• Darwinian medicine
• defenses
• defects
• trade-offs
• evolutionary constraint
• conflicts
• signs
• symptoms
• symptomatic treatment
  
• pathogen
• adaptation
  
• defenses vs. defects
  
• coevolution
• maternal-fetus conflict
• parent-offspring conflict
• diseases of civilization
• mutation
• genetic quirk
  

• variation
• Thomas Malthus
• population principle (Malthus)
  
• adaptation
• Charles Darwin
• natural selection
• Gregor Mendel
• homozygous
• heterozygous
• allele
• dominant allele
• recessive allele
• evolution
• genotype
• phenotype
• DNA
• gene
• amino acid
• protein
• chromosome
• mutation
• species
• proofs of evolution

• fever
• Julius Wagner-Juaregg
• LEM (leukocyte endogenous mediator)
• iron withholding
• conalbumin
• lactoferrin
• pathogen
• Paul Ewald
• host defense
• host manipulation
• side effects
• MHC (major histocompatibility complex)
• intermediate host
• African sleeping sickness
• trypanosome
• rabies
• brainworm

• vector
• infection
• virus
• bacteria
• gram positive/negative
• nematode worms
• Ascaris (intestinal roundworm)
• hookworms / pinworms
• Trichinella (trichinosis)
• flukes
• Chinese liver fluke
• Schistosomiasis
• ticks
• aerosol
• emergent disease
• re-emergent disease
• E. coli
• host switching
• Rift Valley fever
• hantavirus
• Sin Nombre virus

• oropouche
• disturbance
• black death (bubonic plague)
• Lyme disease
• yellow fever
• Argentine hemorrhagic fever
• smallpox
• Pleistocene blitzkrieg

• hunter-gatherers
• density-dependent (population regulation)
• cholera
• global warming
• toxoplasmosis
• Legionnaire’s disease
• CDC – Center for Disease Control

• evolutionary arms race
• coevolution
• Red queen hypothesis
• magic bullet (Ehrlich)
• Sir Alexander Fleming
• penicillin
• antibiotic
• resistance
• vaccination
• MDR – multiple drug resistance
• XDR - extensively drug resistant
  
• conjugation
• generation time
• plasmid
• toxic streptococcal syndrome
• flesh-eating bacteria
• rheumatic fever
• commensalism
• prophylactic prescriptions

• coexistence
• syphilis
• scarlet fever
• bubonic plague
• English sweats
• virulence
• benign strain
• within-host selection
• between-host selection
• direct transmission
• vector transmission
• nosocomial infection
• “sit and wait” transmission
• durable (strain)
• malaria
• Shigella

• humors
• germ theory of disease
• Ignaz Semmelweis
• childbed fever
• Louis Pasteur
• Robert Koch
• Koch’s postulate
• epidemic
• pandemic
• resistance
• immunity
• 1918 flu epidemic
• Spanish flu

• Kirsty Duncan
• Jeffrey Taubenberger
• Johan Hultin
• zoonoses
• Hong Kong flu
• swine flu
• Lassa fever
• Ebola

• wound
• bruise
• structural failure
• degeneration
• autoimmune disease
• poison
• toxin
• venom
• secondary compound
• secondary metabolite
• hormesis
  

• senescence
• free radicals
• telomeres
• endosymbiosis
• suicide gene
• aptosis
• lipofuscin
• progeria(s)
• Dobzhansky's limit

• genetic disease
• genotype
• phenotype
• DNA
• chromosome
• mutation
• somatic cell
• germ cell
• mitosis
• meiosis
• homologous chromosome
• allele
• dominant allele
• recessive allele
• delayed expression
• Huntington’s disease (HD)
• huntingin
• genetic linkage
• sickle cell anemia
• heterozygote superiority
• G6PD
• balanced polymorphism
• PKU - phenylketonuria
• Tay-Sach’s disease
• Cystic Fibrosis - CF
• Delta 508 CF mutation
• genetic counselling
• outlaw gene
• meiotic drive
• T-locus gene
• polygenic disease
• genetic quirk
  

• T.H. Huxley - Man’s Place in Nature
• Darwin - Descent of Man
• Order Primates
• great apes
• arboreal
• cursorial
• opposable thumb
• preadaptation
• Australopithecus
• A. afarensis
• tool use
• bipedalism
• savanna
• Homo erectus
• Homo sapiens
• H. s. neanderthalis
• mitochondrial DNA
• Out of Africa
• multiregional theory
• monogenesis
  
• cultural evolution

• preadaptation
• pelvic/pectoral fins
• swim bladder
• diffusion
• epiglottis
• nostrils
• caecum
• appendix
• vestigial organ
• scurvy
• vitamins
• Vitamic C (ascorbic acid)
• bipedal posture
• femur
• lumbar region
• LBP (lower back pain)
• inverted retina
• convergent evolution
• optic nerve
• blind spot
• detached retina

• diseases of civilization (!)
• dental caries
• lactose
• lactase
• lactose-tolerant
• lactose-intolerant
• lactose malabsorbers
• UV radiation
• melanin
• Vitamin D
• rickets
• dietary fat
• obesity
• fermentation
• mead
• distillation
• CDD - chronic degenerative diseases
• evolutionary lag time
• risk factors
• Chlamydia poneumoniae

• immune system
• self tolerance
• leukocyte
• phagocyte
• macrophage (phagocyte)
• cytotoxic cell
• inflammatory cell
• phagocytosis
• vacuole
• lysosome
• Elie Metchnikoff
• Paul Ehrilch
• cytokine
• mast cells
• neutrophils (phagocyte)
• pus
• complement system
• MHC (major histocompatibility complex)
• innate immunity
• adaptive immunity
• epitopes
• antigens
• blood types
• human blood groups
• antigen receptors
• lymphocytes
• stem cells
• self-reactive cells

• primary immune response
• B cells
• T cells
• antibodies
• thymus
• lymph
• lymph nodes
• lymphatic system
• antigen-presenting cell
• interleukin-1
• interleukin-2
• helper T cells
• cellular immune response
• clonal expansion
• plasma cells (B cells)
• memory cells (B cells)
• humoral immune response
• secondary immune response
• vaccination
• DNA vaccination

• sexually transmitted disease (std)
• HIV
• AIDS
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
• SIV’s
• HIV-1
• HIV-2
• RNA
• retrovirus
• hyper mutability
• gp120
• CD4+ helper T cells
• CXCR4 receptors
• immunodeficiency
• immunosuppressant
• latency period
• AZT (azidothymidine)
• fusion inhibitors
• T-20

• autoimmune diseas
• horror autotoxicus
• immunological tolerance
• self-reactive cells
• systemic lupus erythematous (SLE or lupus)
• superantigens
• allergy
• allergen
• anaphylaxis
• atopic (atopy)
• immunoglobulin G (IgG)
• immunoglobulin E (IgE)
• mast cells
• dust mites
• asthma
• grain mites

• cancer
• tumor
• metastases
• contact inhibition
• carcinoma
• sarcoma
• leukemia
• lymphoma
• carcinogen
• mutagen
• UV radiation (ultraviolet)
• ozone layer
• Francis Peyton Rous
• Rous avian sarcoma virus
• proto-oncogenes
• oncogenes
• ras gene
• epidermal growth factor (EGF)
• tumor suppressant genes
• p53 gene (Guardian Angel)

• biological warfare
• Lord Jeffrey Amherst
• Geneva Protocol of 1925
• Ishii Shiro
• Unit 731
• anthrax
• Dugway Proving Grounds
• Bacterial Weapons Convention of  1972
• Kanatjan Alibekov
• Biopreparat
• botulinum
• bioweapon
• bioterrorism
• Aum Shinrikyo
• Order of the Rising Sun
• Rajneesh cult
• smallpox

Return to Evolution in Health and Human Disease Home Page