Nebraska. Wildl. Monogr. 132: 1--48. (USGS/BRD, Upper Mississippi. Sci. Ctr., P.O. Box 818, La Crosse, WI 54602, USA.)---Sterna antillarum.

{C900} Koivula, K., M. Orell, & S. Rytkönen. 1996. Winter survival and breeding success of dominant and subordinate Willow Tits Parus montanus. Ibis 138: 624--629. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Oulu, Linnanmaa, SF--90570 Oulu, Finland.)---Social status affects individual fitness mainly through rank-dependent survival.---J.V.B.

{C900} Marks, J. S., & R. L. Redmond. 1996. Demography of Bristle-thighed Curlews Numenius tahitiensis wintering on Laysan Island. Ibis 138: 438--447. (Montana Coop. Wildl. Res. Unit., Univ. Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.)---High rate of survival and site-fidelity.---J.V.B.

{C900} Meire, P. M. 1996. Distribution of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus over a tidal flat in relation to their main prey species, Cockles Cerastoderma edule and Mussels Mytilus edulis: did it change after a substantial habitat loss? Ardea 84 A: 525--538. (Inst. Nat. Conserv., Min. Flemish Comm., Kliniekstraat 25, B1070 Brussels, Belgium.)---A 30% decrease in tidal area led to increasing bird numbers on mussel beds.---R.G.B.

{C900} Newton, S. F., & A. V. Newton. 1997. The effect of rainfall and habitat on abundance and diversity of birds in a fenced protected area in the central Saudi Arabian desert. J. Arid Environ. 35: 715--735. (N.C.W.C.D., Natl. Wildl. Res. Ctr., P. O. Box 1086, Taif, Saudi Arabia.)

{C900} Predavec, M. 1997. Seed removal by rodents, ants and birds in the Simpson Desert, central Australia. J. Arid Environ. 36: 327--332. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. Biol., Monash Univ., Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.)

{C900} Sargent, D. 1997. The influence of habitat on the reproductive output of Buzzards in the Highlands of Scotland. Scott. Birds 19 (Raptor Round Up suppl.): 16--18. (Cruach Innse, Roy Bridge, Inverness-shire PH31 4AJ, UK.)---Buteo buteo.

{C900} van der Kooij, H. 1992. [Can Purple Heron Ardea purpurea and Goshawk Accipiter gentilis breed side by side?] Limosa 65: 53--56. (Groenendaal 8, 4041 XX Kesteren, Netherlands.)---Local declines in Purple Herons caused by drought in wintering areas and vegetational changes in breeding areas, not by colonization of wetlands by Goshawks. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C900} van der Valk, R. 1996. [The possible influence of Foxes Vulpes vulpes on the breeding biology of the Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula in the Amsterdam Waterwork Dunes.] Limosa 69: 97--102. (J. Buiskoweg 10a, 9695 TT Bellingwolde, Netherlands.)---Impact of foxes on breeding success and laying date dampened by increase in population of Oryctolagus cuniculus and expansion of dense vegetation. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C900} van Dijk, K., & O. Overdijk. 1996. [Spoonbills Platalea leucorodia at post-breeding staging sites in The Netherlands in August 1995.] Limosa 69: 175--179. (Vogelbescherming Nederland, Driebergseweg 16c, 3708 JB Zeist, Netherlands.)---Counts of juveniles in flocks of roosting birds good indicator of breeding success. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C900} van Eerden, M. R., & M. J. Munsterman. 1995. Sex and age dependent distribution in wintering Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis in western Europe. Ardea 83 (1): 285--297. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Unequal sex ratio may reflect different mortality rates in relation to cost of migration, being highest in females and juveniles.---R.G.B.

{C900} van Manen, W. 1996. [Demography and food of Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus wintering in Drenthe.] Limosa 69: 9--12. (Groenkampen 123, 9407 RM Assen, Netherlands.)---Sex and age of roosting birds in relation to numbers of Microtus arvalis. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C900} Vangilder, L. D., & E. W. Kurzejeski. 1995. Population ecology of the Eastern Wild Turkey in Northern Missouri. Wildl. Monogr. 130: 1--50. (Missouri Dept. Conserv., Fish & Wildl. Res. Ctr., 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, MO 65201, USA.)---Cause of specific mortality, survival, and reproduction estimated in Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; harvest strategy can influence population growth.---R.H.D.

{C902} Boudewijn T. J., & S. Dirksen. 1995. Impact of contaminants on the breeding success of the Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis in The Netherlands. Ardea 83 (1): 352--338. (Bureau Ecoland, Hoofdstraat 178, 2351 AR Leiderdorp, Netherlands.)---Organochlorine contaminants most likely cause of reduced egg shell thickness, high embryo mortality, and high nestling mortality in Biesbosch colony.---R.G.B.

{C902} Hanowski, J. M., et al. 1997. Response of breeding birds to mosquito control treatments of wetlands. Wetlands 17: 485--492. (Ctr. Water Environ., Nat. Resour. Res. Inst., Univ. of Minnesota, 5013 Miller Trunk Hwy., Duluth, MN 55811, USA.)---Bird numbers and species richness were not affected by mosquito control treatments.---W.P.J.

{C902} Jarrett, M. 1997. Evidence of lead toxicity in wild Kea, Nestor notabilis. Eclectus 3: 39--40. (Dept. Entom. & Anim. Ecol., P.O. Box 84, Lincoln Univ. NZ)

{C902} Platteeuw, M., M. R. van Eerden, & K. van de Guchte. 1995. Variation in contaminant content of livers from Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis living nearby a polluted sedimentation area in lake IJsselmeer, The Netherlands. Ardea 83 (1): 315--324. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Levels generally lower in immature birds than in adults, and related to sex and apparent individual differences in food choice.---R.G.B.

{C902} Sawicka-Kapusta, K., et al. 1996. Heavy metal concentration in the tissues of Common Partridge (Perdix perdix L.) from southern Poland. J. Wildl. Res. 1: 62--64. (Dept. Anim. Ecol., Inst. Environ. Biol., Jagiellonian Univ., Ingardena 6, 30--060 Kraków, Poland.)---Cadmium, lead, zinc, and iron levels not high and unlikely to cause any damage.---J.P.

{C902} van den Berg, M., et al. 1995. The (possible) impact of chlorinated dioxins (pcdds), dibenzofurans (pcdfs) and biphenyls (pcbs) on the reproduction of the Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo---an ecotoxicological approach. Ardea 83 (1): 299--313. (Res. Inst. Toxicol., Univ. Utrecht, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands.)

{C902} Wesolowski, T. 1991. [Importance of nesting success for the decrease of Tree Sparrow Passer montanus in Switzerland.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 253--263. (Dept. Avian Ecol., Wroclaw Univ., Sienkiewicza 21, PL--50 335 Wroclaw, Poland.)---Low reproductive rate from 1962--79 possibly caused by organochloride pesticides. (German, Engl. summ.)---M.G.

{C904} Dnowski, K. 1997. Biomonitoring with the use of Magpie Pica pica feathers: heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of zinc smelters and national parks in Poland. Acta Ornith. 32: 15--23. (Dept. Ecol., Warsaw Univ., Krakowskie Przedmiescie 26/28, 00--927 Warsaw, Poland.)---Rectrices used for monitoring zinc pollution from smelters.---J.P.

{C904} Kinzelbach, R., B. Nicolai, & R. Schlenker. 1997. [The Bee-eater Merops apiaster as indicator for climatic change. Notes on the invasion in the year 1644 to Bavaria, Switzerland and Baden.] J. Ornithol. 138: 297--308. (Allgem. & Spez. Zool., Universitaetsplatz 2, D-18055 Rostock, Germany.)---Records between 1500--1800 show Bee-eaters to be indicators of mild winters. (German, English summ.)---P.H.B.

{C904} Maly, L. 1997. [Relationship between birds and state of the water courses. The Meurthe, north-east France.] Alauda 65: 37--41. (LPO Lorraine, B.P. 20042, Le Ban Saint-Martin, F--57056 Metz Cedex 02, France.)---Avifauna can be a good biological indicator. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C904} Yosef, R. 1997. Reactions of birds to an earthquake. Bird Study 44: 123--124. (Int. Birding Ctr., P. O. Box 774, Eilat 88106, Israel.)---Advance warning given by gulls flying from areas of open sea which were close to epicentre and heading inland.---D.W.

{C906} Cook, W. A. 1997. The destruction by storm of the Australasian Gannet (Morus serrator) colony at Farewell Spit. Notornis 44: 174--175. (Edens Rd., Hope, R.D. 1, Richmond, New Zealand.)---Most of the ca. 1000 nests in this sea-level colony were destroyed by a storm on 11 January 1997.---E.O.M.

{C906} Douglas, L. 1997. Black-capped Petrels flee into Canada before Hurricane Fran. El Pitirre 10(1): 15--16. (Dept. Life Sci., Univ. West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.)---23 dead Pterodroma hasitata found on the north shore of Lake Erie and on shore of Lake Ontario, most of which presumably died 13--16 Sep 1996; summary given of reports elsewhere.---R.B.C.

{C906} Holland, P. K., & D. W. Yalden. 1995. Who lives and who dies? The impact of severe April weather on breeding Common Sandpipers Actitis hypoleucos. Ringing Migr. 16: 121--123. (2 Rennie Ct., Brettargh Dr., Lancaster LA1 5BN, UK.)

{C906} Kirby, J. S. 1997. Influence of environmental factors on the numbers and activity of wintering Lapwings and Golden Plovers. Bird Study 44: 97--110. (BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK.)---Temperature and the phase of the lunar cycle particularly important in affecting distribution and activity of Vanellus vanellus, Pluvialis apricaria.---D.W.

{C906} Offringa, H. 1996. [Bad-weather movements of Swifts Apus apus at sea, 1980--94.] Limosa 69: 1--8. (Eiermarkt 89, 6042 HV Roermond, Netherlands.)---Ship-based observations in Channel, Celtic Sea and Bay of Biscay suggest Swifts avoid periods of rain. (Dutch, Engl.summ.)---R.G.B.

{C906} Rivera Milán, F. F. 1989. Preliminary assessment of the impact of Hurricane Hugo to columbid populations in Puerto Rico and offshore satellite islands. El Pitirre 2(3): 2. (Terr. Ecol. Sect., Dept. Nat. Resour., Stop #3, Puerta de Tierra, San Juan, PR 09006, USA.)---No clear impact in Puerto Rico, but Columba squamosa populations severely affected on Vieques and Culebra.---R.B.C.

{C908} Alabarce, E., C. Laredoo, M. Lucero & R. Vides. 1990. Análisis de la estructura de una comunidad de Aves en la localidad de Las Juntas, provincia de Catamarca. Estudio preliminar. [Analysis of bird communities in Las Juntas, Catamarca {Argentina}. Preliminary results.] Acta Zool. Lilloana 39(2): 45--52. (Fund. Miguel Lillo, Sección Ornitología, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000-Tucumán, Argentina.)---Fruit-, seed-, and insect-eaters predominate.---C.G.S.

{C908} Anjos, L. 1990. Distribuicao de aves en uma floresta de araucária da Cidade de Curitaba (Sul do Brasil). [Bird distribution in an araucaria forest of Curitiba City, South Brasil]. Acta Biol. Parana. (Curitaba) 19: 51--63. (Curso de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biológicas [Zoología], VFPR C.P. 19.020--81.504 Curitaba, Parana, Brasil.)---Syrigma sibilatrix, Contopus cinereus, and Basileuterus leucoblepharus are restricted in this kind of forest, Zonotrichia capensis is of broader distribution.---C.G.S.

{C908} Best, L. B., et al. 1997. Bird abundance and nesting in CRP fields and cropland in the Midwest: a regional approach. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 864--877. (Dept. Anim. Ecol., 124 Science II, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011-3221, USA.)---Bird abundance was greater in fields enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program than in row crops; nest success in CRP fields was 40%; Agelaius phoeniceus, Ammodramus savannarum, Spiza americana.---W.P.J.

{C908} Canterbury, G. E., & D. E. Blockstein. 1997. Local changes in a breeding bird community following forest disturbance. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 537--546. (USFWS, 3310 El Camino Ave., Sacramento, CA 95821, USA.)---Dutch elm disease, drought, and windstorms in northern Minnesota changed a closed-canopy forest to a more open habitat, with substantial change in such species as Seiurus aurocapillus, Catharus fuscescens, Oporornis philadelphia, Melospiza melodia, and Zonotrichia albicollis.---R.A.I.

{C908} Cicero, C. 1997. Boggy meadows, livestock grazing, and interspecific interactions: influences on the insular distribution of montane Lincoln's Sparrows Melospiza lincolnii alticola. Great Basin Nat. 57: 104--115. (Mus. Vert. Zool., Univ. California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.)---Sparrows most common in California in wet meadows with little grazing with singing males concentrated in flooded or boggy areas near meadow edges; their abundance was negatively correlated with abundance of sympatric Melospiza melodia.---R.B.C.

{C908} Combreau, O., & T. R. Smith. 1997. Summer habitat selection by Houbara Bustards introduced in central Saudi Arabia. J. Arid Environ. 36: 149--160. (N.A.R.C., P. O. Box 45553, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.)---Chlamydotis undulata.

{C908} Costa S., F., & P. Scherer-Neto. 1995. Novas observacoes sobre o "Cunhataí" Triclaria malachitacea (Spix, 1824) nos Estados do Paraná e Sao Paulo (Psittacidae, Aves). [New observations on the "Cunhataí" Triclaria malachitacea in the states of Parana and Sao Paulo, Brazil.] Acta Biol. Leopoldensia 17: 147-152. (Museu de Hist. Nat. Capao da Imbuia, [SMMA/ Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba]. Rua Prof. Benedito Conceicao, 407. Curitiba, Paraná, 82.810-080 Brazil.)---The Purple-belled Parrot inhabits original vegetation in the southeastern forests of the Atlantic Coast of Brazil.---C.G.S.

{C908} Cueto, V. R. 1996. [Relationship between bird assemblages and vegetation structure. An analysis at three spatial scales.] Ph.D. dissert.. Univ. Buenos Aires, Argentina (Museo Argentino Ciencias Naturales, Av. A. Gallardo 470, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina; EM: vcueto@mastoz.edu.ar)---The role of vegetation structure was studied as a proximate factor in avian habitat selection at microhabitat, local, and regional scales, and as an ultimate factor associated with birds’ acquisition of food. (Spanish, Engl. summ.)---V.R.C.

{C908} Dale, B. C., P. A. Martin, & P. S. Taylor. 1997. Effects of hay management on grassland songbirds in Saskatchewan. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 616--626. (Nongame Div., Environ. Conserv. Br., Can. Wildl. Serv., Room 200, 4999-98 Ave., Edmonton, AB, T6B 2X3, Can..)---Ammodramus bairdii and Anthus spragueii were most abundant on idle native grassland, in intermediate numbers on annually mowed nonnative grassland, and least abundant on idle nonnative grasslands. Passerculus sandwichensis were most common in idle nonnative grasslands and least common in annually mowed nonnative grasslands.---W.P.J.

{C908} Garay, G., W. Johnson, & W. Franklin. 1991. Relative abundance of aquatic birds and their use of wetlands in the Patagonia of southern Chile. Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. 64: 127-137. (Ctro. de Inv. de Vida Silvestre Patagónica, Uni. Estatal de Iowa, Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, CONAF, Puerto Natales Chile.)---Chloephaga picta and Fulica armillata are dominant waterbirds in the area.---C.G.S.

{C908} Haggerty, T. M. 1998. Vegetation structure of Bachman’s Sparrow breeding habitat and its relationship to home range. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 45--50. (Dept. Biol., Univ. North Alabama, Florence, AL 35630, USA.)---Aimophila aestivalis prefers forbs and cespitose grasses, low tree and shrub densities, and reduced litter.---R.A.I.

{C908} Haight, A., & B. C. Reeder. 1997. Avifauna use of constructed wetlands in the Cave Run Lake [Kentucky] area. Kentucky Warbler 73: 24--27. (Dept. Biol. & Environ. Sci., Morehead State Univ., Morehead, KY 40351, USA.)---Habitat widely used by birds, a majority of which were characteristic of wetlands.---R.B.C.

{C908} Hamilton C., Z. G., & G. Bencke. 1995. Aves do Novo Campus da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS, Sao Leopoldo, R.S. [Birds from the new campus of the Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS, Sao Leopoldo, R.S., Brazil.] Acta Biol. Leopoldensia 17: 123--145. (FATES-Museu de Ciencias Naturais C.P. 155, 95900-000, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.)---Bird communities affected by the construction of the new campus.---C.G.S.

{C908} Kalejta-Summers, B. 1997. Diet and habitat preferences of wintering passerines on the Taff/Ely saltmarshes [Wales]. Bird Study 44: 367--373. (Lismore, Mill Cres., North Kessock, Inverness IV1 1XY, Scotland, UK.)---Of 22 species recorded, most abundant were Alauda arvensis, Fringilla coelebs, Anthus pratensis, Emberiza schoeniclus; these preferred different plant communities.---D.W.

{C908} Keegan, T. W., & J. A. Crawford. 1997. Brood-rearing habitat use by Rio Grande Wild Turkeys in Oregon. Great Basin Nat. 57: 220--230. (Dept. Fish. Wildl., Nash Hall 104, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA.)---Meleagris gallopavo intermedia broods used most types of cover, but meadows, mixed hardwood/conifer woodlands, and savannahs were used more than expected, such areas often resembling parkland.---R.B.C.

{C908} Kutt, A. S., & S. D. Skull. 1995. Fauna in the riparian zone of the middle Burdekin River, with reference to vegetation, habitat condition and conservation status. Qld. Nat. 33: 57--65. (Aust. Ctr. Tropical Freshwater Res., James Cook Univ., Townsville, Qld. 4811, Australia.)---NE Queensland, Australia; 93 species.---J.M.P.

{C908} La Haye, M., et al. 1995. [Habitat use of Tawny Owls Strix aluco in the Amsterdam Waterwork Dunes, as shown by telemetry.] Limosa 68: 73--76. (Gemeentewaterleidingen, Afd. Procesontwikkeling, Vogelenzangseweg 21, 2114 BA Vogelenzang, Netherlands.)---Variation in home ranges due to habitat structure. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C908} Launay, F., et al. 1997. Habitat use by Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) in arid shrubland in the United Arab Emirates. J. Arid Environ. 35: 111--121. (N.A.R.C., P. O. Box 45553, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.)

{C908} Laven, N. H., & R. MacNally*. 1998. Association of birds with fallen timber in box-ironbark forest of central Victoria. Corella 22: 56--60. (*Sec. Ecol., Dept. Biol. Sci., Monash Univ., Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia). Birds occur more frequently and in greater diversity in areas with fallen timber. Food availability and shelter considered as explanations.---I.D.E.

{C908} MacNally, R. M., & J. M. McGoldrick. 1997. Landscape dynamics of bird communities in relation to mass flowering in some eucalypt forests of central Victoria, Australia. J. Avian Biol. 28: 171--183. (Dept. Ecol. & Evol. Biol., Monash Univ., Clayton 3168, Vic., Australia. EM: dacelo@silas.cc.monash.edu.au).

{C908} Marion, L. 1995. Where two subspecies meet: origin, habitat choice and niche segregation of Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo carbo and Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis in the common wintering area (France), in relation to breeding isolation in Europe. Ardea 83 (1): 103--114. (Lab. Evol. Syst. Nat. & Modifiés, Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., Univ. Rennes, U.A. 696, Campus Beaulieu, Boulevard Gén. Leclerc, F%35042, France.)---P. c. carbo winters mainly at sea, P. c. sinensis inland.---R.G.B.

{C908} Mason, D. 1996. Responses of Venezuelan understory birds to selective logging, enrichment strips, and vine cutting. Biotropica 28: 296--309. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Wisconsin, 250 N. Mills St., Madison, WI 53706, USA.)---Birds assemblages changes in proportion to the magnitude of the forestry disturbances. With increasing disturbance, nectivores increased in abundance, insectivores generally declined, while frugivores remained the same.---G.R.

{C908} McDonald, M. W., & K. P. Reese. 1998. Landscape changes within the historical distribution of Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse in eastern Washington: Is there hope? Northwest Sci. 72: 34--41. (Dept. Fish & Wildl. Resour., Univ. Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.)---The decline in grassland and sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitat preferred by Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus from 25% and 44%, respectively, to 1% and 16% of the landscape has resulted in small, disjunct populations. Because of population sizes and landscape characteristics, recovery efforts should focus on the Dyer Hill and Colville populations.---T.D.R.

{C908} Moskát, C., T. I. Fuisz, & J. Y. Park. 1996. Comparison of habitat selection characteristics of the Robin (Erithacus rubecula) and the Dunnock (Prunella modularis) in riparian forests along the River Danube. Ornis Hungarica 6: 15--22. (Hungarian Nat. Hist. Mus., Budapest, Baross u. 13, H-1088, Hungary.)---Dunnocks prefer more open forests than Robins.---T.S.

{C908} Naef%Daenzer, B. 1994. Radiotracking of Great and Blue Tits: new tools to assess territoriality, home-range use and resource distribution. Ardea 82: 335--347. (Swiss Ornithol. Inst., CH--6204 Sempach, Switzerland.)---Range use in breeding season of Parus major and Parus caeruleus largely determined by spatial distribution of caterpillars.---R.G.B.

{C908} Nagarajan, R., & K. Thiyagesan. 1996. Waterbirds and substrate quality of the Pichavaram wetlands, southern India. Ibis 138: 710--721. (Div. Wildl. Biol., A.V.C. Coll., Mannampandal 609 305, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India.)---In relation to mud phosphorus levels, pH, nitrates and water level.---J.V.B.

{C908} Naranjo, L. G., & P. Chacón de Ulloa. 1997. Diversidad de insectos y aves insectivoras de sotobosque en habitats perturbados de selva lluviosa tropical. [Insect diversity and birds in the understory of disturbed habitats of the rain forest.] Caldasia 19(3): 507--520. (Depto. Biología, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia.)---Insectivorous birds in the understory indicate habitat quality.---C.G.S.

{C908} Naugle, D. E., et al. 1997. Factors influencing wetland use by Canada Geese. Wetlands 17: 552--558. (Dept. Wildl. Fish. Sci., S. Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD 57007, USA.)---Juxtaposition and size of wetlands influence Branta canadensis use.---W.P.J.

{C908} Navaes, F. 1994. Aves da floresta de Igapó, Rio Negro (Estado da Amazonas), Brasil. [Birds from the forests of Igapó, Rio Negro (Estado da Amazonas), Brazil.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 10(2): 155--168. (PR/MCT/CNPq, Dept. Zool., Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi, CNPq, C.P. 399, CEP 66.040-170, Belém, PA, Brasil. Pesquisador---Bolsista do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimiento Científico e Tecnológico.)---Bird community structure in an inundated rain forest.---C.G.S.

{C908} Rolando, A., & P. Laiolo. 1994. Habitat selection of Hooded and Carrion crows in the Alpine hybrid zone. Ardea 82: 193--200. (Dipto. Biol. Anim., via Accademia Albertina 17, 10123 Turin, Italy.)---Corvus corone corone and Corvus corone cornix.

{C908} Ruiters, R., R. Noordhuis, & M. S. van den Berg. 1994. [Stoneworts account for fluctuations in Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina in The Netherlands.] Limosa 67: 147--158. (RIZA, P.O. Box 17, 8200 AA Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Improvement of water quality in IJssel lakes resulted in return of Nitellopsis obtusa, the main food of Netta rufina. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C908} Sjogren, S. J., & W. L. Robinson. 1997. Seasonal habitat utilization and home range size of prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse in the Hiawatha National Forest, MI. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 177--189. (Hiawatha Natl. For., St. Ignace, MI 49781, USA.)---Tympanuchus phasianellus.

{C908} Stoate, C. 1997. Abundance of Whitethroats Sylvia communis and potential invertebrate prey, in two Sahelian sylvi-agricultural habitats. Malimbus 19: 7--11. (Game Conserv. Trust, Fordingbridge, SP6 1EF, UK.)---Tudu habitat (dry farmland with indigenous trees and shrubs) compared to recently coppiced Neem (Azadirachta indica) plantations in January 1996 in northern Nigeria. Whitethroats and two other warblers (Sylvia cantillans and Prinia subflava), present in Tudu, were absent in Neem plantations.---P.W.P.B.

{C908} Timoney, K., S. C. Zoltal, & L. G. Goldsborough. 1997. Boreal diatom ponds: a rare wetland associated with nesting Whooping Cranes. Wetlands 17: 539--551. (Treeline Ecol. Res., 21551 Twp. Rd. 520, Sherwood Park, AB T8E 1E3, Can..)---Grus americana.

{C908} Urano, E., et al. 1994. Different habitat use among three sympatric species of couas Coua cristata, Coua coquereli and Coua ruficeps in western Madagascar. Ibis 136: 485--487. (Bird Control Lab., Natl. Agric. Res. Ctr., Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.)

{C908} Venegas, C. 1991. Emsambles avifaunisticos estivales del archipiélago Cabo de Hornos. [Summer bird communities at Archipelago Cabo de Hornos {Chile}.] Ans. Inst. Patagonia Ser. Cs. Nts. 20: 69--82. (Lab. Zool., Instituto de la Patagonia, Univ. Magallanes. Casilla 113-D. Punta Arenas, Chile.)---Marine species predominate in the beach and land habitats.---C.G.S.

{C908} Vila, C., J. D. Rodriguez-Teijeiro, & F. Oliva. 1996. Diurnal cycles in microhabitat use by forest passerines: consequences for community structure. Ibis 138: 308--314. (Dept. Biol., Univ. California, 621 Circle Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.)---In Parus ater, Parus cristatus, Regulus regulus and Certhia sp.---J.V.B.

{C908} Watson, A., & R. Rea. 1997. Some effects of set-aside on breeding birds in northeast Scotland. Bird Study 44: 245--251. (ITE, Banchory, Kincardineshire AB31 4BY, UK.)---1st-summer set-aside fields held more breeding species than in the previous summer. Later years held lower densities and fewer species.---D.W.

{C908} Wunderle, J. M., Jr., & S. C. Latta. 1998. Avian resource use in Dominican shade coffee plantations. Wilson Bull. 110: 271--281. (Int. Inst. Trop. For., USDA For. Serv., P.O. Box B, Palmer, Puerto Rico 00721, USA)---All 19 species studied foraged in the overstory (predominated by Mimosoideae, Inga vera) while none foraged exclusively in the coffee (Coffea arabica). "Sun coffee" plantations are less attractive to birds than traditional farms with shade overstory. Includes English and Spanish abstracts.---J.J.Dos.

{C910} Bertran, J., & A. Margalida. 1996. [Age groups of Lammergeiers Gypaetus barbatus on breeding sites in accordance with seasons.] Alauda 64: 171--178. (GEPT, Apdo. 43, E-25520 El Pont de Suert (Lleida), Spain.)---51.2% immature in Spanish Pyrenees. (Spanish, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C910} Dean, T. F., et al. 1998. Longevity and site fidelity of Florida Grasshopper Sparrows. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 51--54. (OLA DET 1, 3470G/CEVN, 29 South Blvd., Avon Pk. AF Range, FL 33825-5700, USA.)---At least 6.6 yr for Ammodramus savannarum floridanus.---R.A.I.

{C910} Insley, H., et al. 1997. Survival rates of Redshank Tringa totanus wintering on the Moray Firth [Scotland]. Bird Study 44: 277--289. (Peach, W., BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK.)---Juvenile survival rate varied widely among years, averaging 43%. Adult survival between 2nd and 3rd winters was 67%, for older birds it was 74%.---D.W.

{C910} Johnston, J. P., et al. 1997. Survival rates of tropical and temperate passerines: a Trinidadian perspective. Am. Nat. 150: 771--789. (Brit. Trust Ornithol., The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK; EM: will.peach@bto.org)---Data from 10-year study show adult survival rates for 17 Trinidadian species higher than European or North American species of similar body size after controlling for phylogeny.---J.R.F.

{C912} Beauchamp, A. J. 1997. Sudden death of Weka (Gallirallus australis) on Kawau Island, New Zealand. Notornis 44: 165--170. (71 Church St., Onerahi, Whangarei, New Zealand.)---18 adults and 5 sub-adults found dead with no common cause of death established.---E.O.M.

{C912} Becker, P. H., et al. 1997. [Starvation of Common Tern Sterna hirundo fledglings during heat waves.] J. Ornithol. 138:171--182. (Inst. f. Vogelforschung, An der Vogelwarte 21, D--26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.)---During heat waves food not sufficient to cover demands of fledged chicks for energy and water. (German, Engl. summ.)---P.H.B.

{C912} Camphuysen, C. J. 1993. [Beached seabirds in The Netherlands: 26 years of study (1965%91).] Limosa 66: 1--16. (NIOZ, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C912} Camphuysen, C. J., et al. 1996. Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus winter mortality in The Netherlands: the effect of severe weather and food supply. Ardea 84 A: 469--492. (NIOZ, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---Number of cold winter days and prey biomass had significant effects on mortality.---R.G.B.

{C912} Greenwood, R. J., et al. 1995. Factors associated with duck nest success in the Prairie Pothole Region of Canada. Wildl. Monogr. 128: 1--57. (USGS/BRD, North. Prairie Wildl. Res. Ctr., Jamestown, ND 58401, USA.)---Anas platyrhynchos, Anas strepera, Anas discors, Anas clypeata, Anas acuta; predators responsible for most nest failures in all species studied.---R.H.D.

{C912} Koivula, K., S. Rytkönen, & M. Orell. 1995. Hunger-dependency of hiding behaviour after a predator attack in dominant and subordinate Willow Tits. Ardea 83: 397--404. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Oulu, Linnanmaa, FIN--90570 Oulu, Finland.)---Incautious subordinate Parus montanus cope with high starvation risk resulting from restricted access to food.---R.G.B.

{C912} Redmayne, A. C. 1996. Azure Kingfisher (Alcedo azurea) choking on an Ouwen's Goby (Sicyopterus ouwensi). Muruk 8: 35. (Zool. Dept., Otago Univ., P.O. Box 56, Otago, New Zealand.)

{C914} Andres, S. 1996. Monitoring breeding birds in the Ottawa National Forest [Michigan], 1994--95: Effects of management on neotropical bird populations. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 3: 141--147. (Rt.1, Box 100A, Hancock, MI 49930, USA.)

{C914} Bakker, T. 1993. [Surveying Scarlet Rosefinches Carpodacus erythrinus on Schiermonnikoog in 1992.] Limosa 66: 67--69. (Sumatralaan 44a, 9715 GG Groningen, Netherlands.)---Low singing intensity, short singing period and mobility of males complicate breeding bird survey. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Beauchamp, A. J., et al. 1998. The decline of North Island Weka (Gallirallus australis greyi) at Parekura Bay, Bay of Islands. Notornis 45: 31--43. (71 Church St., Whangarei, New Zealand.)---This New Zealand population declined from ca. 400 in 1987 to 3 in 1995. Road kills, traps, dogs and stoats are known mortality factors.---E.O.M.

{C914} Beaver, D. L., & J. J. Roth. 1997. Winter survey of raptors with notes on avian scavengers in northwestern Colorado. Great Basin Nat. 57: 184--186. (Dept. Zool., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.)---Data for Aquila chrysaetos, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Buteo lagopus, Falco mexicanus, Corvus corax, Corvus brachyrhynchos, Pica pica; area apparently an important overwintering area for Aquila.---R.B.C.

{C914} Bekhuis, J., et al. 1993. [Increase of the Dutch Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus population in 1988%92.] Limosa 66: 97--106. (SOVON, Rijksstraatweg 178, 6573 DG Beek-Ubbergen, Netherlands.)---After colonization in 1981, population increased to 225--250 pairs in 1992. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Birrer, S. 1991. [Numbers of breeding Tufted Ducks in Switzerland 1958--1990.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 321--335. (Schweiz. Vogelwarte, CH--6204 Sempach, Switzerland.)---Aythya fuligula increased from 1 to 89 pairs. (German, Engl. summ.)---M.G.

{C914} Bokotey, A. A. 1997. Numbers and distribution of the Magpie Pica pica in Lviv, Ukraine. Acta Ornith. 32: 5--7. (State Mus. Nat. Hist., Natl. Acad. Sci. Ukraine, Teatralna 18, 290008 Lviv, Ukraine.)

{C914} Bourgonje, A. 1994. [Wintering Scandinavian Rock Pipits Anthus spinoletta littoralis at ‘Verdronken Land van Saeftinghe’.] Limosa 67: 117--118. (Duchatelstraat 12, 2596 EL Den Haag, Netherlands.)---Estimate of 5300 birds on 2450-ha saltmarsh in winter of 1992/93. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Busse, P., et al. 1995. Population number dynamics 1961-1990 of Sylvia species caught during autumn migration at some north and central European bird stations. Ring 17: 12--30. (Bird Migration Res. Stn., Univ. Gdansk, Przebendowo, 84--210 Choczewo, Poland.)---Sylvia atricapilla, Sylvia borin, Sylvia curruca, Sylvia communis and Sylvia nisoria all declined significantly.---J.P.

{C914} Castelijns, H. 1994. [Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa and Ruff Philomachus pugnax winter in increasing numbers in Zeeuws-Vlaanderen (SW-Netherlands).] Limosa 67: 113--115. (Marollenoord 10, 4553 CP Philippine, Netherlands.)---Review of numbers in winters 1973-1993. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Castelijns, H., & R. van Westrienen. 1994. [A separate status for Stonechats Saxicola torquata in Zeeland Flanders?] Limosa 67: 101--108. (Marollenoord 10, 4553 CP Philippine, Netherlands.)---Contrary to Dutch overall decline, population in SW-Netherlands increased from 41-65 in 1975 to 241-271 pairs in 1993. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Charlwood, R., & L. Charlwood. 1997. Midway: gem of the Pacific. Birding World 10: 263--266. ([Incomplete address given] East Sussex, UK.)---Seabird populations, especially Diomedea immutabilis (396,000 pairs), Diomedea nigripes (69,000 pairs), Pterodroma hypoleuca (64,000 pairs) and Phaethon rubricauda (18,000 pairs).---T.M.B.

{C914} Christen, W. 1991. [10 years of breeding bird censuses on three study plots in the Aare plain west of Solothurn, Switzerland.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 81--100. (Langendorfstr. 42, CH--4500 Solothurn, Switzerland.)---Change in breeding bird community correlated with vegetation changes. (German, Engl. summ.)---M.G.

{C914} Christen, W. 1991. [Decline of Whitethroat Sylvia communis and Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra in the Aare plain west of Solothurn (Switzerland).] Ornithol. Beob. 88:141--143. (Langendorfstr. 42, CH--4500 Solothurn, Switzerland.) (German.)

{C914} Collins, C. T., & L. M. Kares. 1997. Seasonal flock sizes of naturalized Mitred Parakeets (Aratinga mitrata) in Long Beach, California. West. Birds 28: 218--222. (Dept. Biol. Sci., California State Univ., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.)---Population growth over 15-year period.---K.C.M.

{C914} Debout, G., N. Røv, & R. M. Sellers. 1995. Status and population development of Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo carbo breeding on the Atlantic coast of Europe. Ardea 83 (1): 47--59. (Groupe Ornithol. Normand, Univ. Caen, F%14032 Caen Cedex, France.)---About 37,000 pairs in France, Britain, Ireland and Norway, mainly nesting on cliffs.---R.G.B.

{C914} Dombrowski, A. 1997. The abundance of breeding populations of Magpies Pica pica in various types of agricultural landscape in Poland. Acta Ornith. 32: 24--32. (ul. Swierkowa 18, 08--110 Siedlce, Poland.)

{C914} Durell, S. E. A. Le V. dit., S. J. Ormerod, & P. J. Dare. 1996. Differences in population structure between two Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus roosts on the Burry inlet, South Wales. Ardea 84 A: 383--388. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Furzebrook Res. Stn., Wareham, Dorset BH20 5AS, UK.)---Population structure of roosts reflects birds’ feeding preferences.---R.G.B.

{C914} Fasola, M., et al. 1996. Changes in density distribution of the Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix and the Magpie Pica pica in northern Italy. Avocetta 20: 125--131. (Dept. Biol. Anim., Pavia Univ., P. Botta 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.)---Breeding populations of both species greater in 1994 than in 1980.---A.S.

{C914} Ganzenwerkgroep Nederland/België. 1992. [Goose counts in The Netherlands and Belgium in 1989/90.] Limosa 65: 163--169. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 9201, 6800 HB Arnhem, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C914} Gaosafelwe, E. S., P. Hancock & M. H. Madongo. 1997. A count of Marabou and Yellowbilled Storks breeding at Gadikwe, Xhobega and Xakanaxa in Moremi Game Reserve [Botswana] during January 1997. Babbler 32: 26--28. (Botswana Wildl. Training Inst., P. O. Box 368, Maun, Botswana.)---Leptoptilos crumeniferus, Mycteria ibis.

{C914} Garrett, K. L. 1997. Population status and distribution of naturalized parrots in southern California. West. Birds 28: 181--195. (Sec. Verts., Nat. Hist. Mus., 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.)---Treats 10 species. Most abundant include Amazona viridigenalis, Aratinga mitrata, Brotogeris chiriri, Nandayus nenday.---K.C.M.

{C914} Górski, W. 1997. Urban and rural populations of the Magpie Pica pica in the Koszalin Region, NW Poland. Acta Ornith. 32: 51--59. (Dept. Zool., Ped. Univ., Arciszewskiego 22b, 76--200 Slupsk, Poland.)---Decreased in farmland but increased in town.---J.P.

{C914} Graveland, J. J. 1996. [The decline of an aquatic songbird: the Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus in The Netherlands.] Limosa 69: 85--96. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.)---Decline from 10,000 pairs in 1950s to 300 pairs in 1990s mostly due to deteriorating conditions in breeding areas, rather than drought in Africa. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Green, A. J., & J. D. Navarro. 1997. National censuses of the Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris in Spain. Bird Study 44: 80--87. (Estación Biol. Doñana, Apartado 1056, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.)---Censuses in 1994--1995 showed drastic decrease in Guadalquivir marshes but not in Valencia. Average national count 55 in 1994 and 50 in 1995 (excluding ducklings).---D.W.

{C914} Guillemain, M., et al. 1997. [Variation in the number of dabbling ducks in the Baie del'Aiguillon, western France. 1967--1983.] Alauda 65: 43--46. (CNRS, Ctr. Etudes Biol. Chizé, F--79360 Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France.) (French, Engl. summ.)

{C914} Hamilton, T. R. 1997. Using Christmas Bird Counts to track population trends of four frugivorous passerines. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 84--90. (C/O BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)---Traces winter population trends in Massachusetts from 1956--1996 for Turdus migratorius, Mimus polyglottos, Cardinalis cardinalis, and Bombycilla cedrorum.---W.E.D.

{C914} Hazevoet, K., R. Vlek, & F. Vogelzang. 1993. [The 1901 Housing Law and the Crested Lark Galerida cristata as a breeding bird in Amsterdam.] Limosa 66: 145--152. (ITZ, Univ. Amsterdam, P.O. Box 4766, 1009 AT Amsterdam, Netherlands.)---Decline of Crested Lark explained by completion of suburban expansion and subsequent habitat loss. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Hill, G., P. Dyer, & T. Barnes. 1995. The Wedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus breeding colony on Heron Island [Queensland], 1985--1990. Qld. Nat. 33: 66--70. (Fac. Sci., Northern Territory Univ., P.O. Box 40146, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.)

{C914} Huber, B., & P. Ingold. 1991. [Numbers and spatial distribution of the Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus in a Bernese Oberland game reserve (Switzerland).] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 1--7. (Ethol. Stn. Hasli, Wohlenstr. 50a, CH--3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland.)---Density of calling and paired males higher than previously known from Alpine region. (German, Engl. summ.)---M.G.

{C914} Hulscher J. B., J. de Jong, & J. van Klinken. 1993. [Exceptionally high numbers of inland Oystercatchers during the winter of 1992/93.] Limosa 66: 117--123. (Zool. Lab., P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---High water levels in Wadden Sea caused Haematopus ostralegus to exploit terrestrial food on inland areas nearby. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Hustings, F., et al. 1995. [Spectacular recovery of Dutch breeding population of Bluethroat Luscinia svecica cyanecula.] Limosa 68: 147--158. (SOVON, Rijksstraatweg 178, 6573 DG Beek-Ubbergen, Netherlands.)---Breeding numbers and distribution have recovered since 1970s, increasing from 800 pairs in 1970 to 6500 in 1990. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Hustings, F., F. Schepers, & F. Ellenbroek. 1995. [The Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra in the first half of the 1990s.] Limosa 68: 159--162. (SOVON, Rijksstraatweg 178, 6573 DG Beek-Ubbergen, Netherlands.)---Decline of Dutch population from 1200 territories in 1975 to 100--120 in 1994 caused by adverse changes in farming practices. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Jianqiang, R., et al. 1996. [Dynamic population size of Phylloscopus inornatus in the breeding season.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 80--81. (No address given).---Inornate Warbler (Chinese).

{C914} Joachim, J., & J. Lauga. 1996. [The Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs in southwestern France. Are dialects population markers?] Alauda 64: 205--220. (INRA-IRGM, B.P. 27, F--31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France.)---Dialects appear to be good means for monitoring populations. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C914} Jonkers, D. 1992. [Population trends of breeding birds in The Netherlands in 1969-85.] Limosa 65: 117--124. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.)---Decline in farmland, but stable or increasing in woodland. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Kirby, J. S., A. S. Gilburn, & R. M. Sellers. 1995. Status, distribution and habitat use by Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo wintering in Britain. Ardea 83 (1): 93--102. (Res. Cons. Dept., Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Gloucester, GL2 7BT, UK.)---Total winter population reached 19,000 birds in 1991, with 25% increase per annum since 1987/88.---R.G.B.

{C914} Lindell, L., et al. 1995. Status and population development of breeding Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis of the central European flyway. Ardea 83 (1): 81--92. (Sparregatan 13, S--39230 Kalmar, Sweden.)---Increasing since 1980, with mean annual growth rates from 14% in Poland to 27% in Sweden.---R.G.B.

{C914} Loseby, T. 1997. Pallas’s Fish Eagle. Birding World 10: 189. ([Incomplete address given] Kent, UK.)---Population declines of Haliaeetus leucoryphus.---T.M.B.

{C914} Luniak, M., P. Kozlowski, & W. Nowicki. 1997. Magpie Pica pica in Warsaw--abundance, distribution and changes in its population. Acta Ornith. 32: 77--86. (Inst. Zool. PAS, Wilcza 64, Warsaw, Poland.)---Colonization began in mid-1950s; population has since increased to several thousand pairs.---J.P.

{C914} Meininger, P. L., & N. D. van Swelm. 1994. [Barnacle Geese as breeding birds in the Delta area, SW-Netherlands.] Limosa 67: 1--5. (RIKZ, P.O. Box 8039, 4330 EA Middelburg, Netherlands.)---Breeding pairs of Branta leucopsis increased from 3 to 28 from 1988 to 1993. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Meininger, P. L., H. Schekkerman, & M. W. J. van Roomen. 1995. [Population estimates and 1%-levels for waterbird species occurring in The Netherlands: suggestions for standardisation.] Limosa 68: 41--48. (RIZA, P.O. Box 8039, 4330 EA Middelburg, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C914} Melo Medeiros, F. 1995--1996. Population structure, abundance and philopatry of the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in the Azores. Intern. Stud. Sparrows 22--23: 23--30. (Univ. Azores, Dept. Biol., 9500 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.)---Information on sex and age ratios, population density and movements.---J.P.

{C914} Mitchell, P. I., I. Scott, & P. R. Evans. 1996. Is moult an indicator of population structure in Redshank Tringa totanus during autumn? Ringing Migr. 17: 93--100. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Durham, South Rd., Durham DH1 3LE, UK.)---Proportion of British and Icelandic races during moult period cannot be determined from moult score.---P.C.L.

{C914} Moller Pillot, H. 1992. [Decrease in number of Starlings Sturnus vulgaris wintering in the Leypark, Tilburg.] Limosa 65: 19--22. (Leyparkweg 37, 5022 AA Tilburg, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C914} Mougin, J.-L., C. Jouanin, & F. Roux. 1996. Variation of some demographical parameters as a function of the breeding numbers in the Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea borealis of Selvagem Grande (30º 09'N, 15º 52'W). Ringing Migr. 17: 20--27. (Mus. Natl. d'Hist. Nat., Lab. Zool. (Mammiféres et Oiseaux), 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.)---Numbers doubled 1980--1992 and some demographic parameters have changed.---P.C.L.

{C914} Norman, D. 1995. Flock composition and biometrics of Fieldfares Turdus pilaris wintering in a Cheshire orchard. Ringing Migr. 16: 1--13. (Rowswood Cott., Ridding Ln., Sutton Weaver, Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 6PF, UK.)---Over 1000 birds caught and ringed 1980--89.---P.C.L.

{C914} Norman, F. I., et al. 1998. Recent changes in the status of Australasian Gannets Morus serrator in Victoria. Emu 98: 147--150. (Arthur Rylah Inst. Environ. Res., Dept. Nat. Resour. Environ., P.O. Box 137, Heidelberg, Vic. 3084, Australia.)---Population has increased since 1990 (if not before) at a greater rate than at New Zealand colonies. Species increasingly utilizing artificial and mainland sites.---W.K.S.

{C914} Ouweneel, G. L. 1993. [Red-throated Divers Gavia stellata in the Brouwershavense Gat.] Limosa 66: 164--166. (Lijster 17, 3299 BT Maasdam, Netherlands.)---In 1972--1993 wintering numbers increased to maximum of 100 in 1992/93. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Page, G. W., et al. 1997. Numbers of wintering shorebirds in coastal wetlands of Baja California, Mexico. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 562--574. (Pt. Reyes Bird Obs., 4990 Shoreline Hwy., Stinson Beach, CA 94970, USA.)---Estimate of 354,900 individuals, with about 79% located in the Laguna Ojo de Liebre/Guerrero Negro complex; slightly over 61% were Calidris mauri and Limosa fedoa.---R.A.I.

{C914} Renssen, T. A., & R. L. Vogel. 1993. [Recent development of the Raven Corvus corax population in The Netherlands.] Limosa 66: 107--116. (Zaalboslaan 16, 6881 RH Veld, Netherlands.)---Reintroductions since 1966 resulted in increase from 0 in 1966 to 400--475 individuals, including >81 pairs, in 1992. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Salvig, J., et al. 1994. Wintering waders in the Bijagos Archipelago, Guinee-Bissau 1992-1993. Ardea 82: 137--142. (Natl. Environ. Res. Inst., Dept. Wildl. Ecol., Kalø, DK%8410, Rønde, Denmark.)---Estimate of 700,000 waders, mainly Calidris ferruginea and Limosa lapponica.---R.G.B.

{C914} Schepers, F., E. van Asseldonk, & F. Linsen. 1992. [Return of the Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus as a breeding bird in The Netherlands?] Limosa 65: 28--29. (Ophoven 56, 6133 XW Sittard, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C914} Sierdsema, H., et al. 1995. Point transect counts of wintering birds in the Netherlands 1978-1992. Ring 17: 46--60. (SOVON, Rijksstraatweg 178, 6573 DG Beek-Ubbergen, Netherlands.)---Trends in numbers and distribution.---J.P.

{C914} Smith, J. N. M., et al. 1996. A metapopulation approach to the population biology of the Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia. Ibis 138: 120--128. (Dept. Zool., Univ. British Columbia, 6270 Univ. Blvd.,Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Can.)---Population dynamics interpreted in terms of a source-sink metapopulation model.---J.V.B.

{C914} Smith, R. D. 1996. Racial composition of breeding and wintering Snow Buntings Plectrophenax nivalis in the north-east Scottish uplands. Ringing Migr. 17: 123--136. (36 Dubford Cres., Bridge of Don, Aberdeen AB2 8FT, UK.)

{C914} Strucker, R. C. W., L. C. Preesman, & J. Verkerk. 1994. [Waterbirds of the fresh tidal river Oude Maas.] Limosa 67: 45--52. (Fazant 110, 3299 BS Maasdam, Netherlands.)---Consequences of damming Haringvliet in 1970 for wintering waterbird populations. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Tallman, D. 1997. Banding at Aberdeen, South Dakota, 1995--1996: with notes on the House Finch invasion. S. Dakota Bird Notes 49: 5--8. (North. State Univ., Aberdeen, SD 57401, USA.)---Carpodacus mexicanus numbers banded from 4--542, 1990--1996; two 7-year old Quiscalus quiscula trapped.---R.B.C.

{C914} Trüb, J., & C. L. Vuadens. 1997. [A mountain population of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 79--81. (route du Cyprès 17, CH--1802 Corseaux, Switzerland.)---18-yr study of population at 1000--1100 m. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C914} Tryjanowski, P. 1996. [Breeding bird community of set-aside fields near Poznan, Poland.] Badan. Fizjogr. Nad Polska Zachol., Ser. C, Zool. 43: 37--45. (Zaklad Biol. Ekol. Ptaków Univ., ul. Fredry 10, 61--701 Poznan, Poland.)---Density more than double that on arable fields. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---J.P.

{C914} Tynjälä, M., et al. 1995. Numbers of Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) at the Tauvo Bird Observatory, related to long-term fluctuations in other bird observatories in northern and central Europe. Ring 17: 61--68. (Tauvo Bird Obs., Univ. Oulu, Veturitie 14 B, FIN--90150 Oulu, Finland.)---Supports earlier conclusion that population dynamics often differ among observatories.---J.P.

{C914} van den Bergh, L. M. J. 1992. [Waterfowl census in January 1990.] Limosa 65: 23--27. (IBN%DLO, P.O. Box 9201, 6800 HB Arnhem, Netherlands.)---1.4 million waterbirds of 27 species in Netherlands. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} van der Have, T. M., & D. A. Jonkers. 1996. [Seven misunderstandings about White Storks Ciconia ciconia in The Netherlands.] Limosa 69: 47--50. (Vogelbescherming Nederland, Driebergseweg 16c, 3708 JB Zeist, Netherlands.)---Population dynamics of reintroduced population. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} van der Winden, J., et al. 1994. [Vicissitudes of the Dutch Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina population.] Limosa 67: 137--145. (SOVON, Rijksstraatweg 178, 6573 DG Beek-Ubbergen, Netherlands.)---Long-term trend related to distribution and abundance of Nitellopsis obtusa (a stonewort), with numbers in autumn 1993 estimated at 120--150 birds. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} van der Winden, J., W. Hagemeijer, & R. Terlouw. 1996. [Is there a future for the Black Tern Chlidonias niger as a breeding bird in The Netherlands?] Limosa 69: 149--164. (Leidsekade 118 bis, 3531 HD Utrecht, Netherlands.)---Decrease from 13,000--20,000 pairs in 1930--1950 to 1100--1500 pairs in 1990s, with presently 75--80% in nature reserves. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} van Eerden, M. R., & J. Gregersen. 1995. Long-term changes in the northwest European population of Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. Ardea 83 (1): 61--79. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Expansion in 1978--1993 by 16.3% annually, resulting in 60,000 pairs in 1993.---R.G.B.

{C914} van Gasteren, H., et al. 1992. [The irruption of the Coal Tit Parus ater in the autumn of 1989 in The Netherlands and NW%Europe.] Limosa 65: 57--66. (Moerwater 27, 2715 GM Zoetermeer, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C914} Voslamber, B. 1994. [History of the Dutch Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia breeding population, 1961--1993.] Limosa 67: 89--94. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Annual population growth 9% in 1983--1989, and 2% in 1990--1993. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C914} Wardman, O. L., & S. Warrington. 1997. Seasonal changes in abundance of bird species on an Arabian Acacia plain. J. Arid Environ. 35: 321--333. (Central Sci. Lab., Sand Hutton, York YO4 1LZ, UK.)---United Arab Emirates.---P.J.C.

{C914} Witt, K. 1995. Censusing winter birds in different habitats of Berlin. Ring 17: 69--75. (Hortensienstr. 25, D--12203 Berlin, Germany.)--40 species, Passer domesticus, Parus major, Corvus frugilegus and Turdus merula most common.---J.P.

{C914} Witt, K. 1997. On the abundance of Magpie Pica pica during breeding and winter season in Berlin. Acta Ornith. 32: 121--126. (Hortensiestr. 25, D--12203 Berlin, Germany.)

{C914} Yalden, D. W., & J. W. Pearce-Higgins. 1997. Density-dependence and winter weather as factors affecting the size of a population of Golden Plovers Pluvialis apricaria. Bird Study 44: 227--234. (Sch. Biol. Sci., 3.239 Stopford Bldg., Univ. Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester M13 9PT, UK.)---Analyze results of annual censuses covering 24 years. Population fluctuations appear to be under strong density-dependent control---D.W.

{C914} Zijlstra, M., & F. Hustings. 1992. [Near-disappearance of Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus as a breeding bird in The Netherlands.] Limosa 65: 7--18. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Decline from 500-1000 pairs in 1900--1930 to <10 in 1990 mainly caused by habitat loss. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C916} Beaven, B. M. 1997. Observations of a Long-tailed Cuckoo (Eudynamys taitensis) as a predator of Tomtit (Petroica macrocephala toitoi) nestlings. Notornis 44: 264--265. (Otamatuna Mainland Island Proj., Dept. Conserv., P.O. Box 326, Opotiki, New Zealand.)---Observations at Te Urewera National Park, North Island, New Zealand..---E.O.M.

{C916} Brouwer, A., & A.L. Spaans. 1994. Egg predation in the Herring Gull Larus argentatus: why does it vary so much between nests? Ardea 82: 223--231. (IBN-DLO, Dept. Anim. Ecol., P.O. Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.)---Late breeding, closeness of nests, and low vegetation cover (possibly linked with low quality birds) increased conspecific egg predation.---R.G.B.

{C916} Craik, C. 1997. Long-term effects of North American Mink Mustela vison on seabirds in western Scotland. Bird Study 44: 303--309. (Scottish Assoc. Mar. Sci., Dunstaffnage Mar. Lab., Oban, Argyll PA34 4AD, UK.)---In the years 1989--95, feral mink caused widespread whole-colony breeding failure of Larus ridibundus, Larus canus, Sterna hirundo on small islands along 1000 km of mainland coast.---D.W.

{C916} Cresswell, W., & D. P. Whitfield. 1994. The effects of raptor predation on wintering wader populations at the Tyninghame estuary, southeast Scotland. Ibis 136: 223--232. (Inst. Cell, Anim, & Popul. Biol., Edinburgh Univ., Ashworth Bldg., West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.)---Predation on Tringa totanus and Calidris alpina by Accipiter nisus, Falco columbarius and Falco peregrinus.

{C916} Du Guesclin, P. 1998. Red Fox takes Little Raven. Vic. Nat. 115: 83. (Dept. Nat. Resour. Environ., 83-85 Gellibrand St., Colac, Vic. 3250, Australia.)---Corvus mellori caught by fox which cached a portion, ate some, and retrieved from cache.---I.D.E.

{C916} Mirando, L. 1995. [Predation of Yellow-shouldered Blackbird by American Kestrel.] El Pitirre 8(2): 2. (N. Carolina Coop. Fish. Wildl. Res. Unit., Dept. Zool., Box 7617, N. Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA.)---Agelaius xanthomus, Falco sparverius. (Spanish.)

{C916} Nelson, C. 1997. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds eaten by Scarlet Tanager and Great Crested Flycatcher. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 149--150. (Sarrett Nat. Ctr., 2300 Benton Center Rd., Benton Harbor, MI 49022, USA.)---Archilochus colubris, Piranga olivacea, Myiarchus crinitus.

{C916} Newton, I., L. Dale & P. Rothery. 1997. Apparent lack of impact of Sparrowhawks on the breeding densities of some woodland songbirds. Bird Study 44: 129--135. (ITE, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, Cambs., PE17 2LS, UK.)---Counts of singing male songbirds on Bookham Common (southeast England) from 1949--1979 covered the decline and recovery period of Accipiter nisus. No convincing evidence of Sparrowhawk effect was found for 13 species---D.W.

{C916} Rebergen, A., et al . 1998. Breeding success and predation at nests of Banded Dotterel (Charadrius bicinctus) on braided riverbeds in the central South Island, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Ecol. 22: 33--41. (Dept. Conserv., P.O. Box 191, Masterton, New Zealand.)---As few as 11% of nests produced one or more fledglings on some rivers. Island nests were more successful than those on the mainland. More needs to be learned about the predator species involved.---E.O.M.

{C916} Richter, D., & S. Andres. 1997. A Boreal Owl and a Red Squirrel: Winter tragedy for both. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 147--149. (Copper Country Audubon, P.O. Box 275, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.)---Starving Aegolius funereus dies after killing Tamiasciurus hudsonicus.---J.A.C.

{C916} Roper, J. J., & R. R. Goldstein. 1997. A test of the Skutch hypothesis: does activity at nests increase nest predation risk? J. Avian Biol. 28: 111--116. (Dept. Biol., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA. EM: jroper@biology.usu.edu)---Study of 26 Thamnophilus atrinucha nests and of egg-eating habits of 12 species of snakes failed to find support for Skutch's hypothesis.---R.T.B.

{C916} Schweigman, P., & J. T. Darby. 1997. Predation of Yellow-eyed Penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) on mainland New Zealand by Hooker's sealion (Phocarctos bookeri). Notornis 44: 265--266. (121 Maryhill Terr., Dunedin, New Zealand.)---Predation occurs as penguins enter and leave the water.---E.O.M.

{C916} Sharps, J. 1997. Western Meadowlark attacks House Sparrow. S. Dakota Bird Notes 49: 61--62. (22576 151st Ave., Box Elder, SD 57719, USA.)---Sturnella neglecta killed Passer domesticus but did not attempt to eat it.---R.B.C.

{C916} Stienen, E. W., & A. Brenninkmeijer. 1993. [Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia preying on gull eggs.] Limosa 66: 30. (IBN%DLO, P.O. Box 9201, 6800 HB Arnhem, Netherlands.)

{C916} Tourencq, C., & D. Batdelger. 1995. Mongolian Black Kite, Milvus migrans lineatus, predating [sic] on domestic pigeons in an urban center. Gerfaut 85: 129--131. (Station Biol. Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France.)---In Ulan Bator.---J.I.

{C916} van der Winden, J. 1995. [Lake Frog Rana ridibunda eats downy young of Black Tern Chlidonias niger.] Limosa 68: 164--165. (Leidsekade 118 bis, 3531 HD Utrecht, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C918} Barba, E., et al. 1994. Moth abundance and breeding success in a Great Tit population where moths are the main nestling food. Ardea 82: 329--334. (Unidad Ecol., Univ. Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.)---Breeding success of Parus major not dependent on densities of moth Peridroma saucia.---R.G.B.

{C918} Beintema, A. 1992. [Mayfield, a must exercise in calculation of nesting success.] Limosa 65: 155--162. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 9201, 6800 HB Arnhem, Netherlands.)---Urges use of Mayfield method to calculate nesting success. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C918} Beintema, A. J. 1995. Fledging success of wader chicks, estimated from ringing data. Ringing Migr. 16: 129--139. (Inst. For. & Nat. Res., P.O. Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.)---Vanellus vanellus, Limosa limosa, Tringa totanus, Haematopus ostralegus.

{C918} Beintema, A. J. 1996. Inferring nest success from old records. Ibis 138: 568--570. (Inst. For. & Nat. Res., PO Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.)

{C918} Camici, M. 1991. [Four successful broods of Blackbirds in the same nest.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 74. (Tillierstr. 22, CH--3005 Bern, Switzerland.)---12 young Turdus merula fledged from 17 eggs; identity of adults uncertain. (German.)---M.G.

{C918} Carmichael, G. G. 1998. Superb Lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae nesting in Sherbrooke Forest, 1974 to 1996. Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 290--296. (P.O. Box 401, Glen Waverley, Vic. 3150, Australia.)---Analyses success rate and fate of 107 nesting attempts.---I.D.E.

{C918} Dekhuijzen, H. M., & G. P. J. Schuijl. 1996. [Changes in breeding success of Great Tit Parus major and Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca on the Veluwe and the Gooi, 1973%92.] Limosa 69: 165--174. (Hartenseweg 11, 6705 BH Wageningen, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{C918} Dias, P. C., et al. 1994. Blue Tits in Mediterranean habitat mosaics. Ardea 82: 363--372. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavägen 9, S--75236 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Breeding success of Parus caeruleus compared in summergreen and evergreen habitats, with latter apparently acting as sink.---R.G.B.

{C918} Garcia, D., et al. 1996. [Evolution in the breeding rates of Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus in Catalonia (N.E. Spain).] Alauda 64: 229--238. (Generalitat de Catalunya, DARP. Dir. Gen. Medi Nat. Serv. Prot. i Gestió de la Fauna, Gran Via 612-614, E--08007 Barcelona, Spain.)---Food and nest-site availability most important limiting factors. (Spanish, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C918} Hartley, I. P., & M. Shepperd. 1994. Nesting success in relation to timing of breeding in the Corn Bunting on North Uist. Ardea 82: 173--184. (Dept. Zool., Adrian Bldg., Univ. Leicester, University Rd., Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.)---Miliaria calandra.

{C918} Iverson, W. F. 1996. Reproductive success of Northern Spotted Owl activity centers in the northwestern Washington Cascades. Northwest. Nat. 77: 14--16. (Div. Sci. Math., Seattle Cent. Comm. Coll., 1701 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.)---Strix occidentalis pairs in this region produce young on average once every 3 years, suggesting greater environmental stress here than in other breeding areas.---R.B.C.

{C918} LaHaye, W. S. 1997. Four young fledged by a pair of California Spotted Owls. West. Birds 28: 108--109. (P.O. Box 523, Big Bear City, CA 92314, USA.)---Records rare brood size for Strix occidentalis.---K.C.M.

{C918} LeShack, C. R., A. D. Afton, & R. T. Alisauskas. 1998. Effects of male removal on female reproductive biology in Ross' and Lesser Snow Geese. Wilson Bull. 110: 56--64. (ADA: USGS/BRD, Resour. Div., Louisiana Coop. Fish Wildl. Res. Unit, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803-6202, USA; EM: aafton@lsu.edu)---Chen rossii, Chen caerulescens caerulescens.

{C918} Major, R. E., & C. E. Kendal. 1996. The contribution of artificial nest experiments to understanding avian reproductive success: a review of methods and conclusions. Ibis 138: 298--307. (Div. Earth & Environ. Sci., Australian Mus., 6 College St., Sydney NSW 2000, Australia.)---Conclusions derived from use of artificial nest experiments should be treated as preliminary until assumptions underlying the approach are tested.---J.V.B.

{C918} Massa, B., & F. Lo Valvo. 1996. Arthropod abundance and breeding performance of Tits in deciduous, evergreen oakwoods and pine reafforestation of Sicily (Italy). Avocetta 20: 113--124. (Inst. Entom. Agr., V. le delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo Italy.)---Breeding performance not significantly different between deciduous and evergreen oakwoods.---A.S.

{C918} Noordhuis, R., et al. 1993. [Food shortage for Common Terns at Zeewolde in 1991?] Limosa 66: 61--65. (RIZA, P.O. Box 17, 8200 AA Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Sterna hirundo had extremely poor breeding success after fishermen removed 75% of fish biomass. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{C918} Panek, M. 1997. Density-dependent brood production in the Grey Partridge Perdix perdix in relation to habitat quality. Bird Study 44: 235--238. (Polish Hunting Assoc., Res. Stn., Sokolnicza 12, 62-055 Czempin, Poland.)---Brood production rate declined with increasing spring pair density.---D.W.

{C918} Reynolds, M. D., & W. D. Koenig. 1997. Reproductive success of Yellow-billed Magpies Pica nuttalli in central coastal California. Acta Ornith. 32: 99--109. (Sedgwick Res., Natl. Res. System, Univ. California, Santa Barbara, Box 359, Los Olivos, CA 93441, USA.)---Early breeders laid larger clutches and fledged more young.---J.P.

{C918} Richner, H. 1991. [Identification of behavioural and ecological factors important for the protection of species and habitats.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 243--252. (Ethol. Stn. Hasli, Wohlenstr. 50a, CH--3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland.) (German, French summ.)---Emphasis on difference between fledging rate and reproductive success (fitness), based on Corvus corone data (e.g., J. Anim. Ecol. 58: 427--440).---M.G.

{C918} Wiktander, U., et al. 1994. Breeding success of a Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor population. Ibis 136: 318--322. (Dept. Ecol., Anim. Ecol., Lund Univ., S--223 62 Lund, Sweden.)

{C920} Cheylan, G., et al. 1996. [Movements of young Bonelli's Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus ringed in France.] Alauda 64: 413--419. (Mus. Hist. Nat., 6 rue Espariat, F--13100 Aix-en-Provence, France.)---Most recoveries in French Mediterranean; information on dispersion and distance between natal and recruitment sites. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{C920} Dougall, T. W. 1995. Post-fledging dispersal of British Wagtails (Motacilla alba yarrellii) a re-appraisal with comparative notes. Ring 17: 91--96. (62 Leamington Terr., Edinburgh EH10 4JL, UK.)---Post-fledging dispersal occurs up to early October, followed by migration.---J.P.

{C920} Ganter, B. 1994. Site tenacity and mobility of staging Barnacle Geese. Ardea 82: 231--240. (WWF-Wattenmeerstelle, 25813 Husum, Germany.)---Tendency to move among areas is independent of age and pair bond in Branta leucopsis.---R.G.B.

{C920} Harris, M. P., S. Wanless, & T. R. Barton. 1996. Site use and fidelity in the Common Guillemot Uria aalge. Ibis 138: 399--404. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Banchory Res. Stn., Banchory, Kincardineshire AB31 4BY, UK.)---91% site-fidelity for birds which returned to colony.---J.V.B.

{C920} Jackson, D. B. 1994. Breeding dispersal and site-fidelity in three monogamous wader species in the Western Isles, U.K. Ibis 136: 463--473. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Durham, South Rd., Durham DH1 3LE, UK.)---Tringa totanus, Calidris alpina, and Charadrius hiaticula.

{C920} Lens, L., & L. A. Wauthers. 1996. Effects of population growth on Crested Tit Parus cristatus post-fledging settlement. Ibis 138: 545--551. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Antwerp, U.I.A., Universiteitsplein 1, B--2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.)---Changes in density led to differences in settlement patterns of first-year birds.---J.V.B.

{C920} Montague, W. G., & G. A. Bukenhofer. 1994. Long-range dispersal of a Red-cockaded Woodpecker. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 48: 259--260. (Ouachita Natl. For., P.O. Box 2255, Waldron, AR 72958, USA.)---Picoides borealis.

{C920} Richardson, C. 1997. Dispersal of Bee-eaters Merops apiaster to UAE. Oman Bird News 20: 23. (P. O. Box 50394, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.)---From 250 km away in Oman?---P.J.C.

{C920} Thompson, P. S., et al. 1994. Age at first breeding, philopatry and breeding site-fidelity in the Lapwing Vanellus vanellus. Ibis 136: 474--484. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Durham, South Rd., Durham DH1 3LE, UK.)

{C920} Woodworth, B. L., J. Faaborg, & W. J. Arendt. 1998. Breeding and natal dispersal in the Puerto Rican Vireo. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 1--7. (Pacific Island Ecosystems Res. Ctr., P. O. Box 44, Hawaii Natl. Pk., HI 96718, USA.)---Vireo latimeri.

{C922} Boano, G., & M. Bocca. 1996. [Wintering birds of pine forest in Mont Avic (Western Alps).] Avocetta 20: 75--80. (Mus. Civ. Storia Nat., C.P. 89, 10122 Carmagnola (To), Italy.)---Sunlight at high altitude reduces impoverishment in richness and abundance due to increasing altitude. (Italian, Engl. summ.)---A.S.

{C922} Cintra, R., & C. Yamashita. 1990. Habitats, abundancia e ocorrencia das especies de aves do pantanal de Pocone, Mato Grosso, Brasil. [Habitats, abundance, and occurrence of bird species in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brasil.] Pap. Avulsos Zool. 37: 1--21. (Dept. de Ecologia [INPA], C.P. 478, Manaus, 69.011, AM, Brazil.)---317 species.---C.G.S.

{C922} Colwell, R. K. 1995. Effects of nectar consumption by the hummingbird flower mite Proctolaelaps kirmsei on nectar availability in Hamelia patens. Biotropica 27: 206--217. (Dept. Ecol. & Evol. Biol., U-42, Univ. Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3042, USA.)---Mites are a significant plant parasite as well as important competitors with hummingbirds for the nectar of their host plants.---G.R.

{C922} Donald, P. F., D. Haycock, & R. J. Fuller. 1997. Winter bird communities in forest plantations in western England and their response to vegetation, growth stage and grazing. Bird Study 44: 206--219. (BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK.)---Numbers increased with woodland age and species richness with absence of grazing. Age had less effect than extent of undergrowth or conifer/broadleaf ratio.---D.W.

{C922} Fjeldsa, J., & J. Rabol. 1995. Variation in avian communities between isolated units of the eastern Arc montane forests,Tanzania. Gerfaut 85: 3--18. (Zool. Mus., Universitetsparken 14, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.)

{C922} Fraticelli, F. 1996. [Long term study of the evolution of the ornithic community in an urban environment.] Alula 3: 10--16. (SROPU c/o Oasi WWF "Bosco di Palo," Via Palo laziale 2, 00055 Ladispoli (Roma), Italy.)---Changes in richness and phenology of species from 1964 to 1994. (Italian, Engl. summ.)---A.S.

{C922} Ingold, D. J. 1998. The influence of starlings on flicker reproduction when both naturally excavated cavities and artificial nest boxes are available. Wilson Bull. 110: 218--225. (Biol. Dept., Muskingum Coll., New Concord, OH 43762, USA; EM: Ingold@muskingum.edu)---Boxes did not help nesting Colaptes auratus and may have deterred them by attracting additional Sturnus vulgaris.---J.J.Dos.

{C922} Jaksic, F., & P. Feinsinger. 1991. Bird assemblages in temperate forests of North and South America: a comparison of diversity, dynamics, guild structure, and resource use. Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. 64: 491-510. (Dept. Ecología, Univ. Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile.)---Differences due to phylogenies, geological history, vegetation, and climate.---C.G.S.

{C922} Maloney, R. F., et al. 1997. Bird density and diversity in braided river beds in the Upper Waitaki Basin, South Island, New Zealand. Notornis 44: 219--232. (Dept. Conserv., Priv. Bag, Twizel, New Zealand.)---Includes a comparison of bird densities with habitat variables.---E.O.M.

{C922} Marone, L. 1990. Modifications of local and regional bird diversity after a fire in the Monte Desert, Argentina. Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. 63: 187--195. (Area de Investigaciones de Las Zonas Aridas, CRICYT, Mendoza, Casilla de Correo 507, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.)---Local diversity declined and regional diversity increased.---C.G.S.

{C922} Poulsen, B. O. 1996. Relationships between frequency of mixed-species flocks, weather and insect activity in a montane cloud forest in Ecuador. Ibis 138: 466--470. (Sect. Ornithol., Zool. Mus., Univ. Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.)

{C922} Rahbek, C. 1997. The relationship among area, elevation, and regional species richness in Neotropical birds. Am. Nat. 149: 875--902. (Zool. Mus., Univ. Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; EM: crahbek@zmuc.ku.dk)---Using South American land birds, 4 species richness/elevation models are examined; area of mountains accounted for 67--91% of variation per elevational zone, negating Rapoport’s Rule and productivity-based theories for elevational declines in species.---J.R.F.

{C922} Riveros G., G., & M. Lopez C. 1990. Distribución de las aves en el período no reproductivo y su relación con las formaciones vegetacionales presentes en el Parque Nacional La Campana, Chile Central. [Non-breeding bird communities of La Campana National Park, Chile.] Bol. Soc. Biol. Concepción 61: 161--166. (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Univ. de Playa Ancha, Casilla 34-V, Valparaíso, Chile.)---Species richness, diversity and relative abundance of birds is greatest in broad-leaved forests.---C.G.S.

{C922} Stiles, F. G., J. L. Tellería, & M. Díaz. 1995. Observaciones sobre la composición, ecología y zoogeografía de la avifauna de la Sierra de Chiribiquete, Chaquetá, Colombia. [Ecological and biogeographical notes on the birds of Sierra de Chiribiquete, Chaquetá, Colombia.] Caldasia 17(82-85): 481--500. (Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Univ. Nac. de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Santafé de Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.)---Low diversity and population density in bird species.---C.G.S.

{C922} Willis, E. O. 1995. Black versus white waterbird colonies (Aves) in the Bolivian-Brazilian Pantanal. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 78: 95--97. (Dept. de Zoologia, Univ. Estadual Paulista, C.P. 199, 13.506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.)---Competition for nest sites.---C.G.S.

{C922} Woodall, P. F. 1996. Limits to the distribution of the House Sparrow Passer domesticus in suburban Brisbane, Australia. Ibis 138: 337--340. (Ctr. Conserv. Biol. & Dept. Anat. Sci., Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072.)---May be excluded by aggression from Manorina melanocephala.---J.V.B.

{C924} Ens, B. J., & D. Alting. 1996. The effect of an experimentally created mussel bed on bird densities and food intake of the Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus. Ardea 84 A: 493--507. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)

{C924} Ens, B. J., et al. 1996. Functional and numerical response of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus on shellfish populations. Ardea 84 A: 441--452. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---Substantial minority does not follow predictions of ideal free distribution model owing to individual differences in feeding specialization and, perhaps, local dominance.---R.G.B.

{C924} Gomez, L. G., et al. 1994. The role of Greater Yellow-headed Vultures Cathartes melambrotus as scavengers in neotropical forests. Ibis 136: 193--196. (A.A. 36574, Santafe de Bogotá, Colombia.)---Greater than that of mammalian scavengers.---J.V.B.

{C924} Goss-Custard, J. D., S. McGrorty, & S. E. A. Le V. dit Durell. 1996. The effect of Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus on shellfish populations. Ardea 84 A: 453--468. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Furzebrook Res. Stn., Wareham, Dorset BH20 5AS, UK.)---Varying effects measured.---R.G.B.

{C924} Gwiazda, R. 1996. Contribution of water birds to nutrient loading to the ecosystem of mesotrophic reservoir. Ekol. Pol. 44: 289--297. (Inst. Freshwater Biol. PAS, ul. Slawkowska 17, 31--016 Kraków, Poland.)---Larus ridibundus increased phosphorus and Anas platyrhynchos increased nitrogen in reservoir.---J.P.

{C924} Kelly, J. F. 1998. Behavior and energy budgets of Belted Kingfishers in winter. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 75--84. (For. Range Exp. Stn., 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.)---Ceryle alcyon shows predictable diel patterns in foraging behavior; energy intake is variable and this variability is not correlated with daily temperature.---R.A.I.

{C926} Ardia, D. R., & K. L. Bildstein. 1997. Sex-related differences in habitat selection in wintering American Kestrels, Falco sparverius. Anim. Behav. 53: 1305--1311. (133 Illick Hall, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.)---Removal experiments suggested that females exclude males from preferred areas.---A.K.T.

{C926} Bowler, J. M. 1994. The condition of Bewick’s Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii in winter as assessed by their abdominal profiles. Ardea 82: 241--248. (Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Gloucestershire GL2 7BT, UK.)

{C926} Burton, N. H. K., & P. R. Evans. 1997. Survival and winter site-fidelity of Turnstones Arenaria interpres and Purple Sandpipers Calidris maritima in northern England. Bird Study 44: 35--44. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Durham, South Rd., Durham DH1 3LE, UK.)---All colour-ringed Calidris maritima and 81--88% Arenaria interpres survived the winter and most were resident within study site.---D.W.

{C926} Cresswell, W. 1996. Surprise as a winter hunting strategy in Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus, Peregrines Falco peregrinus and Merlins Falco columbarius. Ibis 138: 684--692. (Appl. Ornithol. Unit, Zool. Dept., Glasgow Univ., Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)

{C926} Davis, W. E., Jr. 1997. The Nantucket Oldsquaw flight: New England's greatest bird show? Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 16--22. (c/o BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)---History of winter concentrations and foraging of Clangula hyemalis near Nantucket, Massachusetts.---W.E.D.

{C926} Fernanedez, G., R. Carmona, & H. de la Cueva. 1998. Abundance and seasonal variation of Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Southwest. Nat. 43: 57--61. (HC: P.O. Box 434844, San Diego, CA 92143-4844, USA.).---Most abundant shorebird during fall migration and winter.---J.J.D.

{C926} Frechet, G., A. Rondeau, & P. Isenmann. 1996. [Curious winter feeding behavior of the Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax.] Alauda 64: 447. (G.R.I.V.E., La Clastre, B.P. 5051, F--34520 Saint-Maurice-Navacelles, France.)---Like Tichodroma muraria. (French.)---G.O.

{C926} Godinez, E., et al. 1992. [Movements of Bombycilla cedrorum in localities of the City of Havana.] El Pitirre 5(1): 2. (Inst. Ecol. Sistem., Acad. Ciencias Cuba, AP 8010, CP 10800, Habana 8, Cuba.)---(Spanish.)

{C926} Kestenholz, M. 1995. Movements and roosting behaviour of diving ducks (Aythya fuligula and Aythya ferina) wintering in Switzerland. Ph.D. dissert., Univ. Basel. (Swiss Ornithol. Inst., CH--6204 Sempach, Switzerland.)---Winter ecology of Tufted Duck and Pochard overwintering in Lake Constance and Lake Sempach.---L.B.

{C926} Lee, D. S., C. Faanes, & J. C. Haney. 1996. Wintering Eastern Phoebes (Sayornis phoebe), Empidonax flycatchers and aseasonal records of kingbirds in the Bahama Islands. El Pitirre 9(2): 4--6. (N. Carolina State Mus. Nat. Sci., P.O. Box 29555, Raleigh, NC 27626, USA.)---1995 sightings of Sayornis phoebe 25--26 Nov, Tyrannus dominicensis 25 Nov, Tyrannus verticalis (both 25 Nov, all on Grand Bahama.)---R.B.C.

{C926} Petersen, W. R., & W. E. Davis, Jr. 1997. Winter of the butcher-bird: the Northern Shrike invasion of 1995--1996. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 77--83. (c/o BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)---Lanius excubitor.

{C926} Powers, L. R. 1996. Wintering Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) in an urban area of southwestern Idaho. Northwest. Nat. 77: 9--13. (Dept. Biol., Northwest Nazarene Coll., Nampa, ID 83686, USA.)---Meristics of banded birds; recaptures suggest some winter site fidelity.---R.B.C.

{C926} Qingxia, Z. 1996. [Winter ecology of Aquila clanga in Lishan Nature Reserve.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 170--172. (No address given).---Greater Spotted Eagle (Chinese).

{C926} Richner, H. 1995. Wintering Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo carbo in the Ythan estuary, Scotland: numerical and behavioural responses to fluctuating prey availability. Ardea 83 (1): 193--197. (Culterty Field Stn., Dept. Zool., Univ. Aberdeen, Scotland.)

{C926} Shengxiang, M., et al. 1996. [Ecology of Asio otus in winter.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 78--79. (No address given).---Long-eared Owl (Chinese).

{C926} Suter, W. 1991. [Wintering waterfowl on Swiss lakes: predicting bird and species numbers from lake qualities.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 111--140. (Brunnenweg, CH--8912 Obfelden, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.)

{C926} Suter, W. 1995. Are Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo wintering in Switzerland approaching carrying capacity? An analysis of increase patterns and habitat choice. Ardea 83 (1): 255--266. (Schweizerische Vogelwarte, CH--6204 Sempach, Switzerland.)---Probably, as Cormorant density is linked with those of cyprinids and percids, which decrease as result of reduction in input rate of nutrients into lakes.---R.G.B.

{C926} Warnock, S. E., & J. Y. Takekawa. 1996. Wintering site fidelity and movement patterns of Western Sandpipers Calidris mauri in the San Francisco Bay estuary. Ibis 138: 160--167. (521 Imperial Blvd., Reno, NV 89503, USA.)

{C926} Yuquan, C., et al. 1996. [Ecological observations on Pycnonotus sinensis sinensis in winter.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 118. (No address given).---Light-vented Bulbul (Chinese).

{D104} Arctander, P., O. Folmer, & J. Fjeldså. 1996. The phylogenetic relationships of Berthelot's Pipit Anthus berthelotii illustrated by DNA sequence data, with remarks on the genetic distance between Rock and Water pipits Anthus spinoletta. Ibis 138: 263--272. (Dept. Popul. Biol., Inst. Zool., Univ. Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK--2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.)---Anthus campestris sister taxon of Berthelot's Pipit.---J.V.B.

{D105} Frith, C. B. 1998. Huia (Heteralocha acutirostris: Callaeidae) -like sexual bill dimorphism in some birds of paradise (Paradisaeidae) and its significance. Notornis 44: 177--184. (P.O. Box 581, Malanda, Qld. 4885, Australia.)---2 Australian riflebird and 3 New Guinea sicklebill birds of paradise have reversed sexual bill dimorphism similar to that of extinct New Zealand huia. Examination of these species may help explain the evolution of bill dimorphism in species where females are longer-billed than males.---E.O.M.

{D105} Hersek, M. 1997. The mating game. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 304--310. (c/o BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)---Concise discussion of epigamic sexual selection in birds.---W.E.D.

{D105} Moller, A. P. 1990. Parasites and sexual selection: current status of the Hamilton and Zuck Hypothesis. J. Evol. Biol. 3: 319--328. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Empirical evaluation and alternative hypotheses presented for predictions produced by Hamilton and Zuck (Science 218, 1982) hypothesis.---W.E.T.

{D105} Vuilleumier, F. 1991. Especiación en aves de Fuego-Patagonia Chilena: estudios preliminares. [Preliminary studies on speciation of Patagonian birds.] Ans. Inst. Patagonia Ser. Cs. Nts. 20: 83--88. (Dept. Ornithol., Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Central Park West at 79^th St., New York City, NY 10024, USA.)---Geositta spp. with full speciation, in Phrygilus hybrids reported.---C.G.S.

{D106} Campbell, D. R., N. M. Waser, & E. J. Meléndez-Ackerman. 1997. Analyzing pollinator-mediated selection in a plant hybrid zone: hummingbird visitation patterns on three spatial scales. Am. Nat. 149: 295--315. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. Biol., Univ. California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; EM: dcampbel@orion.oac.uci.edu)---Experiment with Ipomopsis flowers, hummingbirds and hawkmoths showed selection against hybrid flowers, but spatial scale and alternative foods add complexity to model.---J.R.F.

{D108} Clouet, M., & J. Joachim. 1996. [Comparison between three French Crossbill populations.] Alauda 64: 149--155. (AROMP, Mus. Hist. Nat., 35 allées Jules Guesde, F--31000 Toulouse, France.)---Loxia curvirostra in Pyrenees, southern Alps and Corsica. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{D108} Møller, A. P. 1997. Developmental stability and fitness: a review. Am. Nat. 149: 916--932. (Lab. D’Ecol., CNRS URA 258, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Bat. A, 7ème étage, 7 quai St. Bernard, Case 237, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France; EM: amoller@hall.snv.jussier.fr)---Review of literature suggests that symmetrical individuals generally have faster growth, higher fecundity, and better survival than asymmetrical individuals.---J.R.F.

{D108} Parrot, D. 1997. Wing plumage variation and genetic relatedness in the European Black-billed Magpie Pica pica. Acta Ornith. 32: 87--92. (Dept. Anim. & Plant Sci., Univ. Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.)---Plumage of nest mates more similar than to young of other nests but extra-pair young could not be identified from nest mates by plumage.---J.P.

{D108} Pitman, R. L., & J. R. Jehl., Jr.* 1998. Geographic variation and reassessment of species limits in the "Masked" Boobies of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Wilson Bull. 110: 155--170. (Hubbs-Sea World Res. Inst., 2595 Ingraham St., San Diego, CA 92019, USA; EM: jjehl@hswri.org)---Comparisons of morphological and behavioral variations between yellow- and orange-billed populations of Sula dactylatra. Data support recognizing the orange-billed form as a separate species, the Nazca Booby (Sula granti).---J.J.Dos.

{D108} Reed, L. M., X. Wang, & C. H. Trost. 1997. Variation in the patches of juvenile Black-billed Magpies Pica pica hudsonia. Acta Ornith. 32: 93--97. (Dept. Entomol., Cook Coll., Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.)---Juvenal wing patches may be used in family recognition.---J.P.

{D108} Riveros, G., & R. N. Villegas. 1994. Análisis taxonómico de las subespecies chilenas de Scytalopus magellanicus (Familia: Rhinocryptidae, Aves) a través de sus cantos. [Intraspecific song variation in Scytalopus magellanicus in Chile.]. An. Mus. Hist. Nat. Valparaíso 22: 91--101. (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Univ. de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educación. Casilla 34-V Valparaíso, Chile.)---Two subspecies are distinguished by song and deserve species status.---C.G.S.

{D108} Tréca, B. 1997. [Ruffs Philomachus pugnax in Senegal.] Alauda 65: 161--166. (Lab. Ornithol., ORSTOM, B.P. 1386, Dakar, Senegal)---Sex and age-ratio variation. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{D108} Vansteenwegen, C. 1997. [Geographical variation in the sedentary nature in French populations of partly migratory species.] Alauda 65: 19--28. (Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Unité Ecol. et Biogéographie, 5 place Croix-du-Sud, B--1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.)---Analysis of recapture data on Motacilla cinerea, Motacilla alba, Troglodytes troglodytes, Cinclus cinclus, and Prunella modularis. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{D108} Wyllie, I., & I. Newton. 1994. Latitudinal variation in the body-size of Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus within Britain. Ibis 136: 434--440. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE17 2LS, UK.)---Body size increases from south to north.---J.V.B.

{D110} Goodman, S. M., O. Langrand, & B. M. Whitney. 1996. A new genus and species of passerine from the eastern rain forest of Madagascar. Ibis 138: 153--159. (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Roosevelt Rd. at Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA.)---Cryptosylvicola randrianasoloi in the family Sylviidae.---J.V.B.

{D110} Lencioni N., F. 1996. Uma nova subespecie de Knipolegus (Aves, Tyrannidae) do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. [A new subspecies of Knipolegus from Estado da Bahia, Brasil.] Rev. Brasil. Biol. 56(2): 197--201. (Univ. do Vale de Paraíba [UNIVAP], Praca. Candido Díaz Castejo, 116 12245-000 Sao José dos Campos, SP, Brasil.)---K. nigerrimus hoflingi.

{D110} Oren, D. 1992. Celeus torquatus pieteroyensi, a new subspecies of Ringed Woodpecker (Aves, Picidae) from eastern Pará and western Maranhao, Brazil. Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8(2): 385--389. (MCT-PR/CNPq, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Dept. de Zoologia C.P. 399, CEP 66.017-970, Belém, PA, Brazil)

{D110} Salaman, P. G. W., & F. G. Stiles. 1996. A distinctive new species of vireo (Passeriformes: Vireonidae) from the Western Andes of Colombia. Ibis 138: 610--619. (Dept. Zool., South Parks Rd., Oxford Univ., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Chocó Vireo Vireo masteri.

{D110} Shaolong, L., et al. 1996. [New record of bird subspecies {sic} in Sichuan.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 147. (Sanitary and Anti-epidemic Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, China).---Describes 2 new species Macronyssus chuanguiensis, Macronyssus dechangensis. (Chinese).---T.K.T.

{D112} Cantelo, J. 1997. Splitting disquiet. Birding World 10: 114--115. ([Incomplete address given] Kent, UK.)---Problems of over-enthusiasm for the Phylogenetic Species Concept.---T.M.B.

{D112} Helbig, A. 1997. Species concepts. Birding World 10: 198--200. ([Incomplete address given] Germany.)---Biological Species Concept portrays more systematic detail than Phylogenetic Species Concept.---T.M.B.

{D112} Howell, S. 1997. Different versus better? Birding World 10: 155--156. ([Incomplete address given] California, USA.)---Subjectivity of Phylogenetic and Biological Species Concepts.---T.M.B.

{D112} Sangster, G. 1997. Misconceptions of phylogenetic species. Birding World 10: 352--354. ([Incomplete address given] The Netherlands.)---Misconceptions concerning the Phylogenetic Species Concept.---T.M.B.

{D112} Sangster, G. 1997. Systematics and phylogenetic species. Birding World 10: 115--118. ([Incomplete address given] The Netherlands.)---Advantages of the Phylogenetic over the Biological Species Concept.---T.M.B.

{D112} Svensson, L. 1997. Phylogenetic strive for hegemony. Birding World 10: 76--77. ([Incomplete address given] Sweden.)---Problems with the Phylogenetic Species Concept.---T.M.B.

{D112} Svensson, L. 1997. PSC: an armchair product with serious flaws. Birding World 10: 238--239. ([Incomplete address given] Sweden.)---Problems with the Phylogenetic Species Concept.---T.M.B.

{D114} Brooke, M. de L., & G. Rowe. 1996. Behavioural and molecular evidence for specific status of light and dark morphs of the Herald Petrel Pterodroma heraldica. Ibis 138: 420--432. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.)---Evidence for specific status for Henderson Petrel Pterodroma atrata.---J.V.B.

{D114} Crowe, T.M., et al. 1994. 'Overlooked' units of comparative and conservation biology: a case study of a small African bustard, the Black Korhaan Eupodotis afra. Ibis 136: 166--175. (FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 South Africa.)---Eupodotis afra afra and Eupodotis afra afraoides may be distinct species.---J.V.B.

{D114} Earp, M. 1997. Great Skua upheavals. Birding World 10: 460. ([Incomplete address given] Essex, UK.)---English names for Catharacta and Stercorarius.---T.M.B.

{D114} Forster, C. A., et al. 1998. Genus correction. Science 280: 185. (Dept. Anatomical Sci., SUNY-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; EM: cforster@mail.som.sunysb.edu)---Rahona ostromi gen. et sp. nov. is changed to Rahonavis ostromi; a basal bird close to Archaeopteryx from Late Cretaceous of Madagascar.---M.J.J.

{D114} Frith, C. B., & D. W. Frith. 1997. Chlamydera guttata carteri Mathews, 1920: an overlooked subspecies of Western Bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchidae) from North West Cape, Western Australia. Records West. Aust. Mus. 18: 225--231. (P.O. Box 581, Malanda, Qld. 4885, Australia.)

{D114} Gaucher, P., et al. 1996. Taxonomy of the Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata subspecies considered on the basis of sexual display and genetic divergence. Ibis 138: 273--282. (Natl. Wildl. Res. Ctr., P.O. Box 1086, Taif, Saudi Arabia.)---Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii and Chlamydotis undulata undulata should each be given species rank.---J.V.B.

{D114} Helbig, A. J., et al. 1996. Phylogeny and species limits in the Palaearctic Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita complex: mitochondrial genetic differentiation and bioacoustic evidence. Ibis 138: 650--666. (Univ. Greifwald, Inst. für Zool., Vogelwarte Hiddensee, D--18565 Kloster, Germany.)---Propose dividing taxon into four new species: Phylloscopus brehmii, Phylloscopus canariensis, Phylloscopus collybita, and Phylloscopus sindianus.---J.V.B.

{D114} Howell, S., & J. King. 1997. The uncertain jizz of Thayer’s Gull. Birding World 10: 461. ([Incomplete address given] California, USA.)---Clarification of the taxonomy of Larus thayeri.---T.M.B.

{D114} Jobling, J. 1997. English names. Birding World 10: 76. ([Incomplete address given] Hertfordshire, UK.)---Recent changes in taxonomy should be accompanied by consistent changes in nomenclature.---T.M.B.

{D114} Prinzinger, R., et al. 1997. DNA sequence analysis of mitochondrial Cyt-b and the species status of Laniarius dubiosus (Rchw. 1899). J. Ornithol. 138: 291--296. (AK Stoffwechselphys., Univ. Frankfurt, Siesmayerstr. 70, D--60323 Frankfurt, Germany.)---DNA analysis shows that the Laniarius dubiosus specimen described by Reichenow is a Laniarius luehderi.---P.H.B.

{D114} Prinzinger, R., et al. 1997. [The taxonomic status of Laniarius dubiosus (Rchw. 1899) with additional data on type description of Laniarius liberatus, Bulo Burti Boubou (Smith, Arctander, Fjeldsa & Amir 1991).] J. Ornithol. 138: 283--289. (AK Stoffwechselphys., Univ. Frankfurt, Siesmayerstr. 70, D--60323 Frankfurt, Germany.)---DNA analysis shows that the Laniarius dubiosus specimen described by Reichenow is Laniarius luehderi. Color plates. (German, English summ.)---P.H.B.

{D114} Salomon, M. 1997. [What taxonomic status should be given to the Iberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus (collybita) brehmii?] Alauda 65: 63--81. (c/o Mme. Ploquin, 12 rue Godefroy, F--75013 Paris, France.)---Present situation discussed. (French.)---G.O.

{D114} Sangster, G. 1997. Acrocephalus and Hippolais relationships: shaking the tree. Dutch Birding 19: 294--300. (Nieuwe Rijn 27, 2312 JD Leiden, Netherlands.)---Based on molecular phylogeny by Leisler et al. (J. Ornithol. 138: 469-496); advocates inclusion of Hippolais caligata and Hippolais pallida in Acrocephalus and specific status of Acrocephalus avicenniae and Acrocephalus fuscus. Includes first published photographs of Acrocephalus avicenniae.---G.Sa.

{D114} Svensson, L. 1997. Iberian Chiffchaff: reply on request. Birding World 10: 461. ([Incomplete address given] Sweden.)---Taxonomy of Phylloscopus collybita ibericus and Phylloscopus collybita collybita.---T.M.B.

{D114} Taylor, R. H. 1998. A reappraisal of the Orange-fronted Parakeet (Cyanoramphus sp.)---species or colour morph. Notornis 45: 49--63. (22 Waterhouse St., Nelson, New Zealand.)---The Orange-fronted Parakeet and Yellow-crowned Parakeet are probably 2 colour morphs of the same species.---E.O.M.

{D114} Voisin, C., & J. F. Voisin. 1997. [On the Papuan Lory Charmosyna papou.] Alauda 65: 191--195. (Lab. Zool., Mammifères et Oiseaux, M.N.H.N., 55 rue Buffon, F--75005 Paris, France.)---Charmosyna papou papou a valid species. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{D300} Backwell, P. R., O’Hara, P. D., & J. H. Christy. 1998. Prey availability and selective foraging in shorebirds. Anim. Behav. 55: 1659--1667. (Smithsonian Trop. Res. Inst., PO Box 2072, Balboa, Panama.)---For Numenius phaeopus, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus, Arenaria interpres, Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius wilsonia, Charadrius semipalmatus feeding on fiddler crabs, measurements of prey availability should take into account prey activity patterns and responses to predators.---A.K.T.

{D300} Hickling, G. J. 1997. Effect of green dye and cinnamon oil on consumption of cereal baits by captive North Island Kaka (Nestor meridionalis). N. Z. J. Zool. 24: 239--242. (Dept. Entomol. & Ecol., P.O. Box 84, Lincoln Univ., Canterbury, New Zealand.)---Cereal baits with poison are used to kill possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), an introduced mammal pest in New Zealand forests. The problem is how to minimise the poisoning of non-target species such as the Kaka. In this study, captive parrots preferred plain cereal baits over green-dyed, cinnamon-impregnated baits. Caution should be exercised in extending this result to a field situation.---E.O.M.

{D300} Morera, F. 1994. Diet and feeding rates of Knots Calidris canutus in the Tagus estuary (Portugal). Ardea 82: 133--136. (Depto. Zool. Antropol., Fac. Cienc., Bloco C2, Univ. Lisboa, P%1700 Lisboa, Portugal.)

{D302} Alabarce, E. 1990. Aportes al conocimiento de la dieta en Caprimúlgidos. [Studies on the diet of caprimulgids]. Acta Zool. Lilloana 39(2): 91--94. (Fundación Miguel Lillo, Sección Ornitologia, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000-Tucumán, Argentina.)---Mainly insectivorous with preference for Coleoptera and Hymenoptera.---C.G.S.

{D302} Alabarce, E., & C. Antelo. 1993. Análisis del regimen alimenticio de Mecocerculus leucophrys (Tyrannidae) y de Myioborus brunniceps (Parulidae) en la taxocenosis de aves de Las Juntas-Catamarca. [Diet of Mecocerculus leucophrys (Tyrannidae) and Myioborus brunniceps (Parulidae) in Las Juntas-Catamarca. Colombia.] Acta Zool. Lilloana 42(2): 245--252. (Fundación Miguel Lillo 251, 4000-Tucumán, Argentina.)---Both species consume the same items but in different proportions.---C.G.S.

{D302} Avila H., Ma. L., V. H. Hernández O., & E. Velarde*. 1996. The diet of Resplendant Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno mocinno: Trogonidae) in a Mexican cloud forest. Biotropica 28: 720--727. (Conserv. Territorio Insular Mexicano, A. C. 9051-C Siempre Viva Rd., Suite 37-661, San Isidro, CA 92173, USA.)---Overall, 50% of the species’ diet constitutes of plants from the family Lauraceae. Quetzals are specialized frugivores and may play an important role in seed dispersion in their habitat.---G.R.

{D302} Bayle, P. 1996. [Feeding of Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo in Mercantour National Park (Alps Maritimes, France).] Avocetta 20: 12--25. (15 rue Bravet, F--13005 Marseille, France.) (French, Engl. summ.)

{D302} Bekasinski, R., K. Kasprzak, & A. L. Ruprecht. 1996. [Chronological analysis of the food of the Barn Owl, Tyto alba guttata (C.L. BR) from Równina Rychwalska Plain (Great Poland).] Badan. Fizjogr. Nad Polska Zachol., Ser. C, Zool. 43: 55--65. (Zaklad Zool. Kregowców, Inst. Biol., Ochrony Srodowiska Univ., ul. Gagarina 9, 87--100 Torun, Poland.)---Based on 2000 prey items from 1969-93. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---J.P.

{D302} Beltzer A., H. 1988. Biología alimentaria del Tordo Mulato Molothrus badius badius (Aves: Icteridae) en el valle aluvial del Río Paraná Medio, Argentina. [Diet of Molothrus badius badius in Río Paraná Medio, Argentina.] Rev. Asoc. Cienc. Nat. Litoral 19(2): 117--121. (Inst. Nac. de Limnología (INALI-CONICET) José Macía 1933-3016 Santo Tomé, Santa Fe, Argentina.)---Mostly seeds and insects.---C.G.S.

{D302} Beltzer A., H., & E. Mosso. 1992. Alimentación de algunos patos (Aves: Anatidae) en el valle aluvial del Río Paraná Medio, Argentina. [Food of waterfowl at Río Paraná Medio, Argentina.] Rev. Asoc. Cienc. Nat. Litoral 23: 37--43. (Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET) José Macía 1933-3016 Santo Tomé, Santa Fe, Argentina.)---Stomach contents show diet based on plant matter.---C.G.S.

{D302} Beltzer A., H., & E. Mosso. 1992. Alimentación invernal del pato picazo Netta peposaca (Aves: Anatidae) en el valle aluvial del Río Paraná Medio, Argentina. [Wintering food habits of Netta peposaca (Aves: Anatidae) in Río Paraná Medio, Argentina.] Rev. Asoc. Cienc. Nat. Litoral 23: 45--50. (Instituto Nacional de Limnología [INALI-CONICET] José Macía 1933-3016 Santo Tomé, Santa Fe, Argentina.)---Stomach contents show diet based on plant matter.---C.G.S.

{D302} Bijlsma, R. G. 1993. [Roles reversed: Common Buzzard Buteo buteo catches Pine marten Martes martes.] Limosa 66: 124--125. (Doldersummerweg 1, 7983 LD Wapse, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl.summ.)

{D302} Boonman, M. 1996. [Pond Bat Myotis dascycneme prey of Tawny Owl Strix aluco.] Limosa 69: 72. (Prof. Hugo de Vrieslaan 47, 3571 GG Utrecht, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{D302} Bunskoeke, E. J. 1996. Why do Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus switch from feeding on Baltic Tellin Macoma balthica to feeding on the Ragworm Nereis diversicolor during the breeding season? Ardea 84 A: 91--104. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Perhaps because of greater burying depth and poorer condition of Macoma, more surface activity of Nereis, or both.---R.G.B.

{D302} Burrows, C. J. 1995. Germination behaviour of the seeds of six New Zealand woody plant species. N. Z. J. Bot. 33: 365--377. (Dept. Plant & Microb. Sci., Univ. Canterbury, Priv. Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.)---Contains passing reference to several birds that eat the fruit or seeds of plants described.---H.D.P.

{D302} Burrows, C. J. 1995. Germination behaviour of the seeds of four New Zealand species of Coriaria (Coriariaceae). N. Z. J. Bot. 33: 265--275. (Dept. Plant & Microb. Sci., Univ. Canterbury, Priv. Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.)---Contains passing reference to several birds that eat the fruit or seeds of plants described.---H.D.P.

{D302} Burrows, C. J. 1995. Germination behaviour of the seeds of the New Zealand species Aristotelia serrata, Coprosma robusta, Cordyline australis, Myrtus obcordata and Schefflera digitata. N. Z. J. Bot. 33: 257--264. (Dept. Plant & Microb. Sci., Univ. Canterbury, Priv. Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.)---Contains passing reference to several birds that eat the fruit or seeds of plants described.---H.D.P.

{D302} Burrows, C. J. 1995. Germination behaviour of seeds of the New Zealand species Fuchsia excorticata, Griselinia littoralis, Macropiper excelsium, and Melicytus ramiflorus. N. Z. J. Bot. 33: 131--140. (Dept. Plant & Microbiol. Sci., Univ. Canterbury, Priv. Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.)---Contains passing reference to several birds that eat the fruit or seeds of plants described.---H.D.P.

{D302} Burrows, C. J. 1996. Germination behaviour of the seeds of the New Zealand woody species Melicope simplex, Myoporum laetum, Myrsine divaricata, and Urtica ferox. N. Z. J. Bot. 34: 205--213. (Dept. Plant & Microb. Sci., Univ. Canterbury, Priv. Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.)---Contains passing reference to several birds that eat the fruit or seeds of plants described.---H.D.P.

{D302} Burrows, C. J. 1996. Germination behaviour of the seeds of seven New Zealand woody plant species. N. Z. J. Bot. 34: 355--367. (Dept. Plant & Microb. Sci., Univ. Canterbury, Priv. Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.)---Contains passing reference to several birds that eat the fruit or seeds of plants described.---H.D.P.

{D302} Burrows, C. J. 1996. Germination behaviour of the seeds of seven New Zealand vine species. N. Z. J. Bot. 34: 93--102. (Dept. Plant & Microb. Sci., Univ. Canterbury, Priv. Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.)---Contains passing reference to several birds that eat the fruit or seeds of plants described.---H.D.P.

{D302} Chesser, R. T. 1995. Comparative diets of obligate ant-following birds at a site in northern Bolivia. Biotropica 27: 382--390. (Mus. Nat. Sci. & Dept. Zool. Physiol., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.)---Gymnopithys salvini, Rhegmatorhina melanosticta, Myrmeciza fortis, Phlegopsis nigromaculata, and Dendrocincla merula; diet composition differed little among species, but stomachs of dominant species had greater numbers of prey items than those of subdominants.---G.R.

{D302} Correa, A., et al. 1990. La dieta del Chucao (Scelorchilus rubecula), un Passeriforme terrícola endémico del bosque templado húmedo de Sudamérica austral. [Diet of Scelorchilus rubecula, an endemic terrestrial species of the humid temperate forests of South America.] Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. 63: 197--202. (Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología Vegetal, Dept. de Biología, Fac. de Cienc. Univ. de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.)---Chucao Tapaculo eats insects, seeds, and fruits.---C.G.S.

{D302} Cresswell, W. 1995. Selection of avian prey by wintering Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus in southern Scotland. Ardea 83: 381--389. (Appl. Ornithol. Unit, Graham Kerr Bldg., Glasgow Univ., G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK.)---Selects prey of 51--150 g, with vulnerability to predation positively correlated with body weight of prey species up to 150 g.---R.G.B.

{D302} Croxall, J. P., P. A. Prince, & K. Reid. 1997. Dietary segregation of krill-eating South Georgia seabirds. J. Zool. 242: 531--556. (Brit. Antarct. Survey, Nat. Environ. Res. Counc., High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.)---In Diomedea chrysostoma, Diomedea melanophris, Procellaria aequinoctialis, Pachyptila desolata, Pygoscelis papua and Eudyptes chrysolophus.

{D302} de Vlas S. J., et al. 1996. Tidal changes in the choice of Nereis diversicolor or Macoma balthica as main prey species in the diet of the Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus. Ardea 84 A: 105--116. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)

{D302} Debus, S. J. J., R. B. Shepherd, & A. B. Rose. 1998. Diet of the Barking Owl Ninox connivens near Armidale, New South Wales. Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 302--305. (Div. Zool., Univ. New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.)---Pre-breeding pellets contained only bird remains; post-fledging pellets contained arboreal mammals, birds and insects.---I.D.E.

{D302} Dietsch, T. V., & F. J. Cuthbert. 1997. Virginia Rail predation on crayfish in a Lake Huron coastal wetland. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 196--198. (Univ. Mich., SNR&E, Dana Bldg., 430 E. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.)---Rallus limicola.

{D302} Dirksen, S., et al. 1995. Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis in shallow eutrophic freshwater lakes: prey choice and fish consumption in the non-breeding period and effects of large-scale fish removal. Ardea 83 (1): 167--184. (Bureau Waardenburg, P.O. Box 365, 4100 AJ Culemborg, Netherlands.)---Cormorants probably support water management by preferentially catching fish hazardous to transparency of water.---R.G.B.

{D302} Dobrowolski, K. A., B. Leznicka, & R. Halba. 1996. Natural food of ducks and coots in shallow-macrophyte dominated lake Lake Luknajno (Masurian Lakeland, Poland). Ekol. Pol. 44: 271--287. (Inst. Zool. Univ., 00--927 Warszawa, Krakowskie Przedmiescie 26/28, Poland.)---Anas platyrhynchos, Aythya ferina, Netta rufina, Fulica atra, and Cygnus olor.

{D302} Douglass, J. F. 1997. Osprey diet includes Red Squirrel. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 151--152. (3347 Airport Hwy., Toledo, OH 43609, USA.)---Pandion haliaetus, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus.

{D302} Downs, C. T., & M. R. Perrin. 1996. Sugar preferences of some southern African nectarivorous birds. Ibis 138: 455--459. (Dept. Zool. & Entomol., Univ. Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.)---Promerops gurneyi, Nectarinia famosa and Nectarinia amethystina.

{D302} Dronneau, C. 1997. [Regular consumption of buds by Black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 107--108. (rue des Lentilles 19, F--67300 Schiltigheim, France.)---Populus × Eu-americana, Betula verrucosa, and Salix fragilis. (French,)---G.O.

{D302} García, M. E. 1996. [Notes on the diet of Crotophaga ani (Aves: Cuculidae) in pastureland in Havana, Cuba.] El Pitirre 9(3): 6--7. (Inst. Ecol. Sist., MITMA, Carr. de Verona km 3½ Boyeros, AP 8010, CP 10800, Habana 8, Cuba.)---(Spanish.)

{D302} Gardner, K. T., & D. C. Thompson. 1988. Influence of avian predation on a grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) assemblage that feeds on threadleaf snakeweed. Environ. Entomol. 27: 110--116. (Dept. Entomol., Plant Pathol. & Weed Sci., NM State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA.)---Mimus polyglottos and Aimophila cassinii important predators of Hesperotettix viridis and Melanoplus aridus.---R.G.T.

{D302} Garrett, K. L., et al. 1997. Food items of naturalized parrots in southern California. West. Birds 28: 196--201. (Sec. Verts., Nat. Hist. Mus., 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.)---Important food sources primarily exotic plant species, but include fruits of native walnut, sycamore and oak.---K.C.M.

{D302} Gaston, A. J., & R. D. Elliot. 1996. Predation by Ravens Corvus corax on Brunnich's Guillemot Uria lomvia eggs and chicks and its possible impact on breeding site selection. Ibis 138: 742--748. (Can. Wild. Ser., 100 Gamelin Blvd., Hull, PQ, K1A 0H3, Can.)---Predation greater on peripheral sites near top of colony, on narrow ledges, and on those nests with few close neighbors.---J.V.B.

{D302} Godinez, E., & R. Oviedo. 1995. Fruits of jocuma (Masitchodendrum foetidissimum) as food item of pigeons at Zapata Swamp, Cuba. El Pitirre 8(1): 5. (Inst. Ecol. Sistem., Acad. Ciencias Cuba, AP 8010, CP 10800, Habana 8, Cuba.)---Columba leucocephala, Columba inornata.

{D302} Gonzales-Solés, J., J. C. Abella, & R. Aymi. 1996. Shell size relationships in the consumption of gastropods by migrant Song Thrushes Turdus philomelos. Avocetta 20: 147--149. (Dept. Biol. Anim., Univ. Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Spain.)

{D302} Gory, G., & R. André. 1997. [Predation on the Swift Apus apus by the Yellow-legged Gull Larus cachinnans.] Alauda 65: 197--198. (Mus. Hist. Nat., 13 bis bd Amiral Courbet, F--30000 Nimes, France.) (French.)

{D302} Graveland, J., & T. van Gijzen. 1994. Arthropods and seeds are not sufficient as calcium sources for shell formation and skeletal growth in passerines. Ardea 82: 299--314. (Inst. For. Nat. Res., P.O. Box 23, 6700 Wageningen, Netherlands.)

{D302} Hendricks, P. 1996. Ingestion of snow and ice by Pileated Woodpeckers and Northern Flickers. Northwest. Nat. 77: 20--21. (Montana Nat. Her. Progr., 909 Locust St., Missoula, MT 59802, USA.)---Dryocopus pileatus and Colaptes auratus in Montana.---R.B.C.

{D302} Hernàndez, A. 1996. [Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio predation on small mammals in NW Spain.] Alauda 64: 368--369. (Dept. Biol. Anim., Fac. Biol., Univ. de León, E-24071 León, Spain.) (French, Engl. summ.)

{D302} Hirschi, W. 1991. [Tufted Duck feeding on crayfish.] Ornithol. Beob. 88: 73. (Obere Halden, CH--3550 Langnau i.E., Switzerland.)---Aythya fuligula ate "fairly large" Astacus crayfish. (German.)---M.G.

{D302} Hughey, K. F. D. 1997. The diet of the Wrybill (Anarhynchus frontalis) and the Banded Dotterel (Charadrius bicinctus) on two braided rivers in Canterbury, New Zealand. Notornis 44: 185--193. (Dept. Resour. Manage., P.O. Box 56, Lincoln Univ., New Zealand.)---Fecal samples indicate that the 2 species have similar diets although with much individual variation.---E.O.M.

{D302} Huston, R. M., & T. A. Nelson. 1994. Barn Owl (Tyto alba) food habits in west-central Arkansas. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 48: 73--74. (118 Seebee Ln., Buckville, AR 71956, USA.)

{D302} Jorgensen, E. E., S. M. Sell, & S. Demaris. 1998. Barn Owl prey use in Chihuahuan desert foothills. Southwest. Nat. 43: 53--56. (U.S. E.P.A., P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA.)---Tyto alba in southern New Mexico selected Sigmodon and Perognathus.---J.J.D.

{D302} Kayser, Y., et al. 1997. [Note on the food of Upland Buzzards Buteo hemilasius in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 97--103. (Stn. Biol. Tour du Valat, le Sambuc, F--13200 Arles, France.)---Includes mammals Lagurus lagurus, Phodopus sungorus, and Meriones sp. (French, Engl. summ.)

{D302} Keijl, G. O., & H. Sandee. 1996. On occurence and diet of the Marsh Owl Asio capensis in the Merja Zerga, northwest Morocco. Alauda 64: 451--453. (Stephenonstraat, 15/1, 1097 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands.)---Diet in autumn 1992.---G.O.

{D302} Keller, T. 1995. Food of Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis wintering in Bavaria, southern Germany. Ardea 83 (1): 185--192. (Weinbergstrasse 9, D--97753 Karlstadt-Stetten, Germany.)---Unlikely that birds impose serious threat to commercial fisheries, with 3.3% taken of annual fish production at Chiemsee and 21% at lower Inn.---R.G.B.

{D302} Kersten, M., & W. Visser. 1996. Food intake of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus by day and by night measured with an electronic nest balance. Ardea 84 A: 57--72. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Amount of food consumed per low water period varied greatly between tidal cycles, but birds balanced intake with expenditure on a 24-h basis.---R.G.B.

{D302} Kielb, M. A., & S. D. 1996. Male Merlin preys on male Bobolink. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 3: 157. (1731 Hatcher Crescent, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.)---Falco columbarius, Dolichonyx oryzivorus.

{D302} Kirkconnell, A., et al. 1992. Los grupos tróficos en la avifauna cubana. [Trophic levels in the avifauna of Cuba.] Poeyana (415): 1--21. (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Cd. de la Habana, Cuba Empresa Nacional para la protección de la Flora y Fauna, Zoologico Nacional, Havana, Cuba.)---Chiefly insectivores.---C.G.S.

{D302} Le Dréan-Quénec'hdu & R. Mahéo. 1997. [Impact of waders on molluscs in the Traicts du Croisic, west France.] Alauda 65: 131--149. (Lab. Evol. Syst. Nat. Mod., Univ. de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, F--35042 Rennes Cedex, France.)---Consumption of cockles by Haematopus ostralegus accounts for 12--19% of total recorded mortality rate. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{D302} Lombardi, J., & J. Motta. 1993. Seeds of the champax Michelia champaca L. (Magnoliaceace), as a food source for Brazilian birds. Ciencia e Cultura 46(6): 408--409. (Dept. de Morfologia e Sistemática de Vegetais, Univ. Estadual de Campinas, SP 13081-970.Dept. de Ecología e Biología Evolutiva Univ. Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos SP 13565-905, Brasil.)---About 19 species (parrots, woodpeckers, passerines) feed on these seeds.---C.G.S.

{D302} Lucero, M. 1993. Alimentación de Porzana albicollis Vieillot, 1819 (Aves, Rallidae) en el departamento oran provincia de Salta, Argentina. [Diet of Porzana albicollis in Salta, Argentina]. Acta Zool. Lilloana 42(2): 261--266. (Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, Tucumán-4000, Argentina.)---Varied diet with mainly seeds, fruits, insects, and eggs.---C.G.S.

{D302} McKay, H. V., J. D. Bishop, & D. C. Ennis. 1994. The possible importance of nutritional requirements for Dark-bellied Brent Geese in the seasonal shift from winter cereals to pasture. Ardea 82: 123--132. (Central Sci. Lab., Min. Agr., Fish. & Food, Tangley Place, Worplesdon, Surrey, GU3 3LQ, UK.)---Branta bernicla maximize dietary protein in early winter, and water soluble carbohydrates thereafter.---R.G.B.

{D302} Mihue, J. R., C. H. Trost, & T. B. Mihue. 1997. Shorebird predation on benthic macroinvertebrates in an irrigation reservoir. Great Basin Nat. 57: 245--253. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Idaho State Univ., Pocatello, ID 83209-8007, USA.)---Predation in southeastern Idaho had greatest effect on medium size chironomid larvae.---R.B.C.

{D302} Mondino L., F. Fraticelli, & C. Consiglio. 1996. Food of Italian Sparrow Passer italiae nestlings in Central Italy. Avocetta 20: 132--137. (Via Tespi 110, 00125 Roma, Italy.)

{D302} Moreira, F. 1994. Diet, prey-size selection and intake rates of Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa feeding on mudflats. Ibis 136: 349--355. (Depto. Zool. Antropol., Fac. Ciencias, Bloco C2, Univ. Lisboa, P--1700 Lisboa, Portugal.)

{D302} Naulleau, G., C. Verheyden, & X. Bonnet. 1997. [Specialist predation of the Aspic Viper Vipera aspis by a pair of Common Buzzard Buteo buteo.] Alauda 65: 155--160. (Ctr. Etudes Biol. de Chizé, CNRS, F--79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France.) (French.)

{D302} Nogales, M., & E. C. Hernandez. 1994. Interinsular variations in the spring and summer diet of the Raven Corvus corax in the Canary Islands. Ibis 136: 441--447. (Depto. Biol. Anim., Univ. La Laguna, 38206, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.)

{D302} Perez-Hurtado, A., J. D. Goss-Custard & F. Garcia. 1997. The diet of wintering waders in Cadiz Bay, southwest Spain. Bird Study 44: 45--52. (Dept. Anim. Biol. Ecol., Fac. Mar. Sci., Poligono Rio San Pedro, Aptdo 40, Puerto Real, E-11510 Cadiz, Spain.)---Tringa totanus, Pluvialis squatarola, Numenius arquata, Limosa limosa, Limosa lapponica, Charadrius hiaticula, Charadrius alexandrinus, Himantopus himantopus, Calidris alpina, Calidris minuta, Calidris alba investigated at salt pans and fish ponds. Many insects and seeds of marsh plants taken.---D.W.

{D302} Peris, S. J., F. J. Briz, & F. Campos. 1994. Recent changes in the food of the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea in central-west Spain. Ibis 136: 488--489. (Depto. Biol. Anim., Fac. Biol., Univ. Salamanca, 37071 Salamanca, Spain.)

{D302} Platteeuw, M., et al. 1992. [Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in Lake Ketelmeer outside the breeding season: numbers, food choice and food availability.] Limosa 65: 93--102. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Proportion of standing fish stocks taken ranges from 14% in turbid waters to 28--36% in clear water. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{D302} Pulliainen, E., & P. Ollinmaki. 1996. A long-term study of the food niche of the Pine Marten Martes martes in northern boreal Finland. Acta Theriol. 41: 337--352. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Oulu, FIN--90570 Oulu, Finland.)---Prey included Cinclus cinclus, Perisoreus infaustus, Dendrocopus major, Picoides tridactylus, Loxia spp., Pinicola enucleator and Parus cinctus.---J.P.

{D302} Richards, M. 1996. Summer Tanager eats bees at Vale [S. Dakota]. S. Dakota Bird Notes 48: 72. (Box 123, Vale, SD 57788, USA.)---Piranga rubra and domestic honeybees.---R.B.C.

{D302} Rohner, C., & J. N. M. Smith. 1996. Brood size manipulations in Great Horned Owls Bubo virginianus: are predators food limited at the peak of prey cycles? Ibis 138: 236--242. (Dept. Zool., Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Can.)---Yes, at least in experimentally enlarged broods.---J.V.B.

{D302} Russell, J., & W. A. Montevecchi. 1996. Predation on adult Puffins Fratercula arctica by Great Black-headed Gulls Larus marinus at a Newfoundland colony. Ibis 138: 791--794. (Dept. Psychol. & Biol., Memorial Univ., St. John's, NF, A1B 3X9, Can.)

{D302} Silvius, K. M. 1995. Avian consumers of Cardón fruits (Stenocereus griseus: Cactaceae) on Margarita Island, Venezuela. Biotropica 27: 96--105. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Florida, 223 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.)---Aratinga pertinax, Amazona barbadensis and 12 other species; feeding observations, captive feeding and seed germination trials.---G.R.

{D302} Stewart, B., & A. Lauder. 1997. Gizzard contents of Pochard, Tufted Duck and Goldeneye from Loch Leven, Kinross, [Scotland] in winter 1994-95. Scott. Birds 19: 28--35. (WWT Slimbridge, Gloucester GL2 7BT, UK.)---Aythya ferina, Aythya fuligula, Bucephala clangula.

{D302} Taylor, A. J., & J. O’Halloran. 1997. The diet of the Dipper Cinclus cinclus as represented by fecal and regurgitate pellets: a comparison. Bird Study 44: 338--347. (Dept. Zool. Anim. Ecol., Univ. Coll. Cork, Lee Maltings Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland.)---No significant difference in taxonomic composition of diet in the two pellet types.---D.W.

{D302} van Dobben, W. H. 1995. The food of the Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis: old and new research. Ardea 83 (1): 139--142. (Dorskampweg 4, 6704 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.)

{D302} Veldkamp, R. 1995. Diet of Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis at Wanneperveen, The Netherlands, with special reference to Bream Abramis brama. Ardea 83 (1): 143--155. (De Rikking 46, 8332 CG Steenwijk, Netherlands.)---Consume 5--16% of standing stock of Abramis brama in lakes near colony, mainly individuals >200 mm.---R.G.B.

{D302} Veldkamp, R. 1995. The use of chewing pads for estimating the consumption of cyprinids by Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo. Ardea 83 (1): 135--138. (De Rikking, 8332 CG Steenwijk, Netherlands.)

{D302} Warke, G. M. A., & K. R. Day. 1995. Changes in abundance of cyprinid and percid prey affect rate of predation by Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo carbo on Salmon Salmo salar smolt in northern Ireland. Ardea 83 (1): 157--166. (Dept. Biol. Biomed. Sci., Univ. Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.)---Year-round fishing may have significant impact on older salmon parr.---R.G.B.

{D302} Watermolen, D. J. 1996. Osprey preys on mudpuppy. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 3: 157--158. (Bur. Integrated Sci. Serv., Wisc. Dept. Nat. Res., P.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707, USA.)---Pandion haliaetus, Necturus maculosus.

{D302} Westmoreland, J. L., R. Tumlison, & J. Gann. 1994. Food habits of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) at a nest site in southwest Arkansas. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 48: 266--268. (Dept. Biol., Henderson St. Univ., Arkadelphia, AR 71999, USA.)

{D302} Wiersma, P., T. Piersma, & M. R. van Eerden. 1995. Food intake of Great Crested Grebes Podiceps cristatus wintering on cold water as a function of various cost factors. Ardea 83: 339--350. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Food intake increases 1.8 fold from Oct. to Jan., mainly owing to higher activity costs during winter.---R.G.B.

{D302} Yosef, R. 1997. On habitat-specific nutritional condition in Graceful Warblers Prinia gracilis: evidence from ptilochronology. J. Ornithol. 138: 309--313. (Int. Birding Ctr., PO. Box 774, Eilat 88106, Israel.)---Reed beds better habitat than salt marsh.---P.H.B.

{D302} Zijlstra, M., & M. R. van Eerden. 1995. Pellet production and the use of otoliths in determining the diet of Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis trials with captive birds. Ardea 83 (1): 123--131. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Produce single pellet/day, containing undigested remains of food caught previous day.---R.G.B.

{D302} Zuninos, S., & M. Arcos. 1989. Nuevos antecedentes de la dieta de Tyto alba en el Parque Nacional de la Campana. [New data on the diet of the Common Barn-Owl at La Campana National Park {Chile}.] An. Mus. Hist. Nat. Valparaíso 20: 99--101. (Mus. Hist. Nat. Valparaíso casilla 3208 correo 3, Valparaíso, Chile.)---Preys on 5-7 species, chiefly Abrocoma benneti.---C.G.S.

{D302} Zwarts, L., & A.-M. Blomert. 1996. Daily metabolized energy consumption of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus feeding on larvae of the crane fly Tipula paludosa. Ardea 84 A: 221--228. (Rijkswaterstaat IJsselmeergebied, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Low intake rate of leatherjackets possible because birds lived in thermoneutral conditions and flew only 15 min/day.---R.G.B.

{D302} Zwarts, L., et al. 1996. Causes of variation in prey profitability and its consequences for the intake rate of the Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus. Ardea 84 A: 229--268. (Rijkswaterstaat IJsselmeergebied, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Review of prey defenses affecting prey profitability and intake rate of predator.---R.G.B.

{D302} Zwarts, L., J. Wanink, & B. J. Ens. 1996. Predicting seasonal and annual fluctuations in the local exploitation of different prey by Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus: a ten-year study in the Wadden Sea. Ardea 84 A: 401--440. (Rijkswaterstaat IJsselmeergebied, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Predict intake rate and prey choice, combining optimal prey choice model with detailed measurements of widely fluctuating food supply.---R.G.B.

{D304} Elder, D. J. 1997. Unusual Bohemian Waxwing behaviour. Birders J. 6: 20. (Box 252, Atikokan, ON P0T 1C0, Can.)---Bombycilla garrulus catching snowflakes in mid-air.---A.L.L.

{D304} Trauttmansdorff, J., & G. Wassermann. 1995. Number of pellets produced by immature Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. Ardea 83 (1): 133--134. (Inst. Angewandte Öko-Ethol., Abt. Donau, A--2000, Stockerau, Austria.)---Juvenile Cormorants start pellet production at age of 2 months.---R.G.B.

{D304} Williams, J. B., & M. A. Du Plessis. 1996. Field metabolism and water flux of Sociable Weavers Philetairus socius in the Kalahari Desert. Ibis 138: 168--171. (Percy FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa 7700.)---Sociable Weavers cannot rely on seeds as a food source without another source of water.---J.V.B.

{D306} Aho, T., et al. 1997. Behavioural responses of Eurasian Treecreepers, Certhia familiaris, to competition with ants. Anim. Behav. 43: 1283--1290. (Dept. Ecol. Syst., Div. Pop. Biol., PO Box 17, FIN-00014 Univ. Helsinki, Finland.)---Forage more on trunks without ants.---A.K.T.

{D306} Bateson, M., & A. Kacelnik. 1997. Starlings' preference for predictable and unpredictable delays to food. Anim. Behav. 53: 1129--1142. (Dept. Zool., S. Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Sturnus vulgaris.

{D306} Biddau, L. 1995. Feeding success and relationships of some species of waterbirds in the "Valli di Comacchio" (Italy). Avocetta 20: 138--143. (Dept. Biol. Anim., Torino Univ., V. Accademia Albertina 17, 10123 Turin, Italy.)---Egretta garzetta, Larus ridibundus, Sterna hirundo.

{D306} Boersma, P. D., & L. S. Davis. 1997. Feeding chases and food allocation in Adélie Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae. Anim. Behav. 54: 1047--1052. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.)

{D306} Bowskill, P. 1997. Imperial Eagle stoops on a gazelle. Oman Bird News 20: 8. (Woodlands, Over Kellet, Carnforth, Lancs., UK.)---Aquila heliaca.

{D306} Calvo, B., & R. W. Furness. 1996. Effects of environmental conditions on aerial feeding by Collared Pratincoles Glareola pratincola breeding in southwest Spain. Avocetta 20: 97--100. (Appl. Ornithol. Unit, Inst. Biomed. Life Sci., Graham Kerr Bldg., Glasgow Univ., Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)

{D306} Camphuysen, C. J. 1995. Herring Gull Larus argentatus and Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus feeding at fishing vessels in the breeding season: competitive scavenging versus efficient flying. Ardea 83: 365--380. (NIOZ, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---Reduction of fisheries near coast has probably led to reduced feeding opportunities for Herring Gulls (feeding range of 95% of all birds within 54 km of colony), but not for Lesser Black-backed Gulls (95% within 135 km).---R.G.B.

{D306} Clapp, G. E. 1996. Flower-piercing by (presumed) honeyeaters in Papua New Guinea. Muruk 8: 33--34. (123 Kennedy Terr., Paddington, Qld. 4064, Australia.)---First recorded use of a pierced flower epiphyte (Rhododendron sp.) by a honey eater, Ptiloprora guisei, in Papua New Guinea.---I.C.R.

{D306} Clayton, N. S., & A. Jolliffe. 1996. Marsh Tits Parus palustris use tools to store food. Ibis 138: 554. (Sect. Neurobiol., Physiol. & Beh., Briggs Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.)

{D306} Clayton, N. S., D. Griffiths, & A. T. D. Bennett. 1994. Storage of stones by Jays Garrulus glandarius. Ibis 136: 331--334. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Occurs only when food is absent and with stones that resemble acorns in size and appearance.---J.V.B.

{D306} Clayton, N. S., R. Mellor, & A. Jackson. 1996. Seasonal patterns of food storing in the Jay Garrulus glandarius. Ibis 138: 250--255. (Sect. Neurobiol., Physiol. & Beh., Briggs Hall, Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.)---Greater in autumn in a captive population.---J.V.B.

{D306} de Leeuw, J. J. 1997. Demanding divers: ecological energetics of food exploitation by diving ducks. Ph.D. dissert., Univ. Groningen. (Gedragsbiologie, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Postbus 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Patterns of food exploitation by wintering Aythya fuligula and Aythya marila feeding on zebra mussels. Examines foraging behavior and energetics and uses a model to integrate the foraging energetics of wintering ducks with habitat use and field conditions.---L.B.

{D306} de Nie, H. 1995. Changes in the inland fish populations in Europe in relation to the increase of the Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. Ardea 83 (1): 115--122. (Org. Improvement Inland Fish., P.O. Box 433, 3430 AK Nieuwegein, Netherlands.)---Increasing eutrophication generally favors unstable fish populations; Cormorants adapt to relatively turbid eutrophic waters by social fishing.---R.G.B.

{D306} Dobbs, R. C., & P. R. Martin. 1998. Migrant bird participation at an army ant swarm in montane Jalisco, Mexico. Wilson Bull. 110: 293--295. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Illinois State Univ., Normal, IL 61790, USA.)---Neotropical-Nearctic birds foraging at Labidus praedator raid.---J.J.Dos.

{D306} Dodd, S. L., & M. A. Colwell. 1998. Environmental correlates of diurnal and nocturnal foraging patterns of nonbreeding shorebirds. Wilson Bull. 110: 182--189. (S. Carolina Dept. Nat. Resour., Wildl. Diversity Sec., Samworth WMA, 420 Dirleton Rd., Georgetown, SC 29440, USA.)---Interspecific variation is due to disparity in tidal, seasonal, and moonlight conditions.---J.J.Dos.

{D306} Dolby, A. S., & T. C. Grubb, Jr. 1998. Benefits to satellite members in mixed-species foraging groups: an experimental analysis. Anim. Behav. 56: 501--509. (Dept. Zool., 1735 Neil Ave., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA.)---Baeolophus bicolor, Poecile carolinensis, Poecile atricapillus, Picoides pubescens, Sitta carolinensis.

{D306} Durell S. E. A. Le V. dit., J. D. Goss-Custard, & A. Perez-Hurtado. 1996. The efficiency of juvenile Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus feeding on Ragworm Nereis diversicolor. Ardea 84 A: 153--157. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Furzebrook Res. Stn., Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5AS, UK.)---Juveniles as efficient as adults when feeding on worms.---R.G.B.

{D306} Ens, B. J., & D. Alting. 1996. Prey selection of a captive Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus hammering Mussels Mytilus edulis from the ventral side. Ardea 84 A: 215--219. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---Selection against thick-shelled Mytilus.---R.G.B.

{D306} Ens, B. J., et al. 1996. Prey choice and search speed: why simple optimality fails to explain the prey choice of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus feeding on Nereis diversicolor and Macoma balthica. Ardea 84 A: 73--89. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, Texel, Incompatibility.)---Incompatability of searching for two prey species at the same time makes simple optimal prey choice model useless.---R.G.B.

{D306} Ens, B. J., et al. 1996. Seasonal changes in size selection and intake rate of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus feeding on the bivalves Mytilus edulis and Cerastoderma edule. Ardea 84 A: 159--176. (IBN-DLO, P.O. Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---Prey choice in late spring/early summer probably more heavily influenced by non-energy criteria, e.g., risk of parasitism, than at other times of the year.---R.G.B.

{D306} Fitzpatrick, S. 1997. The timing of early morning feeding by tits. Bird Study 44: 88--96. (Sch. Appl. Biol. Chemical Sci., Univ. Ulster at Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, BT37 0QB, UK.)---Environmental correlates of timing of first arrival at feeding station by Parus major, Parus caeruleus, Parus ater.---D.W.

{D306} Freeman, A. N. D. 1997. The influence of hoki fishing vessels on Westland Petrel (Procellaria westlandica) distribution at sea. Notornis 44: 159--164. (Dept. Entomol. Anim. Ecol., P.O. Box 84, Lincoln Univ., Canterbury, New Zealand.)---Some petrels feed on fishery waste close by trawlers, but only if the boats are in areas where they normally feed.---E.O.M.

{D306} Goss-Custard, J. D., et al. 1996. An empirical optimality model to predict the intake rates of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus feeding on Mussels Mytilus edulis. Ardea 84 A: 199--214. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Furzebrook Res. Stn., Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5AS, UK.)---Model used to explore how intake rate is affected by spatial and seasonal variations in abundance and flesh-content of Mytilus, and to define functional response of Haematopus.---R.G.B.

{D306} Goss-Custard, J. D., J. T. Cayford, & S. E. G. Lea. 1998. The changing trade-off between food finding and food stealing in juvenile Oystercatchers. Anim. Behav. 55: 745--760. (ITE, Furzebrook Res. Stn., Wareham, Dorset BH20 5AS, UK.)---Haematopus ostralegus.

{D306} Graves, G. R. 1998. Stereotyped foraging behavior of the Swainson’s Warbler. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 121--127. (Dept. Vert. Zool., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.)---Limnothlypis swainsonii.

{D306} Hamer, K. C. 1994. Variability and stochasticity of meal size and feeding frequency in the Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis. Ibis 136: 271--278. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Edinburgh Napier Univ., 10 Colinton Rd., Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK.)

{D306} Hulscher, J. B., et al. 1996. Subtle differences between male and female Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus in feeding on the bivalve Macoma balthica. Ardea 84 A: 117--130. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)

{D306} Hulsman, K., M. P. Zalucki, & A. Iedema. 1996. Searching behaviour and diet of Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus pairs feeding in their territories. Ardea 84 A: 131--140. (Fac. Environ. Sci., Griffith Univ., Nathan 4111, Qld, Australia.)---The distribution of Macoma and Corophium available to males searching slowly may be more clumped than of both available to females searching quickly, hence different capture of conspicuous prey by latter.---R.G.B.

{D306} Jolliffe, A. R. 1996. Food-storing and memory in the Coal Tit. Ph.D. dissert., Univ. Oxford. (Dept. Zool., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Ontogeny of food storing behavior, plasticity in behavior and the brain, and memory for food sites in Parus ater.---L.B.

{D306} Kahlert, J., A. D. Fox, & H. Ettrup. 1996. Nocturnal feeding in moulting Greylag Geese Anser anser---an anti-predator response? Ardea 84: 15--22. (Dept. Coastal Zone Ecol., Natl. Environ. Res. Inst., Kalø, DK--8410 Rønde, Denmark.)---Yes.---R.G.B.

{D306} Kalejta, B., & P. A. R. Hockey. 1994. Distribution of shorebirds at the Berg River estuary, South Africa, in relation to foraging mode, food supply and environmental features. Ibis 136: 233--239. (FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa 7700.)---Calidris ferruginea and Pluvialis squatarola.

{D306} Lane, S. J., & M. Hassall. 1996. Nocturnal feeding by Dark-bellied Brent Geese Branta bernicla bernicla. Ibis 138: 291--297. (Sch. Environ. Sci., Univ. East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.)

{D306} Langen, T. A., & R. M. Gibson. 1998. Sampling and information acquisition by Western Scrub-jays, Aphelocoma californica. Anim. Behav. 55: 1245--1254. (Dept. Biol., UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.)---Food items presented in pairs were sampled more often when similar in weight.---A.K.T.

{D306} Larsen, J. K. 1996. Wigeon Anas penelope offsetting dependence on water by feeding in mixed-species flocks: a natural experiment. Ibis 138: 555--557. (Natl. Environ. Res. Inst., Dept Coastal Zone Ecol., Kalø, DK--8410, Rønde, Denmark.)

{D306} Lecocq, A. 1997. [Observations of the feeding behaviour of the Red-Crested Pochard Netta rufina at the Bay of Yvonand (Neuchâtel Lake). Importance of Characeae.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 83--95. (Schwandweg 8, CH--8834 Schindellegi, Switzerland.)---Wintering site for increasing number of Netta rufina. (French, Engl. summ.)

{D306} Leopold, M. F., J. F. van Elk, & Y. M. van Heezik. 1996. Central place foraging in Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus: can parents that transport Mussels Mytilus edulis to their young profit from size selection? Ardea 84 A: 311--325. (NIOZ, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---Some size selection by birds that carry prey long distances.---R.G.B.

{D306} Liknes, E. T., & J. S. Martin. 1996. Bald Eagle pursues Bufflehead. S. Dakota Bird Notes 48: 97. (Dept. Biol., Univ. S. Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.)---Immature Haliaeetus leucocephalus and Bucephala albeola with outcome unknown.---R.B.C.

{D306} Livoreil, B., & L.-A. Giraldeau*. 1997. Patch departure decisions by Spice Finches foraging singly or in groups. Anim. Behav. 54: 967--977. (Dept. Biol., Concordia Univ., 1455 ouest, boul. de Maison-neuve, Montreal, QB H3G 1M8, Can.)---Lonchura punctulata.

{D306} Meire, P. M. 1996. Using optimal foraging theory to determine the density of Mussels Mytilus edulis that can be harvested by hammering Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus. Ardea 84 A: 141--152. (Inst. Nat. Conserv., Min. Flemish Commun., Kliniekstraat 25, B1070 Brussels, Belgium.)---In each length class of Mytilus, thick-shelled ones are rejected, and shell thickness increases with mussel length, as predicted.---R.G.B.

{D306} Meury, R. 1991. Feeding ecology of the Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis in farmland of the Swiss Lowlands. Ornithol. Beob. 88: 57--72. (Hauptstr. 54, 4105 Biel-Benken, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.)

{D306} Montgomerie, R., & P. J. Weatherhead. 1997. How Robins find worms. Anim. Behav. 54: 143--151. (Dept. Biol., Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Can.)---In experiments, Turdus migratorius located mealworms when visual, olfactory, and vibrotactile cues were absent but did less well without auditory cues.---A.K.T.

{D306} Moreno, E., & L. M. Carrascal. 1995. Hoarding Nuthatches spend more time hiding a husked seed than an unhusked seed. Ardea 83: 391--395. (Dept. Evol. Ecol., Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat., José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.)---Sitta europaea.

{D306} Musil, P., J. Janda, & H. de Nie. 1995. Changes in abundance and selection of foraging habitat in Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in South Bohemia (Czech Republic). Ardea 83 (1): 247--253. (Inst. Appl. Ecol., Kostelec nadernmi lesy, CS 281 63, Czech Republic.)---Increase since establishment in 1983, foraging in shallow water and catching fish between 100-200 mm.---R.G.B.

{D306} Oliver, D. L. 1998. Retrieval of cached food by Australian Magpie. Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 309--310. (Div. Zool., Univ. New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.)---Hand-fed Gymnorhina tibicen retrieved bread cached 1½ hours earlier. Behaviour not repeated on subsequent trials.---I.D.E.

{D306} Ortiz-Pulido, R. 1997. Actividades frugivoras de Tyrannus forficatus en un mosaico de vegetación durante la migración. [Fruit eating habits of the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher during migration.] Ornitología Neotropical 8: 237-239. (Depto. Ecologia Vegetal, Instituto de Ecologia, AC, AP 63, 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. EM: ortizrau@sun.ieco.conacyt.mx)---This usually insectivorous species is reported as consuming 12 species of fruits.---R.O.P.

{D306} Ouweneel, G. L. 1995. [Sandwich Terns Sterna sandvicensis and swarming ants.] Limosa 68: 164. (Lijster 17, 3299 BT Maasdam, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{D306} Platteeuw, M., & M. R. van Eerden. 1995. Time and energy constraints of fishing behaviour in breeding Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis at lake IJsselmeer, The Netherlands. Ardea 83 (1): 223--234. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Travelling distance between colony and foraging site may influence reproductive output.---R.G.B.

{D306} Robinson, S. A., & M. A. Hindell. 1996. Foraging ecology of Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua at Macquarie Island during the period of chick care. Ibis 138: 722--731. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Tasmania, G.P.O. Box 252C, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia.)

{D306} Rolando, A., P. Laiolo, & M. Formica. 1997. The influence of flocking on the foraging behaviour of the Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) and the Alpine Chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus) coexisting in the Alps. J. Zool. 242: 299--308. (Dipto. di Biol. Anim., via Accademia Albertina 17, 10123 Torino, Italy.)---Little apparent advantage for foraging in flocks for either species.---J.V.B.

{D306} Ruggiero, R. G. 1996. Interspecific feeding associations mutualism and semi-parasitism between Hippopotami Hippopotamus amphibius and African Jacanas Actophilornis africanus. Ibis 138: 346--348. (Wild. Conserv. Soc., BP 14537, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.)

{D306} Sasvári, L., & Z. Hegyi. 1998. How mixed-species foraging flocks develop in response to benefits from observational learning. Anim. Behav. 55: 1461--1469. (Dept. Gen. Zool., Eötvös Univ., H-1445 Budapest Pf/330 Puskin u. 3, Hungary)---Field experiment compared feeding behaviour of tits (Parus major, Parus palustris) that had seen feeding or non-feeding heterospecifics.---A.K.T.

{D306} Seavy, N. E., & A. J. Baker. 1996. Observation of Black-billed Magpies (Pica pica) "ice fishing" for aquatic insects. Northwest. Nat. 77: 22. (6311 Elysan Dr. NW, Olympia, WA 98502, USA.)

{D306} Thompson, C. F., G. F. Ray, & R. L. Preston. 1996. Nectar robbing in Blue Tits Parus caeruleus: failure of a novel feeding trait to spread. Ibis 138: 552--553. (Ecol. Group, Dept. Biol. Sci., Illinois State Univ., Normal, IL 61761-6901, USA.)

{D306} Tiedemann, R., & G. Nehls. 1997. [Seasonal and tidal variation in densities of feeding birds on tidal mud flats.] J. Ornithol. 138:183--198. (Inst. f. Haustierkunde d. Univ. Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D--24118 Kiel, Germany.) (German, Engl. summ.)

{D306} van Eerden, M. R., & B. Voslamber. 1995. Mass fishing by Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis al lake IJsselmeer, The Netherlands: a recent and successful adaptation to a turbid environment. Ardea 83 (1): 199--212. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Mass fishing enables birds to exploit turbid water and extend foraging range.---R.G.B.

{D306} Voslamber, B., M. Platteeuw, & M. R. van Eerden. 1995. Solitary foraging in sand pits by breeding Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis: does specialised knowledge about fishing sites and fish behaviour pay off? Ardea 83 (1): 213--222. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Only "higher quality" birds can profitably use solitary fishing in early spring.---R.G.B.

{D306} Wanink, J., & L. Zwarts. 1996. Can food specialization by individual Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus be explained by differences in prey specific handling efficiencies? Ardea 84 A: 177--198. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Adaptive feeding behavior contradicts view of Haematopus as conservative specialist.---R.G.B.

{D306} Wanless, S., et al. 1997. Use of time-at-depth recorders for estimating depth and diving performance of European Shags. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 547--561. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Hill of Brathens, Banchory, Kincardineshire AB31 4BY, UK.)---Phalacrocorax aristotelis.

{D306} Willis, E., & Y. Oniki. 1992. As aves eas formigas de correiçao. [Ant swarms and food]. Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8: 123--150. (Depto. Zool., Univ. Estadual de Sao Paulo -UNESP-, C.P. 178, CEP 13.500 Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brasil.)---Several groups of birds are specialized in obtaining their food with the aid of ants.---C.G.S.

{D306} Yamagishi, S., & K. Eguchi. 1996. Comparative foraging ecology of Madagascar vangids (Vangidae). Ibis 138: 283--290. (Lab. Anim. Sociol., Dept. Biol., Fac. Sci., Osaka City Univ., Osaka 558, Japan.)---Foraging and morphology of 13 species compared.---J.V.B.

{D306} Zonfrillo, B. 1997. Bittern sumps and ‘tame’ ducks. Birding World 10: 73--75. (Incomplete address given] Glasgow, Scotland.)---Co-occurrence and behavior of vagrant ducks and bitterns.---T.M.B.

{D308} Beintema, A. J. 1997. Intra-specific kleptoparasitism in Black Tern Chlidonias niger triggered by temporary food shortage. Bird Study 44: 120--122. (Inst. For. Nat. Res., PO Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.)

{D308} Chartier, A. 1997. Bald Eagle steals Blue Jay from Peregrine Falcon. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 150--151. (1442 W. River Park Dr., Inkster, MI 48141, USA.)---Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Falco peregrinus, Cyanocitta cristata.

{D308} Kellner, C. J., & R. J. Cooper. 1998. Two instances of kleptoparasitism in passerines. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 55--57. (Biol. Dept., Arkansas Tech Univ., Russellville, AR 72801, USA.)---Helmitheros vermivorus, Passerina cyanea.

{D308} Oro, D. 1996. Interspecific kleptoparasitism in Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii at the Ebro Delta, northeast Spain: a behavioural response to low food availability. Ibis 138: 218--221. (Dept. Biol. Anim. Vert., Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.)---In relation to a trawler moratorium.---J.V.B.

{D504} Avise, J. C. 1996. Three fundamental contributions of molecular genetics to avian ecology and evolution. Ibis 138: 16--25. (Dept. Genetics, Univ. Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.)---Review of how molecular genetics has changed our understanding of mating systems, phylogenetic history and population structure of birds.---J.V.B.

{D504} Berthold, P., et al. 1997. [The Veiled Blackcap: genetic basis, recent observations, and historical aspects of this melanistic form of the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla).] J. Ornithol. 138:135--170. (Max-Planck-Inst. f. Verhaltensphysiol., Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Schloss Moeggingen, Schlossallee 2, D--78315 Radolfzell, Germany.)---Breeding of hand-raised Madeiran Blackcaps showed that morph development is genetically controlled. (German, Engl. summ.)---P.H.B.

{D504} Brock, M. K. 1991. A comparison of DNA fingerprints from Hispaniolan and Puerto Rican parrots. El Pitirre 4(3): 3--4. (Dept. Biol., Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Can.)---Poor reproductive success of captive Puerto Rican Parrots, Amazona vittata, may be due to inbreeding; Amazona ventralis.---R.B.C.

{D504} Christidis, L., & J. Norman. 1996. Current genetic studies of parrots and cockatoos at the Museum of Victoria. Eclectus 1: 3--4. (Mus. of Victoria, 71 Victoria Cres., Abbotsford, Vic. 3067, Australia.)---Presents summaries of work in progress.---I.C.R.

{D504} Grant, W. S., et al. 1997. Temporal and geographical genetic variability in Namaqua and Burchell’s Sandgrouse. J. Arid Environ. 35: 123--139. (Dept. Genetics, Univ. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.)---Pterocles namaqua, Pterocles burchelli.

{D504} Kusmierski, R., et al. 1993. Molecular information on bowerbird phylogeny and the evolution of exaggerated male characteristics. J. Evol. Biol. 6: 737--752. (Dept. Genetics & Human Variation, La Trobe Univ. Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.)---Phylogeny shown to be monophyletic using mtDNA, with maypole- and avenue-builders each a separate clade. See erratum J. Evol. Biol 7: 641.---W.E.T.

{D504} Kusmierski, R., et al. 1994. Molecular information on bowerbird phylogeny and the evolution of exaggerated male characteristics. Erratum. J. Evol. Biol. 7: 641. (Dept. Genetics & Human Variation, La Trobe Univ. Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.)---Erratum to J. Evol. Biol. 6: 737--752.---W.E.T.

{D504} Lucca E., J., & T. Rocha G. 1992. Citogénetica de Aves. [Avian cytogenetics.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8: 33--68. (Depto. Genética, Inst. de Biociencias, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, CEP 18.600, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.)---Methods.---C.G.S.

{D504} Wenink, P. W., et al. 1992. [DNA analysis beyond the limits of morphometrics.] Limosa 65: 109--115. (Johan de Wittlaan 99, 6828 XE Arnhem, Netherlands.)---Exemplified by analysis of Calidris alpina from Wadden Sea. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{D508} Alatalo, R. V., et al. 1990. Hybridization between Pied and Collared flycatchers---sexual selection and speciation theory. J. Evol. Biol. 3: 375--390. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Color of male Ficedula hypoleuca did not prevent hybridization, whereas song and the white collar of Ficedula albicollis did.---W.E.T.

{D508} Collins, C. T. 1997. Hybridization of a Sandwich and Elegant tern in California. West. Birds 28: 169--173. (Dept. Biol. Sci., California State Univ., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.)---Sterna sandvicensis × Sterna elegans produced chick; photos.---K.C.M.

{D508} Garner, M. 1997. An apparent hybrid wing-barred crossbill. Birding World 10: 71--72. ([Incomplete address given] Co. Antrim, N. Ireland.)---A specimen of unknown origin intermediate in measurements and plumage between Loxia leucoptera and Loxia curvirostra.---T.M.B.

{D508} Grant, P. R., & B. R. Grant. 1997. Hybridization, sexual imprinting, and mate choice. Am. Nat. 149: 1--28. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. Biol., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA; EM: PRGrant@princeton.edu)---Data from 20-year study of Geospiza show hybridization most likely when imprinting syndromes of closely related species are similar.---J.R.F.

{D508} Jiguet, F. 1997. Appearance of a first-autumn hybrid Lesser Crested × Sandwich tern. Birding World 10: 427--428. ([Incomplete address given] France.)---1^st-autumn Sterna bengalensis × Sterna sandvicensis at La Paracou, Les Sables d’Olonne, Vendée, France, 23 Sep 1997.---T.M.B.

{D508} Lehto, H. J., & H. Lehto. 1997. Mixed pair of Black-headed and Citrine Wagtails breeding in Finland in 1997. Dutch Birding 19: 287--290. (Elotie 1 A 8, 20780 Kaarina, Finland.)---Motacilla flava feldegg and citreola reared six young.---G.Sa.

{D508} Pennington, M. 1997. Glaucous and Herring gull hybridisation. Birding World 10: 352. ([Incomplete address given] Shetland, Scotland.)---Only UK breeding record of Larus hyperboreus involved a presumed female paired with a Larus argentatus, rearing chicks 1975--9 on Huney, Unst, Shetland.---T.M.B.

{D508} Rowe, S. P., & D. S. Cooper. 1997. Confirmed nesting of an Indigo with a Lazuli bunting in Kern County, California. West. Birds 28: 225--227. (Kern River Res. Ctr., P.O. Box 990, Weldon, CA 93283, USA.)---Passerina cyanea × Passerina amoena.

{D508} van den Brink, B. 1995. [Sixth Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica × House Martin Delichon urbica hybrid in The Netherlands.] Limosa 68: 165--167. (Zomerdijk 86, 8079 TL Noordeinde, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{D508} Whittam, R. W. 1998. Interbreeding of Roseate and Arctic Terns. Wilson Bull. 110: 65--70. (Dept. Biol., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4JI, Can.; EM: rwhittam@is2.dal.ca)---Evidence for hybridization between Sterna dougallii and Sterna paradisaea.---J.J.Dos.

{D508} Wilkinson, P., et al. 1998. Large falcon problems. Birding World 11: 113. ([Incomplete address given] Hertfordshire, U.K.)---Escaped falconer’s hybrids in the U.K.---T.M.B.

{D700} Knapton, R. W. 1997. Identification of female Common Eider subspecies in Canada. Birders J. 6: 134--136. (17 Hurricane Rd., Fonthill, ON L0S 1E3, Can.)---Somateria mollissima; identification difficult because of variation in S. m. borealis plumage and racial intergrades.---A.L.L.

{D702} Andrews, I. 1997. The Western Sandpiper in Lothian. Birding World 10: 302--304. ([Incomplete address given] Lothian, Scotland.)---Identification of Calidris mauri found 9 Aug 1997 at Musselburgh.---T.M.B.

{D702} Carter, C. 1998. Identification of large Acrocephalus warblers at Candaba Swamp, Luzon, Philippines. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 27: 51--54. (15 Queens Gardens, Hornsea, E. Yorkshire HU18 1AU, UK.)---Separation of Acrocephalus stentoreus from Acrocephalus orientalis based on mist-netting surveys, Feb--Mar 1995.---T.M.B.

{D702} Carter, M. A., & D. Rogers. 1998. Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius: a Kimberley record with comments on morphological and vocal aspects of eastern populations. Aust. Bird Watcher 17: 269--277. (30 Canadian Bay Rd., Mt Eliza, Vic. 3930, Australia.)---First-year bird of subspecies curonicus with bright orange-yellow legs apparently restricted to eastern hemisphere populations.---I.D.E.

{D702} Clark, W. S. 1997. Identification of perched Montagu’s and Pallid harriers. Birding World 10: 267--269. ([Incomplete address given] USA.)---Circus pygargus, Circus macrourus.

{D702} Corso, A. 1997. Appearance of Black-headed Wagtails. Birding World 10: 352. ([Incomplete address given] Sicily, Italy.)---Motacilla flava feldegg on Sicily often show white on the throat or submoustachial stripe.---T.M.B.

{D702} Dubois, P. 1997. Putative Glaucous × Herring gulls. Birding World 10: 275--276. ([Incomplete address given] France.)---Problems in identification of Larus hyperboreus × Larus argentatus.---T.M.B.

{D702} Ebels, E. B. 1997. Identification of brent geese: a new feature. Dutch Birding 19: 232--236. (Lessinglaan 11-2, 3533 AN, Utrecht, Netherlands.)---Colour of rear belly useful to separate Branta hrota and Branta bernicla, colour illustrations.---G.Sa.

{D702} Gantlett, S. 1998. Identification of Great Blue Heron and Grey Heron. Birding World 11: 12--20. (Sea Lawn, Coast Road, Cley next the Sea, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7RZ, UK.)---Ardea herodias, Ardea cinerea.

{D702} Gantlett, S., & R. Millington. 1997. The Purple Gallinule in Cumbria. Birding World 10: 399. (Sea Lawn, Coast Road, Cley next the Sea, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7RZ, UK.)---Subspecific identification of Porphyrio porphyrio of unknown origin, found at Sandscale Haws Nature Reserve, 23 Oct 1997, as caspius or poliocephalus.---T.M.B.

{D702} Gantlett, S., & R. Millington. 1998. The Scilly starling. Birding World 11: 53--75. (Sea Lawn, Coast Road, Cley next the Sea, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7RZ, UK.)---An unusual starling, found on St Mary’s, Isles of Scilly, UK, 31 Jan 1998, identified as an abberant Sturnus vulgaris rather than Sturnus unicolor.---T.M.B.

{D702} Garner, M. 1997. Large white-headed gulls in the United Arab Emirates---a contribution to their field identification. Emirates Bird Report 19: 94--103. (35 Meeting Ho. Ln., Lisburn, Co. Antrim BT27 5BY, UK.)---Larus spp.

{D702} Garner, M., & A. McGeehan. 1997. Dump Gulls. Birding World 10: 101--102. ([Incomplete address given] N. Ireland.)---Identification of Larus argentatus smithsonianus, Larus glaucoides and possible Larus hyperboreus × Larus argentatus hybrids at Belfast Dump, Jan--Mar 1997.---T.M.B.

{D702} Howell, S., & J. King. 1997. Glib style, a half truth seen? Birding World 10: 270--271. ([Incomplete address given] California, USA.)---Problems in identification of Larus thayeri.---T.M.B.

{D702} Jiguet, F. 1997. Identification of South Polar Skua: the Brown Skua pitfall. Birding World 10: 306--310. ([Incomplete address given] France.)---Separation of Catharacta maccormicki from Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi.---T.M.B.

{D702} Jukema, J. 1995. [Not all small plovers are Lesser Golden-Plovers.] Limosa 68: 35--36. (Haerdawei 44, 8854 AC Oosterbierum, Netherlands.)---Pluvialis fulva, Pluvialis dominica or Pluvialis apricaria? (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{D702} Kennerley, P. R. 1997. Dark Common Terns. Dutch Birding 19: 283--284. (15 Penrhyn Beach East, Penrhyn Bay, Llandudno LL30 3NT, Gwynedd, UK.)---Identification of Sterna hirundo tibetana, S. t. longipennis.---G.Sa

{D702} Kraft, M., & M. Frede. 1997. Identification of Barrow's and Common goldeneye. Alula 3: 56--62. (FB Biol. Zool., Karl-von-Frisch-strasse, D--35032 Marburg/Lan, Germany.)---Bucephala islandica and Bucephala clangula.

{D702} Lethaby, N. 1997. Identification of Pine Siskin. Birding World 10: 383--386. ([Incomplete address given] California, USA.)---Carduelis pinus.

{D702} Liebers, D., & V. Dierschke. 1997. Variability of field characters in adult Pontic Yellow-legged Gulls. Dutch Birding 19: 277--280. (Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Univ. Greifswald, Vogelwarte Hiddensee, 18565 Kloster, Germany.)---Variation in wingtip pattern and bare parts coloration in Larus cachinnans cachinnans---G.Sa.

{D702} Lobley, G. R. 1997. White-eyed and Sooty Gulls on the Red Sea coast of Saundi Arabia. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 18--21. (c/o Saudi Aramco, PO Box 6291, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia)---Larus leucophthalmus, Larus hemprichii.

{D702} McGeehan, A., & M. Garner. 1997. Putative Glaucous × Herring gulls. Birding World 10: 276--277. ([Incomplete address given] N. Ireland.)---Asserts identity of the putative Larus hyperboreus × Larus argentatus in Belfast, Jan--Mar 1997.---T.M.B.

{D702} McGeehan, A., & M. Garner. 1997. Glib style, a half truth seen? Birding World 10: 271--274. ([Incomplete address given] N. Ireland.)---Asserts identity of the putative Larus thayeri in Belfast, Mar 1997, with taxonomic notes.---T.M.B.

{D702} McGeehan, A., & R. Millington. 1998. The adult Thayer’s Gull in Donegal. Birding World 11: 102--108. ([Incomplete address given] N. Ireland.)---1^st confirmed adult Larus thayeri in Ireland, found at Killybegs, 22 Feb 1998.---T.M.B.

{D702} Millington, R. 1997. Separation of Black Brant, Dark-bellied Brent Goose and Pale-bellied Brent Goose. Birding World 10: 11--15. (Stonerunner, Coast Road, Cley next the Sea, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7RZ, UK.)---Branta bernicla nigricans, Branta bernicla bernicla, Branta bernicla hrota.

{D702} Millington, R., & M. Garner. 1998. American Herring Gull: in another age. Birding World 11: 109--112. (Stonerunner, Coast Rd., Cley next the Sea, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7RZ, U.K.)---Larus argentatus smithsonianus.

{D702} Newell, D., et al. 1997. South Polar Skua---an overlooked bird in the eastern Atlantic. Birding World 10: 229--235. ([Incomplete address given] Cambridgeshire, UK.)---Identification of Catharacta maccormicki and recent records off Senegal.---T.M.B.

{D702} Oates, J. 1997. Identification of Taiga Bean Goose and Tundra Bean Goose. Birding World 10: 421--426. ([Incomplete address given] Cambridgeshire, UK.)---Anser fabalis fabalis, Anser fabalis serrirostris.

{D702} Olsen, K. M. 1997. Identification of a ‘problem skua’.Birding World 10: 311. ([Incomplete address given] Denmark.)---Separation of advanced 1^st-summer Stercorarius longicaudus from Stercorarius parasiticus.---T.M.B.

{D702} Olsen, K. M. 1997. Identification of Common and Arctic Tern. Alula 3: 68--82. (Gartnerivej 3,1, DK--2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.)---Identification of Sterna hirundo and Sterna paradisaea, color plates by Hans Larsson.---E.H.

{D702} Palmer, P. 1997. The Purple Gallinule in Cumbria---a new British bird? Birding World 10: 463--466. ([Incomplete address given] Nottinghamshire, UK.)---Subspecific identification of the Porphyrio porphyrio at Sandscale Haws National Trust Reserve, 23--28 Oct 1997, as caspius/seistanicus.---T.M.B.

{D702} Pattinson, J. 1997. The identification of a dark juvenile skua. Birding World 10: 432. ([Incomplete address given] Tyneside, UK.)---Separation of dark juvenile Stercorarius longicaudus from Stercorarius parasiticus.---T.M.B.

{D702} Pennington, M. 1997. Siberian Chiffchaffs in Britain. Birding World 10: 153--154. ([Incomplete address given] Shetland, Scotland.)---Separation of Phylloscopus collybita tristis from Phylloscopus collybita abietinus in the UK.---T.M.B.

{D702} Porter, R., et al. 1997. Identification of Cape Verde Shearwater. Birding World 10: 222--228. ([Incomplete address given] Cambridgeshire, UK.)---Identification of Calonectris diomedea edwardsii and recent records off Senegal.---T.M.B.

{D702} Proctor, B., & D. Pullan. 1997. Identification of Velvet and White-winged scoters. Birding World 10: 56--61. ([Incomplete address given] Moray, Scotland.)---Melanitta fusca fusca, Melanitta fusca deglandi, Melanitta fusca stejnegeri.

{D702} Riddington, R., & S. Votier. 1997. Redpolls from Greenland and Iceland. Birding World 10: 147--149. ([Incomplete address given] Fair Isle, Scotland.)---Identification of Carduelis flammea rostrata and Carduelis flammea islandica in the UK.---T.M.B.

{D702} Wallace, I. 1997. More yellow-headed wagtails. Birding World 10: 277. ([Incomplete address given] Staffordshire, UK.)---Problems in identification of Motacilla flava lutea.---T.M.B.

{D704} Baker, K. 1996. Ageing passerines: some practical examples. Birding World 9: 280--282. ([Incomplete address given] Norfolk, UK.)

{D704} Brown, J. L., & N. Bhagabati. 1998. Variation in mass, wing, and culmen with age, sex, and season in the Mexican Jay. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 18--29. (Dept. Biol. Sci., State Univ. New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.)---Male Aphelocoma ultramarina are heavier than females, with mass declining from winter to summer, but increasing over the first two years in each sex. Male wings are longer with wing chords increasing with age, and male culmens are longer but only in summer.---R.A.I.

{D704} Garner, M., & A. McGeehan. 1998. Identification of juvenile and first-winter Thayer’s Gull. Birding World 11: 94--101. ([Incomplete address given] N. Ireland.)---Larus thayeri.

{D704} Hedd, A., R. Gales, & N. Brothers. 1998. Reliability of morphometric measures for determining the sex of adult and fledgling Shy Albatrosses, Diomedea cauta cauta, in Australia. Wildl. Res. 25: 69--79. (Zool. Dept., Univ. Tasmania, G.P.O. Box 252, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.)

{D704} King, J. R., & J. L. Muddeman. 1995. Ageing and sexing Marsh Tits Parus palustris. Ringing Migr. 16: 172--177. (EGI, Dept. Zool., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)--Iris colour and primary covert shape serve for ageing and wing length for sexing.---P.C.L.

{D704} Martin, A. 1996. The use of primary abrasion in ageing Siskins Carduelis spinus. Ringing Migr. 17: 33--35. (Orchard Ho., 44 Chertsey Rd., Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6EP, UK.)---96% aged by wear of primaries.---P.C.L.

{D704} McGowan, R. Y., & B. Zonfrillo. 1995. Pitfalls in sexing Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla on head + bill length. Ringing Migr. 16: 124--126. (Dept. Nat. Hist., Royal Mus. Scotland, Chambers St., Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK.)---Discriminant function of Coulson et al. (Ibis 125:549-557) inapplicable away from original colony.---P.C.L.

{D704} Oosterveld, E. 1995. [Male and female Redshanks Tringa tringa totanus are distinguishable in the field.] Limosa 68: 79--80. (Topweer 7, 9875 VD Opende, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{D704} Palomares, L. E., et al. 1997. Sex-and age-related biometric variation of Black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus in western European populations. Bird Study 44: 310--317. (Arroyo, B. E., EGI, Dept. Zool., South Pks. Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Head-and-bill length and bill depth were best discriminant variables.---D.W.

{D704} Preston, M. 1997. Ageing of scarce and rare passerines. Birding World 10: 431--432. ([Incomplete address given] Norfolk, UK.)---Cautions field ageing of rare passerines as 1^st-winters.---T.M.B.

{D704} Pyle, P. 1997. First year Slaty-backed Gull. Birders J. 6: 251. (4990 Shoreline Hwy., Farallon Is., c/o PRBO Stinson Beach, CA 94970, USA.)---Identification of Larus schistisagus.---A.L.L.

{D704} Shepherd, K. 1996. Ageing passerines. Birding World 9: 321. ([Incomplete address given] Norfolk, UK.)---Post-juvenile moult is more extensive in Nearctic than Palearctic passerines.---T.M.B.

{D704} Skakuj, M., et al. 1997. The second calendar year plumage of Crab Plover Dromas ardeola. Sandgrouse 19 (1): 63--64. (Dept. Vert. Ecol. Zool., Gdansk Univ., Al. Legionow 9, PL-80-441 Gdansk, Poland.)

{D704} Svensson, L. 1996. Ageing Yellowhammers Emberiza citrinella. Ringing Migr. 17: 122. (Sturegatan 60, S--114 36 Stockholm, Sweden.)---Norman's (Ringing Migr. 13: 117--119) method no more reliable than shape of tail feathers.---P.C.L.

{D704} van den Bossche, W., & G. Jadoul. 1998. Ageing of White Stork and Black Stork. Birding World 11: 195--199. ([Incomplete address given] Belgium.)---Ciconia ciconia, Ciconia nigra.

{D704} Votier, S. 1997. Ageing of Collared Pratincoles. Birding World 10: 460. ([Incomplete address given] Norfolk, UK.)---Glareola pratincola.

{D704} Yanega, G. M., P. Pyle, & G. R. Geupel. 1997. The timing and reliability of bill corrugations for aging hummingbirds. West. Birds 28: 13--18. (PRBO, 4990 Shoreline Hwy., Stinson Beach, CA 94970, USA.)---After first prebasic molt, at least a small proportion of young Calypte anna and Selasphorus rufus can be reliably distinguished from adults with this bill characteristic.---K.C.M.

{D704} Zwarts, L., et al. 1996. Discriminating the sex of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus. Ardea 84 A: 1--12. (Rijkswaterstaat IJsselmeergebied, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Best segregation between sexes by bill length, bill depth, and shape of bill.---R.G.B.

{D900} Clark, J. A., et al. 1996. Report on bird ringing in Britain and Ireland for 1994. Ringing Migr. 17: 36--79. (BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford IP24 2PU, UK.)

{D900} Dunn, E. H. 1995. The Canadian migration monitoring network. Ring 17: 31--37. (Can. Widl. Serv. Natl. Wildl. Res. Ctr., 100 Gamelin Blvd., Hull, PQ, K1A 0H3, Can.)---Monitors species nesting north of human populated areas; long term trends consistent with results of Breeding Bird Survey.---J.P.

{D900} Hampton, S. 1997. Rare migrants in California: the determinants of their frequency. West. Birds 28: 30--42. (19-D Solano Park, Davis, CA 95616, USA.)---Uses regression model to explain autumn vagrancy of migrant eastern passerines and woodpeckers in California.---K.C.M.

{D900} Mead, C. J., J. A. Clark, & W. J. Peach. 1995. Report on bird ringing in Britain and Ireland for 1993. Ringing Migr. 16: 16--64. (BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK.)

{D900} Resch, M. 1997. Summary of the 1996 North American Migration Count [NAMC]: portrait of a fallout. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 25: 5--14. (c/o BOEM. P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02174, USA.)---NAMC is a national May bird count held annually since 1992 with >7000 participants in 1996.---W.E.D.

{D900} Skadsen, D. 1996. Skadsen 1992--1995 banding report: recapture/recoveries for redpolls, siskins, and juncos. S. Dakota Bird Notes 48: 56--59. (RR 113, Grenville, SD 67239, USA.)---Carduelis flammea from Quebec recaptured in S. Dakota and birds banded in S. Dakota recovered in Wisconsin and Quebec; Carduelis pinus banded in S. Dakota recovered in Minnesota; Junco hyemalis banded in S. Dakota recovered in Wisconsin.---R.B.C.

{D902} Bruderer, B., S. Blitzblau, & D. Peter. 1994. Migration and flight behaviour of Honey Buzzards Pernis apivorus in Southern Israel observed by radar. Ardea 82: 111--122. (Swiss Ornithol. Inst., CH--6204 Sempach, Switzerland.)---Use different flight types to compensate for unfavorable local or temporal conditions.---R.G.B.

{D902} Chan, K. 1995. Take-off behaviour and effects of weather on the migration of the Silvereye (Zosterops lateralis). Ring 17: 77--90. (Dept. Biol., Central Queensland Univ., Rockhampton, Qld. 4702, Australia.)---Weather conditions serve as concurrent proximate and ultimate mechanism for migration.---J.P.

{D902} Culik, B. M., & G. Luna-Jorquera. 1997. The Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus humboldti a migratory bird? J. Ornithol. 138: 325--330. (Inst. f. Meereskunde a.d. Univ. Kiel, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, D--24105 Kiel, Germany.)---One bird was tracked for a distance of 640 km from colony.---P.H.B.

{D902} Fransson, T. 1998. A feeding experiment on migratory fuelling in Whitethroats, Sylvia communis. Anim. Behav. 55: 153--162. (Swedish Mus. Nat. Hist., Box 50007, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.)

{D902} Geering, D. J., et al. 1998. Movement patterns of Great, Intermediate and Little Egrets from Australian breeding colonies. Corella 22: 37--46. (Dept. Nat. Resour. Environ., P.O. Box 500, E. Melbourne, Vic. 3002, Australia).---Egretta alba, Egretta intermedia and Egretta garzetta juveniles move away from natal colony soon after fledging and also undertake long distance movements, the direction of which may depend on location of natal colony.---I.D.E.

{D902} Gyurácz, J., & J. Puskás. 1996. The effect of cold weather fronts on the migration activity of the Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) in Hungary. Ornis Hungarica 6: 43--45. (Berzsenyi Coll., Szombathely, Károlyi G. tér 4, H-9071, Hungary.)---Cold weather influences migration activity.---T.S.

{D902} Jukema, J., & U. Rijpma. 1993. [Leap-frog migration of Dutch White Wagtails Motacilla alba.] Limosa 66: 125--126. (Haerdawei 44, 8854 AC Osterbierum, Netherlands.)---Frisian White Wagtails winter further south than southern Dutch birds. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{D902} Leshem, Y., & Y. Yom-Tov. 1996. The use of thermals by soaring migrants. Ibis 138: 667--674. (Dept. Zool., Tel Aviv Univ., Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.)---Pelecanus onocrotalus, Ciconia ciconia, Aquila pomarina and Pernis apivorus.

{D902} Liechti, F., D. Ehrich, & B. Bruderer. 1996. Flight behaviour of White Storks Ciconia ciconia on their migration over southern Israel. Ardea 84: 3--13. (Swiss Ornithol. Inst., CH--6204 Sempach, Switzerland.)---Less adapted to vertical and horizontal winds than raptors, but apparently compensate by migrating in flocks.---R.G.B.

{D902} Spaar, R. 1996. Flight behaviour of migrating raptors in southern Israel. Ph.D. dissert., Univ. Basel. (Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach, CH--6204 Sempach, Switzerland.)---Habits of migrating raptors with respect to inter- and intraspecific variation in flight behavior and flight parameters such as body mass, wing morphology, environmental conditions and thermal activity.---L.B.

{D902} Thompson, J. L.. 1998. Interseasonal changes in shorebird habitat specialisation in Moreton Bay, Australia. Emu 98: 117--126. (Zool. Dept., Univ. Qld., St Lucia, Qld. 4067, Australia.)---Results support prediction that shorebirds are more concentrated within preferred habitat during northward migration than in southward migration.---W.K.S.

{D902} Varga, L., et al. 1996. [First results of ringing Mediterranean Gulls in Hungary and Vojvodina.] Túczok 1: 116--123. (Hungarian Ornithol. Nature Conserv. Soc., Budapest, Köalto u. 21, H-1121, Hungary.)---Larus melanocephalus ringed in Hungary and Vojvodina were recovered on the Atlantic coast. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{D902} Weller, A. A. 1995. Attraction of migrating Blackcaps, Sylvia atricapilla, to conspecific song in spring. Gerfaut 85: 95--98. {Z. F. M. K., Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany.)

{D902} Yésou, P. 1995. Individual migration strategies in Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo passing through or wintering in western France. Ardea 83 (1): 267--274. (Off. Nat. Chasse, 53 Rue Russeil, F--44000 Nantes, France.)---Short-stayers not site-faithful, contrary to long-stayers.---R.G.B.

{D904} Aalto, P., et al. 1995. Autumn migration of the Willow Tit (Parus montanus). Ring 17: 5--11. (Tauvo Bird Obs., Univ. Oulu, Yliopistokatu 10 B 110, FIN--90570 Oulu, Finland.)---From studies at 6 observatories in Finland, Poland and Estonia.---J.P.

{D904} Báldi, A. 1996. [Effects of the severe winter of 1995/96 on the spring migration of passerine birds at Kis-Balaton.] Túczok 1: 128--129. (Hungarian Nat. Mus., Budapest, Baross u. 13, H-1088, Hungary.)---Songbird abundance differed between 1994 and 1996. (Hungarian, Engl. summ.)---T.S.

{D904} Berthold, P., et al. 1997. [Satellite-tracking of the annual migration of a White Stork Ciconia ciconia and discussion of the orientation mechanisms of homeward migration.] J. Ornithol. 138: 229--233. (Max-Planck-Inst. f. Verhaltensphysiol., Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Schloss Moeggingen, Schlossallee 2, D--78315 Radolfzell, Germany.)---Female’s complete autumn and homeward migration tracked. (German, Engl. summ.)---P.H.B.

{D904} Berthold, P., et al. 1997. [Satellite-tracking of White Storks: migration of an eastern individual westward as far as Nigeria.] J. Ornithol. 138: 331--334. (Max-Planck-Inst. f. Verhaltensphys., Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Schloss Moeggingen, Schlossallee 2, D--78315 Radolfzell, Germany.)---Ciconia ciconia tracked for about 10,000 km. (German, English summ.)---P.H.B.

{D904} Bowler, J. 1996. Satellite swans: tracking migrating birds. Birding World 9: 365--367. ([Incomplete address given] WWT, Gloucestershire, UK.)---Satellite tracking of Cygnus cygnus and Cygnus columbianus since Jul 1994.---T.M.B.

{D904} Bregnballe, T., M. Federikson, & J. Gregersen. 1997. Seasonal distribution and timing of migration of Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis breeding in Denmark. Bird Study 44: 257--276. (Natl. Environ. Res. Inst., Dept. Coastal Zone Ecol., Grenavej 12, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark.)---Majority spend winter in Mediterranean France, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Algeria and especially Tunisia. Adults winter farther north than 1^st-years and males stay nearer breeding areas than females.---D.W.

{D904} Chew, H. H., & S. Supari. 1996. Spectacular movements of hornbills, possibly Plain-pouched Hornbills Aceros subruficollis, in Peninsular Malaysia. Orient. Bird Club Bull. 25: 59--61. (11 Marigold Dr., Singapore 2057.)---Flights of hundreds of birds at Tasak Kenering (Aug 1992, Sep 1992, Sep 1994) and thousands of birds at Tasak Temenggor (Nov 1993, Aug 1994).---T.M.B.

{D904} Dougall, T. W. 1996. Timing of autumn migration of Pied Wagtails Motacilla alba yarrellii, in northern Britain. Ringing Migr. 17: 139--141. (62 Leamington Terr., Edinburgh EH10 4JL, UK.)

{D904} Gill, J. A., et al. 1995. Sex differences in the migration, moult and wintering areas of British ringed Ruff. Ringing Migr. 16: 159--167. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. East Anglia, Norwich NR4, 7JT, UK.)---Female Philomachus pugnax winter in Africa, males in Europe. Males moult earlier and faster.---P.C.L.

{D904} Jenni, L., et al. 1991. [Migration of White Storks Ciconia ciconia reintroduced in Switzerland compared with that of western European and northern African populations.] Ornithol. Beob. 88:287--319. (Schweiz. Vogelwarte, CH--6204 Sempach, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.)

{D904} Jukema, J., K. Terpstra, & U. Rijpma. 1995. [Massive passage of Siskins Carduelis spinus on the Frisian islands in autumn 1993.] Limosa 68: 103--106. (Haerdawei 44, 8854 AC Oosterbierum, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{D904} Leshem, Y., & Y. Yom-Tov. 1996. The magnitude and timing of migration by soaring raptors, pelicans and storks over Israel. Ibis 138: 188--203. (Soc. Prot. Nat. Israel, 4 HaShfela St., Tel Aviv 66183, Israel.)---In 35 species of raptors, Pelecanus onocrotalus, and Ciconia ciconia.---J.V.B.

{D904} Matérac, J. P., P. Charvoz, & M. Marie. 1997. [Autumn migration in 1994 and 1995 at the Fort de l'Ecluse site near Geneva, French departments of Haute-Savoie and Ain.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 61--66. (Résidence le Salève, F--74350 Vovray en Bornes, France.)---21,918 raptors in 1994; 24,505 in 1995. Reduction in Columba palumbus. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{D904} McClelland, B. R., et al. 1994. Migration ecology of Bald Eagles from autumn concentrations in Glacier National Park, Montana. Wildl. Monogr. 125: 1--61. (P.O. Box 366, W. Glacier, MT 59936, USA.)---Haliaeetus leucocephalus; migration, distribution, habitat fidelity, effects of tagging, mortality, and foraging activity.---R.H.D.

{D904} Meyburg, B. U., C. Meyburg, & C. Pacteau. 1996. [Autumn migration of a Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus tracked by satellite.] Alauda 64: 339--344. (Wangenheimstr. 32, D--14193 Berlin, Germany.)---4,045 km from 3 September to 6 October. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{D904} Minton, C. D. T. 1998. Migratory movements of Curlew Sandpipers Calidris ferruginea that spend the non-breeding season in Australia. Stilt 32: 28--40. (165 Dalgetty Rd., Beaumaris, Vic. 3193, Australia.)---Band recoveries and leg flag sightings allow definition of principal migration routes, stopover regions and timing. Some birds may return from the breeding grounds on a more westerly route than on the northward journey.---I.D.E.

{D904} Nisbet, I. C. T., & D. Cabot. 1995. Transatlantic recovery of a ringed Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii. Ringing Migr. 16: 14--15. (150 Alder Ln., North Falmouth, MA 02556, USA.)

{D904} Nisbet, I. C. T., & C. Safina. 1996. Transatlantic recoveries of ringed Common Terns Sterna hirundo. Ringing Migr. 17: 28--30. (150 Alder Lane, North Falmouth, MA 02556, USA.)---Report 7 recoveries from New to Old World.---P.C.L.

{D904} Olioso, G. 1996. [Post-breeding passage of Garden Warbler Sylvia borin at Grignan.] Alauda 64: 397--404. (Ctr. Régional de Baguage "Provence," le Mail, F--26230 Grignan, France.)

{D904} Pakkala, H., et al. 1995. The migratory movements of the Crested Tit (Parus cristatus): a monitoring aspect. Ring 17: 38--45. (Tauvo Bird Obs., Univ. Oulu, Kirkkokatu 12 A, FIN--06100 Porvoo, Finland.)---From 1967 to 1994.---J.P.

{D904} Persson, H. 1994. [Autumn migration in the Greylag Goose Anser anser; non-stop flight from The Netherlands to Coto de Doñana?] Limosa 67: 79--80. (Ekologihuset, S--223 62 Lund, Sweden.)---Timed flocks in Belgium and Spain suggest non-stop flight in autumn 1991. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{D904} Reymond, A., & O. Zuchuat. 1995. Axial migration routes in Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo passing through or wintering in Switzerland. Ardea 83 (1): 275--280. (Swiss Inst. Exp. Cancer Res., CH--1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.)---Based on sightings of color rings, Danish (and Dutch) birds predominate in winter.---R.G.B.

{D904} Riddington, R. 1996. The Paddyfield Warbler on Fair Isle. Birding World 9: 388--389. ([Incomplete address given] Fair Isle Bird Observatory, Shetland, UK.)---A 1^st-winter Acrocephalus agricola mist-netted 19 Sep 1996, bore a Lithuanian ring, suggesting exact reverse migration from breeding range in Central Asia.---T.M.B.

{D904} Riddington, R., & J. Reid. 1997. Classic Fair Isle: September 1997. Birding World 10: 387--389. ([Incomplete address given] Fair Isle, Shetland, Scotland.)---Scarce migrants at Fair Isle Bird Observatory, Sep 1997.---T.M.B.

{D904} Spaepen, J. 1995. A study of the migration of the Skylark, Alauda arvensis, based on European ringing data. Gerfaut 85: 63--89. (Geelsebaan 45, B-2470 Retie, Belgium.)

{D904} Summers, P. W., L. G. Underhill, & R. P. Prys-Jones. 1995. Why do young waders in southern Africa delay their first return migration to the breeding grounds? Ardea 83: 351--357. (Nat. Hist. Mus., Akeman St., Tring, Herts, UK.)---Delayed migration related to risk of migration, but modified by longevity.---R.G.B.

{D904} Swann, R. L., & B. Etheridge. 1996. Movements of waders to and from the Moray Firth. Ringing Migr. 17: 111--121. (14 St.Vincent Rd., Tain, Ross-shire IV19 1JR, UK.)---Holds many species but fewer individuals of continental breeding populations than other British estuaries.---P.C.L.

{D904} Swanson, D. 1996. Out-of-state banding recoveries for Dark-eyed Junco and Orange-crowned Warbler. S. Dakota Bird Notes 48: 35--37. (Box 605, Clear Lake, SD 57226, USA.)---Junco hyemalis banded in S. Dakota and recovered in Alberta, Canada; Vermivora celata banded in Alaska and recovered in S. Dakota.---R.B.C.

{D904} Toffoli, R., & C. Bellone. 1996. [Autumn migration of raptors in the Maritimes Alps (Italy).] Avocetta 20: 7--11. (Via Tetto Montello 32, 12011 Borgo S. Dalmazzo (CN), Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.)

{D904} Tombeur, F. L. L. 1994. [Strong autumn migration of Marsh Harriers Circus aeruginosus.] Limosa 67: 110--111. (P.O. Box 616, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{D904} Tulp I., S. McChesney, & P. De Goeij. 1994. Migratory departures of waders from North-western Australia: behaviour, timing and possible migration routes. Ardea 82: 201--221. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Small waders may migrate via island hopping, larger ones take direct great circle flight to China.---R.G.B.

{D904} Voslamber, B., et al. 1993. [Migration of different populations of Greylag Geese Anser anser through The Netherlands: differences in area preference and timing in 1988.] Limosa 66: 89--96. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{D904} Whitfield, D. P., et al. 1996. Recoveries of Scottish-ringed Dotterel Charadrius morinellus in the non-breeding season: evidence for seasonal shifts in wintering distribution. Ringing Migr. 17: 105--110. (Scottish Natural Heritage, 2 Anderson Place, Edinburgh EH6 5NP, UK.)---Most winter in Morocco and probably go to and fro in one step.---P.C.L.

{D904} Wiles, G. J. 1998. A sighting of a leg-flagged Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes on Guam, Mariana Islands. Stilt 32: 41. (Div. Aquatic Wildl. Resour., 192 Dairy Rd., Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA.)---Bird tagged in Japan on southward migration.---I.D.E.

{D904} Wilson, J. R., & M. A. Barter. 1998. Identification of potentially important staging areas for ‘Long Jump’ migrant waders in the East Asian-Australasian flyway during northward migration. Stilt 32: 16--27. (13/27 Giles St., Kingston, ACT 2604, Australia.)---Population estimates, departure and arrival times, sightings and band recoveries for Calidris tenuirostris, Calidris canutus and Limosa lapponica indicate a 3-4 week period when the species are missing. They are probably feeding on northern Yellow Sea mudflats.---I.D.E.

{D906} Barter, M. A., & C. D. T.Minton. 1998. Can pre-migratory weight gain rates be used to predict departure weights of individual waders from North-western Australia? Stilt 32: 5--15. (21 Chivalry Ave., Glen Waverley, Vic. 3150, Australia.)---Asynchronous migration, weight variability and post-release weight loss limit extrapolation techniques for same-year and different-year re-traps. Recommends studies on effect of bunching in roosting flocks, weight loss following capture and measures of migration preparedness.---I.D.E.

{D906} Battley, P. F., & T. Piersma. 1997. Body composition of Lesser Knots (Calidris canutus rogersi) preparing to take off on migration from northern New Zealand. Notornis 44: 137--150. (Dept. Ecology, Massey Univ., Priv. Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.)---10 adults and 5 juveniles analysed for body mass, fat, water, muscle, organs and feathers. Compared with the European-wintering Calidris canutus islandica, they had smaller organs but larger salt glands.---E.O.M.

{D906} Cadée, N., T. Piersma, & S. Daan. 1996. Endogenous circannual rhythmicity in a non-passerine migrant, the Knot Calidris canutus. Ardea 84: 75--84. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)

{D906} Cherubini, G., L. Serra, & N. Baccetti. 1996. Primary moult, body mass and moult migration of Little Tern Sterna albifrons in NE Italy. Ardea 84: 99--114. (Inst. Naz. Fauna Selvatica, via Ca’Fornacetta 9, I--40064 Ozzano Emilia BO, Italy.)

{D906} Gorney, A., & Y. Yom-Tov. 1994. Fat, hydration condition, and moult of Steppe Buzzards Buteo buteo vulpinus on spring migration. Ibis 136: 185--192. (Biol. Sci. Dept., Univ. California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.)---Differs between age groups.---J.V.B.

{D906} Sandberg, R. 1996. Fat reserves of migrating passerines at arrival on the breeding grounds in Swedish Lapland. Ibis 138: 514--524. (Dept. Ecol., Univ. Lund, Ecol. Bldg., S--223 62 Lund, Sweden.)---Long-distance migrants arrive with significantly larger mean fat reserves than medium- and short-distance migrants.---J.V.B.

{D906} Scebba, S., & G. Moschetti. 1996. Migration pattern and weight changes of Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola in a stopover site in southern Italy. Ringing Migr. 17: 101--104. (Gruppo Inanellamento Limicoli, c/o Via Posillipo 276/2, 80123 Naples, Italy.)---Results of 408 birds ringed.---P.C.L.

{D906} Van Nieuwenhuyse, D. 1996. [Propositions for the conservation of the Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio.] Alauda 64: 45--55. ("Het Speihuis" Speistraat 17, B--9550 Sint-Lievens-Esse (Herzele), Belgium.)---15-yr study in 6 different habitats. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{D908} Helbig, A. J. 1991. SE- and SW-migrating Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) populations in central Europe: orientation of birds in the contact zone. J. Evol. Biol. 4: 657--670. (Max-Planck-Inst. Verhaltensphysiologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, D-7760 Möggingen, Germany.)---Subpopulation near Linz, Austria differs from neighboring western and eastern populations with respect to migratory direction, ostensibly evolving within the last 30 years.---W.E.T.

{D908} Ioalè, P. 1996. The preferred compass directions of homing pigeons can be affected by suitable screening of the home loft. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 8: 233--254. (Dept. Sci. Comportamento Anim. Uomo, Univ. Pisa, Via A. Volta 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.)---Winds influence initial orientation.---A.S.

{D908} Mouritsen, H. 1998. Redstarts, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, can orient in a true-zero magnetic field. Anim. Behav. 55: 1311--1324. (Inst. Biol., Odense Univ., Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.)

{E100} Dawson, A. 1994. The effects of daylength and testosterone on the initiation and progress of moult in Starlings Sturnus vulgaris. Ibis 136: 335--340. (NERC Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE17 2LS, UK.)

{E100} Marks, J. S., & L. G. Underhill. 1994. Moult, migration and mass of a handicapped Bristle-thighed Curlew Numenius tahitiensis. Ardea 82: 153--156. (Div. Biol. Sci., Univ. Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.)

{E101} Badgley, D. 1996. Albino Cedar Waxwing in Oakland Co. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 3: 235. (E.L. Johnson Nat. Ctr., 3325 Franklin Rd., Bloomfield Hills, MI 48302, USA.)---Bombycilla cedrorum.

{E101} Clark, W. S. 1998. First North American record of a melanistic Osprey. Wilson Bull. 110: 289--290. (7800 Dassett Ct., Apt. 101, Annandale, VA 20003, USA; EM: raptours@erols.com)---Pandion haliaetus.

{E101} Craves, J. A. 1997. Extreme leucism in a Yellow-rumped Warbler. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 4: 199--200. (Univ. Mich.-Dearborn, Nat. Areas Dept., Dearborn, MI 48128, USA.)---Dendroica coronata coronata.

{E101} Crewe, M. 1998. The Scilly Starling. Birding World 11: 113. ([Incomplete address given] Norfolk, U.K.)---Possible explanations for abnormal plumage in Sturnus vulgaris.---T.M.B.

{E101} Dubois, P. 1996. Yellow Common Rosefinches. Birding World 9: 277. ([Incomplete address given] Nanterre, France.)---A xanthistic Carpodacus erythrinus at Les Rousses, Jura, France, 13 Jul 1993.---T.M.B.

{E101} Elkins, N. 1997. Unusual head pattern of drake Wigeon. Scott. Bird News 46: 12. [No address given.]---Anas penelope, extensive green patch.---P.J.C.

{E101} Forshaw, J. M. 1997. An xanthochroistic Black-Cockatoo. Eclectus 2: 47. (P.O. Box 84, Wauchope, NSW 2446, Australia.)---Calyptorhynchus funereus.

{E101} Keijl, G. O., & T. G. Prins. 1997. [Find of extremely pale Great Skua at Grevelingenmeer.] Dutch Birding 19: 284--286. (Inst. Syst. Pop. Biol., Zool. Mus., Univ. Amsterdam, PO Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands.)---Identification pitfalls of extremely pale Catharacta skua. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---G.Sa

{E101} Kielb, M. A. 1996. Nearly complete albino House Finch. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 3: 234. (1731 Hatcher Crescent, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.)---Carpodacus mexicanus.

{E101} Normaja, J. 1997. Aberrant Common Starling in Finland in August 1991. Dutch Birding 19: 236. (V'8ah'8a H'8ameenkatu 5 B 26, 20500 Turku, Finland.)---Pale Sturnus vulgaris.---G.Sa.

{E101} Proctor, B. 1997. Wing-barred crossbills. Birding World 10: 152. ([Incomplete address given] Moray, Scotland.)---Median covert pattern of wing-barred Loxia curvirostra.---T.M.B.

{E101} Schipper, R., & J. Granlund. 1996. Albino Red-tailed Hawk in Berrien Co. MI. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 3: 233. (2275 S. 4^th St., Kalamazoo, MI 49009, USA.)---Buteo jamaicensis.

{E101} Scott, M. 1996. A yellow Common Rosefinch. Birding World 9: 196. ([Incomplete address given] Tayside, UK.)---A xanthistic Carpodacus erythrinus on Mount Aragatz, Armenia, Jun 1995.---T.M.B.

{E101} Stout, B. 1996. Albinistic Cliff Swallow in Chippewa Co. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 3: 234--235. (Dept. Zool., N. Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105, USA.)---Petrochelidon pyrrhonota.

{E102} Prinzinger, R., & G.A. Hakimi. 1997. [The influence of moulting on blood parameters in the Starling Sturnus vulgaris.] J. Ornithol. 138: 233--234. (Joh. W. Goethe-Univ., Zool. Inst., AK Stoffwechselphysiol., Siesmayerstr. 70, D--60323 Frankfurt, Germany.)---Increased plasma glucose levels. (German, Engl. summ.)---P.H.B.

{E104} Chikilian, M., M. G. Celaya, & N. Bee de Speroni. 1994. Morfohistología y citoquímica comparada del tracto digestivo en tres especies de aves (Emberizidae). [Histology and cytochemistry of digestive tracts of three bird species.] Rev. Asoc. Cienc. Nat. Litoral 25: 35--48. (Cátedra de Anatomía Comparada, Fac. de Cienc. Exactas, Físicas y Naturales [U.N. Cba.], Vélez Sarsfield 299-5000 Córdoba, Argentina.)---Zonotrichia capensis, Saltator aurantiirostris and Sicalis flaveola have similar digestive tracts, perhaps owing to parallel evolution.---C.G.S.

{E104} De Carlos de Ara, E. B., et al. 1988. Anatomía macroscópica e histológica del tubo digestivo Egretta alba egretta (Gmelin, 1789) y Egretta thula thula (Molina, 1782). (Aves: Ardeidae) Estudio Comparado. [Comparative study of digestive tracts of Egretta alba egretta and Egretta thula thula.] Rev. Asoc. Cienc. Nat. Litoral 19(2): 143--154. (Catedra de Biología, Fac. de Bioingeniería Univ. Nac. de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Dept. Diamante. Entre Ríos, Argentina.)---Similar pattern.---C.G.S.

{E104} Menin, E., R. David, & G. Torres M. 1990. Anatomia funcional do tubo digestivo de Coragyps atratus brasiliensis Bonaparte, 1850 (Falconiformes, Cathartidae). [Functional anatomy of the digestive tract in the Black Vulture.] Revista Ceres 37 (213): 398--420. (Depto. Biol. animal UFV 36570 Vicosa, MG, Brazil.)---Modifications related to eating carrion.---C.G.S.

{E104} Morato D., M., & G. Bohorquez M. 1994. Aspectos morfológicos do intestino delgado e pancreas de sete especies de Tinamidae (Aves, Tinamiformes). [Morphology of intestine and pancreas in seven tinamou species.] Iheringia Ser. Zool. 76: 21--28. (Depto. Morfologia, Inst. de Cienc. Biol., Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais C.P. 2486, Brazil.)---Anatomy and histology.---C.G.S.

{E104} Varangot, L., & E. Galliussi. 1990. Estudio anatomico-histológico del tracto digestivo de Fulica armillata (Vieillot, 1817) (Aves; Gruiformes, Rallidae). [Anatomy and histology of the digestive tract in Fulica armillata.] Iheringia Ser. Zool. 70: 93--108. (Dept. de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Univ. de Buenos Aires. Pabellón no. 2, 4o. piso Cd. Univ., 1428 Nuñez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.).---Red-gartered Coot.---C.G.S.

{E104} Zwarts, L., et al. 1996. Why Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus cannot meet their daily energy requirements in a single low water period. Ardea 84 A: 269--290. (Rijkswaterstaat IJsselmeergebied, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Because of digestive bottleneck.---R.G.B.

{E106} Nuñez H., & J. Yañez. 1989. Ontogenia temprana de Pygoscelis papua (Foster) en isla Ardley: parámetros biológicos y aspectos conductuales (Sphenisciformes: Spheniscidae). [Early ontogeny of Pygoscelis papua in Ardley Island {Chile}.] Ser. Cient. Inst. Ant. Chileno 39: 159-165. (Sección de Zoología Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile).

{E108} Enstrom, D. A., E. D. Ketterson, & V. Nolan, Jr. 1997. Testosterone and mate choice in the Dark-eyed Junco. Anim. Behav. 54: 1135--1146. (Ctr. for Biodiversity, Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv., Champaign, IL 61820, USA.)---Female Junco hyemalis preferred males with peak testosterone levels.---A.K.T.

{E108} Fusani, L., et al. 1997. Sexually selected vigilance behaviour of the Grey Partridge is affected by plasma androgen levels. Anim. Behav. 54: 1013--1018. (L. beani, Dept. Anim. Biol. Genet., Univ. Florence, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy.)---Hormone-treated male Perdix perdix were more vigilant.---A.K.T.

{E108} Hunt, K. E., T. P. Hahn, & J. C. Wingfield. 1997. Testosterone implants increase song but not aggression in male Lapland Longspurs. Anim. Behav. 54: 1177--1192. (Dept. Zool., Box 351800, Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.)---Calcarius lapponicus.

{E108} Johnsen, T. S. 1998. Behavioural correlates of testosterone and seasonal changes of steroids in Red-winged Blackbirds. Anim. Behav. 55: 957--965. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Calif., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.)---Aggression and responses to females correlated with plasma testosterone levels in free-living Agelaius phoeniceus.---A.K.T.

{E108} Ketterson, E. D., et al. 1996. Phenotypic engineering: using hormones to explore the mechanistic and functional bases of phenotypic variation in nature. Ibis 138: 70--86. (Dept. Biol. & Ctr. Integrative Study Anim. Beh., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.)---Summary of studies manipulating male hormone levels in Junco hyemalis.---J.V.B.

{E108} McQueen, S. M., L. S. Davis, & G. Young. 1998. The reproductive endocrinology of Fiordland Crested Penguins Eudyptes pachyrhynchus. Emu 98: 127--131. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.)---Plasma concentrations of progesterone, 17"-hydroxyprogesterone, oestradiol and testosterone were measured at different stages from courtship to late in the incubation period.---W.K.S.

{E108} Redins, C. A. 1992. O órgano pineal das aves. [The pineal organ in birds.] Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi ser. Zool. 8: 19--32. (Dept. de Morfologia, Centro Biomédico, Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo, Vítoria, ES, Brazil.)---Morphological study in tinamous.---C.G.S.

{E108} Silverin, B. 1998. Behavioural and hormonal responses of the Pied Flycatcher to environmental stressors. Anim. Behav. 55: 1411--1420. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Göteborg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.)---Ficedula hypoleuca.

{E108} Sorenson, L. G., et al. 1997. Hormonal dynamics during mate choice in the Northern Pintail: a test of the challenge hypothesis. Anim. Behav. 54: 1117--1133. (Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA.)---Elevated corticosterone levels were associated with increased aggression in Anas acuta.---A.K.T.

{E110} Nehls, G. 1996. Low costs of salt turnover in Common Eiders Somateria mollissima. Ardea 84: 23--30. (Forsch. Technol. Zentrum Westküste, Univ. Kiel, Hafentörn, D%25761 Büsum, Germany.)---Capacity for salt excretion may limit rate of food intake when feeding on whole-shelled bivalves in times of high food demand and low flesh contents of bivalves.---R.G.B.

{E112} Silver, R., X. Zhuang, & A.-J. Silverman. 1996. Immunocompetence, mast cells and sexual behaviour. Ibis 138: 101--111. (Barnard Coll. Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027, USA.)---After a brief period of courtship, mast cells of immune system appear in brain of Streptopelia roseogrisea.---J.V.B.

{E114} Craig, A. J. F. K. 1996. The annual cycle of wing-moult and breeding in the Wattled Starling Creatophora cinerea. Ibis 138: 448--454. (Dept. Zool., Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.)---From museum data and published literature.---J.V.B.

{E114} Dirk, de M. 1996. Partial remige [sic] moult in first-year Bluethroats, Luscinia svecica cyanecula, in Belgium. Ringing Migr. 17: 137--138. (Sterrestr. 281/2, B--9160 Lokeren, Belgium.)

{E114} Figuerola, J., & A. Bertolero. 1995. The primary moult of Curlew Sandpiper in the Ebro Delta, north-east Spain. Ringing Migr. 16: 168--171. (Dept. Biol. Anim., Fac. de Biol., Univ. Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, E--08028 Barcelona, Spain.)---Moult in Calidris feruginea lasts 73 days.---P.C.L.

{E114} Gargallo, G. 1995. Remoult of tertials during post-juvenile and post-nuptial moult in Sardinian Warblers (Sylvia melanocephala). Ringing Migr. 16: 190--192. (GCA, Mus., de Zool., Apt. 593, 08080 Barcelona, Spain.)

{E114} Gargallo, G. 1995. Interrupted moult of some passerine birds in southern Europe. Ringing Migr. 16: 117--120. (GCA, Mus. de Zool., Apt.593, 08080 Barcelona, Spain.)---Phylloscopus bonelli, Carduelis spinus, Ficedula hypoleuca, Sylvia atricapilla, Sylvia cantillans moltonii.

{E114} Gargallo, G., & O. Clarabuch. 1995. Extensive moult and ageing in six species of passerines. Ringing Migr. 16: 178--189. (Mus. Zool., Apt.593, 08080 Barcelona, Spain.)---Post-juvenal moult in Phylloscopus collybita, Serinus serinus, Carduelis chloris, Carduelis carduelis, Carduelis cannabina and prealternate moult of Lanius senator.---P.C.L.

{E114} Harris, P. 1995. Yellow-browed Warbler with renewed rectrices. Ringing Migr. 16: 127. (A Rocha, Mexilhoeira Grande, 8500 Portimao, Portugal.)---Phylloscopus inornatus inornatus.

{E114} Hedenström, A. 1998. The relationship between wing area and raggedness during molt in the Willow Warbler and other passerines. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 103--108. (Dept. Anim. Ecol., Lund Univ., S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.)---Using standard molt scores to estimate reduction of wing area in Phylloscopus trochilus et al. yields a maximum value of approximately 10%.---R.A.I.

{E114} Hill, G. E. 1996. Redness as a measure of the production cost of ornamental coloration. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 8: 157--175. (Dept. Zool. Wildl. Sci., Alabama Agric. Exp. Stn., 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL 36849-5414, USA.)

{E114} Koopman, K. 1996. The partial pre-breeding primary moult in Common Terns Sterna hirundo. Ringing Migr. 17: 11--14. (Diligencelaan 11, 9351 PR Leek, Netherlands.)---Variation in number of twice-annual moulted primaries is not due to winter feeding conditions.---P.C.L.

{E114} Negro, J. J., K. L. Bildstein, & D. M. Bird. 1994. Effects of food deprivation and handling stress on fault%bar formation in nestling American Kestrels. Ardea 82: 263--267. (Avian Sci. Cons. Ctr., Macdonald Campus McGill Univ., 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne-de-Belevue, PQ, H9X 3V9 Can.)---Excessive fault-bar formation in captive Falco sparverius apparently caused by handling stress rather than food deprivation.---R.G.B.

{E114} Nesbitt, S. A., & S. T. Schwikert. 1998. Maturation and variation of head characteristics in Sandhill Cranes. Wilson Bull. 110: 285--288. (Florida Game Fresh Water Fish Comm., Wildl. Res. Lab., 4005 S. Main St., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA; EM: snesbitt@wrl.gfc.state.fl.us)---Grus canadensis differences suggest relatively high genetic diversity and may be used in mate selection.---J.J.Dos.

{E114} Pilastro, A., S. Tasinazzo, & C. Guzzon. 1996. Extension of post-juvenile moult and ageing of the Cetti's warbler Cettia cetti in northern Italy. Avocetta 20: 107--112. (Inst. Natl. Fauna Selvatica, V. Ca' Fornacetta 9, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy.)---New method for ageing juveniles based on contrast between molted and unmolted feathers.---A.S.

{E114} Tietje, W. D., & J. K. Vreeland. 1997. Molt of Northern Shovelers wintering in south Texas. Southwest. Nat. 42: 454--459. (UC Coop. Extension, 2156 Sierra Way, Suite C, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA.)---Timing and intensity of molt of Anas clypeata.---J.J. D.

{E114} Underhill, L. G., & A. Joubert. 1995. Relative masses of primary feathers. Ringing Migr. 16: 109--116. (Avian Demography Unit, Dept. Statistical Sci., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa.)---Data for 38 species insufficient to evaluate models to describe wing shape.---P.C.L.

{E116} Bjorklund, M. 1990. A phylogenetic interpretation of sexual dimorphism in body size and ornament in relation to mating system in birds. J. Evol. Biol. 3: 171--184. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Fringillid and emberizid mating system is correlated with sexual dimorphism of ornamental trait and only weakly correlated with trait size. Polygynous species are significantly larger than monogamous species, size dimorphism does not differ.---W.E.T.

{E116} Bjorklund, M. 1991. Coming of age in fringillid birds: heterochrony in the ontogeny of secondary sexual characters. J. Evol. Biol. 4: 83--92. (Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA 01238, USA.)---Phylogenetic analysis of 9-primaried oscines in N. Am. suggests an accelerated timing of sexual maturation, with sexual dimorphism in plumage arising as a secondary result of selection for neotony in females.---W.E.T.

{E116} Bjorklund, M., & J. Merila. 1993. Morphological differentiation in Carduelis finches: adaptive vs. constraint models. J. Evol. Biol. 6: 359--374. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Morphological diversification in 21 spp. of finches is conservative for bill shape, whereas other traits are less constrained.---W.E.T.

{E116} Bjorklund, M., & M. Linden. 1993. Sexual size dimorphism in the Great Tit (Parus major) in relation to history and current selection. J. Evol. Biol. 6: 397--416. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Variation in size and shape is unrelated to adult fitness.---W.E.T.

{E116} Brinkhof, M. W. G. 1997. Seasonal decline in body size of Coot chicks. J. Avian Biol. 28: 117--131. (Zool. Dept., Univ. Bern, CH--3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland. EM: brinkhof@esh.unibe.ch)---Experimental study of Fulica atra through exchange of clutches with different laying dates.---R.T.B.

{E116} Gosler, A. G., et al. 1995. A comparison of wing length and primary length as size measures for small passerines. Ringing Migr. 16: 65--78. (EGI, Dept. Zool., South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Repeatability of measuring primary 3 length is no better than maximum chord for trained observers. No evidence for preference on grounds of bird’s welfare.---P.C.L.

{E116} Gustafsson, L., & J. Merila. 1993. Inheritance of size and shape in a natural population of Collared Flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis. J. Evol. Biol. 6: 375--396. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---External morphology is under additive genetic control, with a strong potential for evolutionary change.---W.E.T.

{E116} Hocken, A. G. 1997. Plumage and bill morphology variations in a population of the Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor). Notornis 44: 259--263. ("East Riding", Whiterocks Rd., RD 6-D, Oamaru, New Zealand.)---Individuals at the Omaru, New Zealand colony had an association between bill depth, ventral flipper tip colour and the amount of white on the dorsal leading edge of the flipper.---E.O.M.

{E116} Jukema, J. 1992. [Seasonal change of bill-length in Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis.] Limosa 65: 30--31. (Haerdawei 44, 8854 AC Oosterbierum, Netherlands.)---Bill significantly shorter in winter. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{E116} Jukema, J., & T. Piersma. 1992. [Golden Plovers Pluvialis apricaria do not show sexual dimorphism in external and internal linear dimensions.] Limosa 65: 147--154. (Haerdawei 44, 8854 AC Oosterbierum, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{E116} Koffijberg, K., & M. R. van Eerden. 1995. Sexual dimorphism in the Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis: possible implications for differences in structural size. Ardea 83 (1): 37--46. (Rijkswaterstaat, Dir. Flevoland, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Males significantly larger in all body dimensions, but no size difference between adults and juveniles.---R.G.B.

{E116} Koopman, K. 1992. [Biometrics, weight change and primary moult of an inland population of the Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus.] Limosa 65: 103--108. (Diligencenlaan 11, 9351 PR Leek, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{E116} Larsson, K. 1993. Inheritance of body size in the Barnacle Goose under different environmental conditions. J. Evol. Biol. 6: 195--208. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---When growth conditions are normal or better, heritability of body size traits in Branta leucopsis is high.---W.E.T.

{E116} Larsson, K., & P. Forslund. 1991. Environmentally induced morphological variation in the Barnacle Goose, Branta leucopsis. J. Evol. Biol. 4: 619--636. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Environmental conditions to which juvenile geese were exposed affected fledging and final adult body size.---W.E.T.

{E116} Melter, J., & A. Sauvage. 1997. Measurements and moult of Ruffs Philomachus pugnax wintering in West Africa. Malimbus 19:12--18. (OAG Münster, Biol. Stn., Coermühle 181, 48157 Münster, Germany.)---Statistical data on leg color by age; wing, bill, and tarsus length of adults; and molt of outer primaries of first-year birds.---P.W.P.B.

{E116} Moller, A. P. 1992. Sexual selection in the monogamous Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica). II. Mechanisms of sexual selection. J. Evol. Biol. 5: 603--624. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Males were in better condition and acquired more mates and extra-pair copulations, and their mates laid larger clutches.---W.E.T.

{E116} Moller, A. P. 1993. Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in sexual ornaments predict female choice. J. Evol. Biol. 6: 481--492. (Galton Lab., Dept. Genetics & Biometry, Univ. Coll. London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK.).---For species in which females prefer largest trait, asymmetry was less for individuals with larger traits.---W.E.T.

{E116} Phillips, R. A., & R. W. Furness. 1997. Sex-specific variation in the loss of mass by breeding Arctic Skuas. J. Avian Biol. 28: 163--170. (Appl. Ornithol. Unit, IBLS, Univ. Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. EM: r.furness@bio.gla.ac.uk)---Stercorarius parasiticus.

{E116} Rhymer, J. M. 1992. An experimental study of geographic variation in avian growth and development. J. Evol. Biol. 5: 289--306. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Florida St. Univ., Tallahassee, FL 32306-2043, USA.)---Population-level variation in Mallard Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) could be attributed to differences in nesting phenology and local environmental conditions.---W.E.T.

{E118} Buchanan, J. B., et. al. 1996. Body mass and lipid levels of shorebirds collected in western Washington. Northwest. Nat. 77: 51--54. (Washington Dept. Fish Wildl., Wildl. Manage. Div., 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501, USA.)---Data for Charadrius semipalmatus, Pluvialis squatarola, Arenaria interpres, Calidris canutus, Calidris alba, Calidris mauri, Calidris alpina.---R.B.C.

{E116} Soloviec, M. Y., & P. S. Tomkovich. 1997. Body mass changes in waders (Charadrii) in a high arctic area at northern Taimyr, Siberia. J. Ornithol. 138: 271--281. (Dept. Vert. Zool. & Gen. Ecol., Biol. Fac., Moscow State Univ., 119899 Moscow, Russia.)---Body mass during 6 breeding seasons in Calidris alba, Calidris canutus, Calidris ferruginea, Calidris minuta, Arenaria interpres.---P.H.B.

{E116} Soloviev, M. Y., & P. S. Tomkovich. 1995. Biometrics of Sanderling Calidris alba from the Taimyr. Ringing Migr. 16: 91--99. (Dept. Vert. Zool. & Gen. Ecol., Biol. Fac., Moscow State Univ., 119899 Moscow, Russia.)

{E116} Summers, R. W., et al. 1996. The biometrics of invading Common Crossbills Loxia curvirostra in Britain during 1990--1991. Ringing Migr. 17: 1--10. (RSPB, Etive Ho., Beechwood Pk., Inverness IV2 3BW, UK.)

{E116} Thomas, A. L. R. 1995. On the tails of birds. Ph.D. dissert., Lund Univ. (Dept. Ecol., Anim. Ecol. Bldg., Lund Univ., Lund, Sweden.)---Aerodynamic theory is used to model the evolutionary forces and costs responsible for the morphology of bird tails.---L.B.

{E116} van den Brink, B. 1993. [Body mass of Swallows Hirundo rustica in spring.] Limosa 66: 166--167. (Zomerdijk 86, 8079 TL Noordeinde, Netherlands.)---All birds captured at spring roost carried subcutaneous fat. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{E116} Witter, M. S., & A. R. Goldsmith. 1997. Social stimulation and regulation of body mass in female Starlings. Anim. Behav. 54: 279--287. (IBLS, Graham Kerr Bldg, Univ. Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)---Sturnus vulgaris.

{E116} Zwarts, L., et al. 1996. Short-term variation in the body weight of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus: effect of available feeding time by day and night, temperature and wind force. Ardea 84 A: 357--372. (Rijkswaterstaat IJsselmeergebied, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Body weight increases with duration of available feeding time, irrespective of time of day.---R.G.B.

{E116} Zwarts, L., et al. 1996. Body weight in relation to variation in body size of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus. Ardea 84 A: 21--28. (Rijkswaterstaat IJsselmeergebied, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Wing length is better indicator of body weight than bill length, but females with similar wing lengths to males are 20 g heavier due to higher fat load.---R.G.B.

{E116} Zwarts, L., J. B. Hulscher, & P. M. Zegers. 1996. Weight loss in Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus on the roost and after capture. Ardea 84 A: 13--20. (Rijkswaterstaat IJsselmeergebied, P.O. Box 600, 8200 AP Lelystad, Netherlands.)---Important to record weight relative to arrival time at roost, rather than capture time.---R.G.B.

{E118} Bolton, M. 1996. Energy expenditure, body-weight and foraging performance of Storm Petrels Hydrobates pelagicus breeding in artificial nesting chambers. Ibis 138: 405--409. (Appl. Ornithol. Unit, Zool. Dept., Glasgow Univ., Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)

{E118} Gebczynski, A. K. 1995. Is there a hypothermia in Wilson's Storm Petrel chicks? Polish Polar Res. 16: 175--184. (Inst. Biol., Univ. Bialystok, Swierkowa 20B, P. Box 109, 15--950 Bialystok, Poland.)---Oceanites oceanicus.

{E118} Gwinner, E. 1996. Circannual clocks in avian reproduction and migration. Ibis 138: 47--63. (Max-Planck-Inst. für Verhaltensphysiologie, D--82346 Andechs, Germany.)---Review of ideas, using data from studies of Saxicola torquata axillaris and Sylvia borin.---J.V.B.

{E118} Jehl, Jr., J. R. 1997. Cyclical changes in body composition in the annual cycle and migration of the Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis. J. Avian Biol. 28: 132--142. (Hubbs-Sea World Res. Inst., 2595 Ingraham St., San Diego, CA 92109, USA. EM: JJehl@Hubbs.sdsu.edu)

{E118} Klaassen, M., et al. 1994. Influence of growth rate retardation on time budgets and energetics of Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea and Common Tern Sterna hirundo chicks. Ibis 136: 197--204. (DLO Inst. For. & Nat. Res. (IBN-DLO), PO Box 9201, 6800 HB Arnhem, Netherlands.)

{E118} Meijer, T., et al. 1996. New findings in body mass regulation in Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata) in response to photoperiod and temperature. J. Zool. 240: 717--734. (Dept. Ethol., Univ. Bielefeld, PO Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.)---Long photoperiods increase body mass and fat reserves and readiness to breed independently of actual feeding period.---J.V.B.

{E118} Schacht, S. J., T. C. Tacha, & G. L. Waggerman. 1995. Bioenergetics of White-winged Dove reproduction in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Wildl. Monogr. 129: 1--31. (Caesar Kleberg Wildl. Res. Inst., Campus Box 218, Texas A&M Univ., Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.)---Availability of high-quality food does not limit productivity in Zenaida asiatica asiatica.---R.H.D.

{E118} Scott, I. A., P. I. Mitchell, & P. R. Evans. 1995. The reliability of fat scores as predictors of the mass of fat carried by individual birds. Ardea 83: 359--363. (Durham Univ., Biol. Sci. Dept., South Rd., Durham DH1 3LE, UK.)---Fat scores are poor indicator of lipid levels as predicted by total body electrical conductivity.---R.G.B.

{E118} Wiersma, P., L. Bruinzeel, & T. Piersma. 1993. [Energy savings in waders: studies on the insulation of Knots.] Limosa 66: 41--52. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.)---Thermostatic costs in Calidris canutus, Haematopus ostralegus and Branta bernicla, as revealed by measuring standard operative temperature with heated taxidermic mounts, higher than traditional estimates based on air temperature alone. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{E120} Birkhead, T. R., & H. Hoi. 1994. Reproductive organs and mating strategies of the Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus. Ibis 136: 356--359. (Dept. Anim. & Plant Sci., PO Box 601, Univ. Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2UQ, UK.)---Males have enlarged cloacal protuberances.---J.V.B.

{E120} Briskie, J. V. 1994. Seasonal patterns of sperm storage in the Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus. Ibis 136: 323--330. (Dept. Zool., Private Bag 4800, Canterbury Univ., Christchurch, NZ.)---Greatest just before laying.---J.V.B.

{E120} Burger, M. I. 1991. Ciclo reproductivo de femeas de uma populacao de Nothura maculosa Temmick 1815 (Aves: Tinamidae) no Rio Grande do Sul Brasil. [Female reproductive cycle of Nothura maculosa in Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia Ser. Zool. 71: 161--174. (Museu de Ciencias Naturais, FZB. Caixa Postal 1188, 90001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.)---Physiological changes in ovaries and oviducts during reproductive cycle.---C.G.S.

{E120} Kempenaers B., W. Plompen, & J. V. Briskie. 1994. Patterns of sperm storage in two species of tits. Ardea 82: 185--192. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Antwerpen, U.I.A., 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.)---Number, form and size of sperm-storage tubules not significantly different in Parus major and Parus caeruleus, even though latter copulates much more frequently.---R.G.B.

{E122} Zhaofen, Y., et al. 1996. [Dissection and observation of trachea of Grus monacha.] Sichuan J. Zool. 15: 19--20. (No address given).---Hooded Crane (Chinese).

{E124} Bee de Speroni, N., & F. Carezzano. 1992. Composición cuantitativa encefálica de Polyborus ch. chimango Viellot, (Aves: Falconidae) desde una perspectiva ecoetológica. [Brain composition in Polyborus {= Milvago} chimango chimango in relation to ecology and behavior.] Rev. Asoc. Cienc. Nat. Litoral 23(1-2): 1--8. (Fac. de Cienc. Exactas, Físicas y Naturales [U.N. Cba.] Vélez Sarsfield 299-5000 Córdoba, Argentina.)---Functional and phylogenetic indicators tend to agree.---C.G.S.

{E124} Knudsen, E. I. 1998. Capacity for plasticity in the adult owl auditory system expanded by juvenile experience. Science 279: 1531--1533. (Dept. Neurobiol., Stanford Univ. Sch. Med., 299 Campus Dr., Fairchild Bldg. D259, StaNford, CA, 94305-5125, USA; EM: eknudsen@leland.stanford.edu)---Adult Tyto alba adapts to prisms over eyes only if same treatment applied as a juvenile.---M.J.J.

{E124} Krebs, J. R., et al. 1996. The ecology of the avian brain: food-storing memory and the hippocampus. Ibis 138: 34--46. (Dept. Zool., Oxford Univ., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Reviews comparative studies of brain and behavior, developmental plasticity, and seasonal changes in food storing and the hippocampus.---J.V.B.

{E124} Martin, G. R., & G. Katzir. 1994. Visual fields in the Stone-curlew Burhinus oedicnemus. Ibis 136: 448--453. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.)---Foraging appears to be guided primarily by visual cues.---J.V.B.

{E300} Alvarenga, H. 1990. Flamingos fosseis da Bacia da Bacia de Taubaté, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil: descricao de nova espécie. [A new fossil species of flamingo from Bacia da Bacia de Taubaté, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil.] An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 62: 335--345. (Rua Colombia, 99-12030 Taubaté, SP, Brazil.)---A new fossil species of Agnoptenus.---C.G.S.

{E302} Noriega, J., & C. Tambussi. 1995. A Late Cretaceous Presbyornithidae (Aves: Anseriformes) from Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula: Paleobiogeographic implications. Ameghiniana 32: 57--61. (Catedra Anatomía Comparada. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP. Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.)---These records support the hypothesis of a Southern Hemisphere origin for anatids.---C.G.S.

{E304} Tambussi, C. P., et al. 1994. Ratite bird from the Paleogene La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica. Polish Polar Res. 15: 15--20. (A. Tatur, Inst. Ekol. PAS, 05--092 Lomianki, Poland.)---Supports notion that ratites used west Antarctica as a dispersal route during Mesozoic and Paleogene.---J.P.

{E306} Baird, R. F., & P. Vickers-Rich. 1998. Palaelodus (Aves: Palaelodidae) from the Middle to Late Cainozoic of Australia. Alcheringa 22: 135--151. (17 Allan St., Brunswick, Vic. 3051, Australia.)---Describes new species which extend chronological range to Middle Pleistocene. Renders invalid some characters previously used to identify this family.---I.D.E.

{E306} Marco, A. S. 1996. The presence of the Waldrapp Geronticus eremita (Plataleidae) in the Plio-Pleistocene boundary in Spain. Ibis 138: 560--561. (Dept. Paleobiol., Mus. Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Gutiérrez Abascal, S, 28006 Madrid, Spain.)

{E306} Nasif, N. L. 1988. Primer registro de flamencos (Phoenicopteridae) del Terciario superior, Valle del Cajón (Provincia de Catamarca Argentina). [First record of flamingos from the Upper Tertiary of Valle del Cajón (Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina).] Ameghiniana 25(2): 169--173. (Fac. de Cienc. Naturales e Inst. Miguel Lillo, Univ. Nac. de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.)---With characteristics of fossil and extant Phoenicopterus.---C.G.S.

{E306} Tonni, E. P., & C. Tambussi. 1988. Un nuevo Psilopterinae (Aves: Ralliformes) del Mioceno tardío en la provincia de Buenos Aires, República de Argentina. [A new Psilopterinae (Aves: Ralliformes) from the Late Miocene of Buenos Aires, Argentina]. Ameghiniana 25(2): 155--160. (División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de la Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.)---Psilopterus colzeus, recent record of this genus represented only in the Early Miocene in Patagonia.---C.G.S.

{E308} Field, J. H., & W. E. Boles. 1998. Genyornis newtoni and Dromaius novaehollandiae at 30,000 b.p. in central northern New South Wales. Alcheringa 22: 177--188. (Sch. Archaeol., Univ. Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; EM: J.Field@chem.usyd.ed.au.)---Found in sequential layers associated with artefacts of human occupation.---I.D.E.

{E308} Jimenéz Vázquez, O. 1997. [Six new records of fossil birds in Cuba.] El Pitirre 10(2): 49. (Inst. Ecol. Sist., Carretera de Varona, Km 3.5, Capdevila, Boyeros, Cuidad de La Habana, Cuba.)---Buteo jamaicensis, Caracara plancus, Falco sparverius, Gymnoglaux lawrencii, Melanerpes superciliaris, Sphyrapicus varius.

{E308} Wragge, G. M. 1995. The fossil birds of Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group, South Pacific: a chronology of human-caused extinctions. Ph.D. dissert., Univ. Oxford. (Dept. Zool., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)

{E310} Clark, G. R., et al. 1996. Faunal and floral remains from Earnscleugh Cave, Central Otago, New Zealand. J. Roy. Soc. NZ 26: 363--380. (Div. Archaeol. & Nat. Hist., RSPAS, ANU, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.)---Fossil deposits include 14 species of bird, both extinct and extant.---H.D.P.

{E310} Lefeure, C. 1993. Las aves en los yacimientos del archipiélago del Cabo de Hornos y del Seno Grandi. [Birds from the graves of Cabo de Hornos and Seno Grandi.] Ans. Inst. Patagonia Ser. Cs. Hs. 22: 123--136. (URA 1415 du CNRS, Mus. Natl. d'Hist. Nat., 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.)---Most abundant fossils at these sites on the southern coast of Chile are albatrosses, shearwaters, cormorants, and their allies.---C.G.S.

{E310} Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 1995. Quaternary fossil faunas from caves on Mt. Cookson, North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. J. Roy. Soc. NZ 25: 333--370. (Palaeofaunal Surveys, 43 The Ridgeway, Nelson, New Zealand.)---Fossil vertebrate faunas, mainly birds (47 species); includes 8 species of moa.---H.D.P.

{E310} Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 1996. Quaternary fossil faunas, overlapping taphonomies, and palaeofaunal reconstruction in North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. J. Roy. Soc. NZ 26: 275--361. (Palaeofaunal Surveys, 43 The Ridgeway, Nelson, New Zealand.)---Fossils described include both extinct and extant bird species.---H.D.P.

{E504} Maechtle, T. L. 1998. The Aba: a device for restraining raptors and other large birds. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 66--70. (Raptor Res. Ctr., Boise State Univ., Boise, ID 83725, USA.)

{E506} Bult, H. 1995. [Trefclus, a model to check species maps.] Limosa 68: 29--34. (VWG Bergen op Zoom, Begoniastraat 31, 4645 CA Putte, Netherlands.)---Model offers unbiased possibility to compare and check validity of species maps based on limited number of mapping visits in breeding season. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{E506} Canut, J., et al. 1996. [Census methods for breeding parameters of the Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus.] Alauda 64: 195--204. (Generalitat de Catalunya (DARP), Oficina comarcal del Pallars Sobirà Constitució, 1. E--25530, Sort. Lleida, Spain.)---Use of dogs is the most reliable. (Spanish, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{E506} Desbrosses, R. 1996. [Comparison between two census methods of Hazel Grouse Bonasa bonasia in the French Jura.] Alauda 64: 293--306. (Univ. de Bourgogne, Lab. d'Ecol., Fac. des Sci. Mirande, F--21000 Dijon, France.]---Use of vocalizations seems best. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O.

{E506} Schoppers, J. 1996. [Tape recorder useful in breeding season surveys of Partridge Perdix perdix.] Limosa 69: 180--181. (Worth Rhedenseweg 22, 6991 DW Rheden, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.)

{E506} Spaepen, J. 1995. Estimating the size of migratory populations based on ringing data. Application to the Skylark (Alauda arvensis). Gerfaut 85: 91--93. (Geelsebaan 45, B-2470 Retie, Belgium.)

{E506} van Strien, A., et al. 1994. [The sensitivity of two national bird monitoring programmes.] Limosa 67: 69--75. (CBS, Natuurlijk Milieu, P.O. Box 959, 2270 AZ Voorburg, Netherlands.)---Critical review of Breeding Bird Monitoring Program and Point Transect Counts in revealing long-term trends. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B.

{E506} Van der Meer, J., & C. J. Camphuysen. 1996. Effect of observer differences on abundance estimates of seabirds from ship-based strip transect surveys. Ibis 138: 433--437. (Netherlands Inst. Sea Res. (NIOZ), PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.)---Observer has large effect on estimates.---J.V.B.

{E506} Vinuela, J. 1997. Road transects as a large-scale census method for raptors: the case of the Red Kite Milvus milvus in Spain. Bird Study 44: 155--165. (Soc. Española Ornithol., Carretera de Humera 63-1, 28024 Pozuelo, Madrid, Spain.)---Useful method but caution needed when used in low density areas.---D.W.

{E506} Weston, M. A. 1998. Report on the Birds Australia / AWSG preliminary Latham’s Snipe expedition to Japan: results and recommendations. Stilt 32: 47--49. (2/63 Alma Ave., Altona Meadows, Vic. 3028, Australia.)---Trip to clarify methodological and logistic details prior to breeding population survey of Gallinago hardwickii.---I.D.E.

{E508} Buckton, S. T., & S. J. Omerod. 1997. Use of a new standardization habitat survey for assessing the habitat preferences and distribution of upland river birds. Bird Study 44: 327--337. (Catchment Res. Group, Pure Appl. Biol., Univ. Wales Cardiff, P. O. Box 915, Cardiff CF1 3TL, UK.)

{E508} Lavers, C., & R. Haines-Young. 1997. The use of satellite imagery to estimate Dunlin Calidris alpina abundance in Caithness and Sutherland and in the Shetland Islands. Bird Study 44: 220--226. (Univ. Nottingham, Univ. Pk., Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.). Correlation between Dunlin abundance in Scotland and near-infrared reflectance suggests remote monitoring of moorland for conservation purposes may be possible.---D.W.

{E508} Verlinden, A., & R. Masogo. 1997. Satellite remote sensing of habitat suitability for ungulates and ostrich in the Kalahari of Botswana. J. Arid Environ. 35: 563--574. (Res. Div., Botswana Dept. Wildl. Natl. Pks.., P. O Box 131, Gaborone, Botswana.)---Struthio camelus.

{E509} Miranda, L., & J. A. Collazo. 1997. A modified throw-trap to sample prey for wading bird studies. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 602--606. (NC Coop. Fish Wildl. Res. Unit, N. Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.)---The mean number of prey/m² in used sites (i.e., at least 2 foraging birds) was significantly higher than random sites.---R.A.I.

{E510} Busse, P. 1995. New technique of a field study of directional preferences of night passerine migrants. Ring 17: 97--116. (Bird Migration Stn., Univ. Gdansk, Przebendowo, 84--210 Choczewo, Poland.)

{E510} Hamel, P. B., & F. J. Vilella. 1996. Observing mixed-species foraging flocks of resident and migratory birds in Caribbean habitats. El Pitirre 9(2): 7--8. (USDA For. Serv., Southern Res. Stn., South. Hardwoods Lab., P.O. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.)---Suggestions for taking notes, with a version in Spanish on the succeeding 2 pages.---R.B.C.

{E510} Pedler, L. 1996. Artificial nest-hollows for black-cockatoos. Eclectus 1: 13. (P.O. Box 41, Parndana, SA 5220, Australia.)---Interim report on a design for Calyptorhynchus lathami nest cavity using PVC storm-water pipe.---I.C.R.

{E510} Walther, B. A., & D. H. Clayton. 1997. Dust-ruffling: a simple method for quantifying ectoparasite loads of live birds. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 509--525. (DHC: Ctr. Conserv. Biol., Coll. William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.)---Catharus minimus, Catharus bicknelli.

{E512} Arctander, P., & J. Fjeldså. 1994. Avian tissue collections for DNA analysis. Ibis 136: 359--360. (Dept. Popul. Biol., Univ. Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK--2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.)

{E512} Madsen, V. 1997. Sex-determination of Continental European Robins Erithacus r. rubecula. Bird Study 44: 239--244. (Dept. Popul. Biol., Zool. Inst., Univ. Copenhagen, Tagensvej 16, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.)---Using female-specific genomic DNA sequence---D.W.

{E512} Winker, K., M. J. Braun, & G. R. Graves. 1996. Voucher specimens and quality control in avian molecular studies. Ibis 138: 345--346. (Lab. Mol. Syst., MSC MRC 534, Natl. Mus. Nat. Hist., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C. 20560, USA.)

{E514} Schroeder, R. L., & L. D. Vangilder. 1997. Tests of wildlife habitat models to evaluate oak-mast production. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 639--646. (USGS/BRD, Midcontinent Ecol. Sci. Ctr., 4512 McMurry Ave., Ft. Collins, CO 80525-3400, USA.)---Anas platyrhynchos, Colinus virginianus, Meleagris gallopavo.

{E515} Dyer, P. K., & K. Aldworth. 1998. The ‘Burrowscope’: modifications to burrow viewing equipment. Emu 98: 143--146. (Arts Program, Sunshine Coast Univ. Coll., Sippy Downs, Qld. 4556, Australia.)

{E515} Hamilton, S. 1998. A test of burrow occupancy of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) using chick response to sound. Notornis 45: 64--66. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.)---In tests at 2 South Island, New Zealand colonies, most chicks failed to respond to sounds outside the burrow.---E.O.M.

{E515} Walter, S. E., & D. H. Rusch. 1997. Accuracy of egg flotation in determining age of Canada goose nests. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 854--857. (Dept. Wildl. Ecol., Univ. Wisconsin, 226 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706-1598, USA.)---Flotation predicted 82% of hatch dates within ±4 days; flotation overestimated Branta canadensis nest age during early incubation and underestimated age during late incubation.---W.P.J.

{E516} Hernandez, F., D. Rollins, & R. Cantu. 1997. An evaluation of Trailmaster® camera systems for identifying ground-nest predators. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 848--853. (Dept. Wildl. Fish. Sci., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77840, USA.)---Trailmaster camera systems provide an objective means to identify nest predators.---W.P.J.

{E516} Markwell, T. J. 1997. Video camera count of burrow-dwelling Fairy Prions, Sooty Shearwaters, and tuatara on Takapourewa (Stephens Island), New Zealand. N. Z. J. Zool. 24: 231--237. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Victoria Univ., P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.)---Population densities (animals per square meter) were 1.1 for Pachyptila turtur, 0.06 for Puffinus griseus and 0.15 for Sphenodon punctatus. Design of video camera is discussed.---E.O.M.

{E516} Seto, N. W. H., & P. Jansen. 1997. A miniature camera system for examining petrel burrows. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 530--536. (USFWS, Midway Atoll NWR, P. O. Box 660099, Lihue, HI 96766-0099, USA.)---Pterodroma hypoleuca.

{E518} Selman, R. G., & D. C. Houston. 1996. A technique for measuring lean pectoral muscle mass in live small birds. Ibis 138: 348--350. (Appl. Ornithol. Unit, Div. Environ. & Evol. Biol., Graham Kerr Bldg., Univ. Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland.)---By making impressions with alginate gel.---J.V.B.

{E520} Hernandez, F., D. Rollins, & R. Cantu. 1997. Evaluating evidence to identify ground-nest predators in west Texas. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 826--831. (Dept. Wildl. Fish. Sci., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77840, USA.)---Intraspecific variation combined with interspecific similarities in evidences left by predators precluded the development of a dichotomous key to identify predators of ground nesting birds.---W.P.J.

{E522} Connop, S. 1997. What? Why? How? Unraveling the mystery of the sonogram. Birders J. 6: 142--144. (15 Hillcrest Ln., Orono, ON L0B 1M0, Can.)---Briefly describes recent software.---A.L.L.

{E524} Balogh, G. 1997. Spectacles on ice. Birding World 10: 103--107. ([Incomplete address given] Alaska, USA.)---Satellite tracking winter flocks of Somateria fischeri in the Bering Sea.---T.M.B.

{E524} Exo, K.-M., G. Scheiffarth, & U. Haesihus. 1996. The application of motion-sensitive transmitters to record activity and foraging patterns of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus. Ardea 84 A: 29--38. (Inst. Vogelforsch., An der Vogelwarte 21, D%26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.)

{E524} Zimmer, J. M. 1997. Poor retention rates of 8-g anchor radio transmitters by Northern Shovelers. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 526--529. (Acadia Natl. Pk., P. O. Box 177, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.)---Rate of 0.55 for 42 adult female Anas clypeata.---R.A.I.

{E526} Becker, P. H., & H. Wendeln. 1996. Ring removal in terns caught in Africa---a major problem for population studies. Ringing Migr. 17: 31--32. (Inst. Vogelforschung, An der Vogelwwarte 21, D--26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.)---Ring commonly removed even if bird is released by finder.---P.C.L.

{E526} Domenech, J., & J. C. Senar. 1997. Trapping methods can bias age ratio in samples of passerine populations. Bird Study 44: 348--354. (Mus. Zool., Ap. Correus 593, 08080 Barcelona, Spain.)---Emphasize caution when analysing population parameters from different trapping methods.---D.W.

{E526} Geering, D. J. 1998. Playback tapes as an aid for mist-netting Regent Honeyeaters. Corella 22: 61--63. (Dept. Nat. Resour. Environ., P.O. Box 500, E. Melbourne, Vic. 3002, Australia.)---Taped calls enhanced capture rate of Xanthomyza phrygia during breeding season. Juxtaposition of tape player and net important.---I.D.E.

{E526} Hindell, M. A., M.-A. Lea, & C. L. Hull. 1996. The effects of flipper bands on adult survival rate and reproduction in the Royal Penguin, Eudyptes schlegeli. Ibis 138: 557--560. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Tasmania, PO Box 252C, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.)---No adverse effects.---J.V.B.

{E526} Jessop, R., P. Collins, & M. Brown. 1998. The manufacture of leg flags in the light of experience. Stilt 32: 50--52. (P.O. Box 97, Cowes, Vic. 3922, Australia; EM: rosj@penguins.org.au)---Discusses source of materials, flag size, manufacturing and attachment methods.---I.D.E.

{E526} Miles, J., & J. McClennan. 1998. A new technique for radio-tagging immature kiwi (Apteryx spp.). Notornis 45: 44--48. (Landcare Research, Priv. Bag 1403, Havelock North, New Zealand.)---The transmitter is attached above the tibiotarsal joint with an adjustable plastic hospital bracelet.---E.O.M.

{E526} Sedgwick, J. A., & R. J. Klus. 1997. Injury due to leg bands in Willow Flycatchers. J. Field Ornithol. 68: 622--629. (Midcontinent Ecol. Sci. Ctr., 4512 McMurry, Fort Collins, CO 80525-3400, USA.)---9.6% of 617 Empidonax traillii returning to southeastern Oregon.---R.A.I.