I. SOME MATHEMATICAL TOOLS FOR GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM THEORY
A. A Few Useful General References
1. Microeconomics Background
-E. Silberberg (1990). The Structure of Economics. New York: McGraw Hill.
-H. Varian (1992). Microeconomic Analysis. New York: Norton.
-A. Mas-Colell, M. Whinston, and J. Green (1995). Microeconomic Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
-Jae Wan Chung (1994). Utility and Production Functions: Theory and Applications. Oxford: Blackwell.
2. General Overviews of Mathematics for Economists
-E.R. Weintraub (1982). Mathematics for Economists. Cambridge: CUP.
-A.C. Chiang (1984). Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics. New York: McGraw Hill.
-K. Lancaster (1968). Mathematical Economics. New York: Dover.
-W. Novshek (1993). Mathematics for Economists. San Diego: Academic Press.
-C. Simon and L. Blume (1994). Mathematics for Economists. New York: Norton.
-A. Takayama (1985). Mathematical Economics. Cambridge: CUP.
-M. Carter (2001). Foundations of Mathematical Economics. Cambridge: MIT Press.
-J. Moore (1999). Mathematical Methods for Economic Theory. (2 Vols.). Berlin: Springer.
-P. Berck and K. Sydsæter (1991). Economists' Mathematical Manual. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
B. Matrices, Linear Algebra and Linear Programming
1. Linear Algebra
-T. Banchoff and J. Wermer (1983). Linear Algebra through Geometry. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
-A. Ostraszewski (1990). “Linear Algebra”. Part I of Advanced Mathematical Methods. Cambridge: CUP.
-I.M. Gel’fand (1961). Lectures on Linear Algebra. New York: Interscience Publishers.
-J.T. Scheick (1997). Linear Algebra with Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill.
-P. Halmos (1987). Finite-Dimensional Vector-Spaces. New York: Springer-Verlag.
-E. Klein (1973). “Vector Spaces and Vector-Space Homomorphisms”. of Part II of Mathematical Methods in Theoretical Economics. New York: Academic Press.
-M. Kemp and Y. Kimura (1978). Introduction to Mathematical Economics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
2. Matrix Theory
-F. Gantmacher (1959). Matrix Theory. (2 vols.) New York: Chelsea Publishing Co.
-R. Bellman (1970). Introduction to Matrix Analysis. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
-A. Berman and R. Plemmons (1979). Nonnegative Matrices in the Mathematical Sciences. San Diego: Academic Press.
-R. Bapat and T. Raghavan (1997). Nonnegative Matrices and Applications. Cambridge: CUP.
3. Linear Programming
-R. Dorfman, P. Samuelson and R. Solow (1958). Linear Programming and Economic Analysis. New York: McGraw Hill.
-S. Karlin (1959). Mathematical Methods and Theory in Games, Programming, and Economics. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
-D. Gale (1960). The Theory of Linear Economic Models. New York: McGraw Hill.
C. Basic Topology and Fixed Point Theory
-H. Nikaido (1970). Introduction to Sets and Mappings in Modern Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-E. Klein (1973). “Point Set Topology”. Part I of Mathematical Methods in Theoretical Economics. New York: Academic Press.
-J. Munkres (1975). Topology: A First Course. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
-J. Dugundji (1966). Topology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
-K. Binmore (1981). Topological Ideas. [Book 2 of Foundations of Analysis: A Straightforward Introduction]. Cambridge: CUP.
-Y. Shashkin (1991). Fixed Points. Washington, DC: American Mathematical Society.
-D.R. Smart (1974). Fixed Point Theorems. Cambridge: CUP.
-K. Border (1985). Fixed Point Theorems with Applications to Economics and Game Theory. Cambridge: CUP.
-J. Dugundji and A. Granas (1982). Fixed Point Theory. Warszawa : PWN-Polish Scientific Publishers.
1. Calculus
-R.G.D. Allen (1938). Mathematical Analysis for Economists. New York: St. Martins.
-K. Binmore (1983). Calculus. Cambridge: CUP.
-A. Ostrazewski (1990). “Advanced Calculus”. Part II of Advanced Mathematical Methods. Cambridge: CUP.
-T. Apostol (1967/9). Calculus. 2nd Ed. V.I (1967), V.II. (1969). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
2. Real Analysis
-K. Binmore (1980). Mathematical Analysis: A Straightforward Approach. Cambridge: CUP.
-W. Rudin (1953/76). Principles of Economic Analysis. (3rd Ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
-T. Apostol (1974). Mathematical Analysis. (2nd Ed.). Menlo Park: Addison Wesley.
-H. Royden (1988). Real Analysis. (3rd Ed.). New York: Macmillan.
-C. Aliprantis and K. Border (1994). Infinite Dimensional Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
3. Convex Analysis
-C. Berge (1963). Topological Spaces. Mineola: Dover.
-R.T. Rockafellar (1970). Convex Analysis. Princeton: PUP.
-H. Nikaido (1968). Convex Structures and Economic Theory. New York: Academic Press.
E. Optimization Theory and Nonlinear Programming
-A. Dixit (1991). Optimization in Economic Theory. Oxford: OUP.
-R. Sundaram (1996). A First Course in Optimization Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
-H. Kuhn and A. Tucker (1951). “Nonlinear Programming”. in J. Neyman ed. Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 481-492.
-H. Uzawa (1958). “The Kuhn-Tucker Theorem in Concave Programming”. in K. Arrow, et al., eds. Studies in Linear and Non-Linear Programming. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 32-37.
-O.L. Mangasarian (1969). Nonlinear Programming. New York: McGraw Hill.
-D. Luenberger (1969). Optimization by Vector Space Methods. New York: Wiley.
-M.N. Darough and C. Southey (1977). “Duality in Consumer Theory Made Simple: The Revealing of Roy's Identity”. CJE; V.10-#2, pp. 307-317.
-J. Weymark (1980). “Duality Results in Demand Theory”. EER; V.14-#?, pp. 377-395.
-E. Greenberg and A. Denzau (1988). “Profit and Expenditure Functions in Public Finance: An Expository Note”. EcInq; V.26-#1, pp. 145-158.
-H. Uzawa (1964). “Duality Principles in the Theory of Cost and Production”. IER; V.5-#?, pp. 216-220.
-A.D. Woodland (1982). “Producer and Consumer Theory: A Duality Approach”. Chapter 2 of International Trade and Resource Allocation. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 15-38.
-P. Samuelson (1983). “Duality and Dynamic Programming”. Appendix C-3 in Foundations of Economic Analysis [enlarged edition]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 453-495.
-W. Diewert (1982). “Duality Approaches to Microeconomic Theory”. in K. Arrow and M. Intriligator, eds. Handbook of Mathematical Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, V.2, pp. 535-599.
-R. Cornes (1992). Duality and Modern Economics. Cambridge: CUP.
-C. Blackorby, D. Primont and R. Russell (1978). Duality, Separability and Functional Structure: Theory and Economic Applications. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
G. Optimal Control Theory and Dynamic Programming
-D. Léonard (1992). Optimal Control Theory and Static Optimization in Economics. Cambridge: CUP.
-M. Kamien and N. Schwartz (1981). Dynamic Optimization: The Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control in Economics and Management. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-A. Seierstad and K. Sydsæter (1987). Optimal Control Theory with Economic Applications. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-M. Harris (1987). Dynamic Economic Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
-P. Whittle (1982). Optimization over Time: Dynamic Programming and Stochastic Control. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
-N. Stokey and R. Lucas, with E. Prescott (1989). Recursive Methods in Economic Dynamics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
-L. Ljunqvist and T. Sargent (2000). Recursive Macroeconomic Theory. Cambridge: MIT Press.
II. CLASSICAL MODELS OF GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM AND TRADE
A. Structure of Classical Models
1. Surveys/Overviews
-V. Walsh and H. Gram (1980). Classical and Neoclassical Theories of General Equilibrium: Historical Origins and Mathematical Structure. Oxford: OUP.
-L. Pasinetti (1977). Lectures on the Theory of Production. New York: Columbia University Press.
2. Adam Smith and the Canonical Classical Model
-A. Smith (1776). An Inquiry into the Nautre and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. New York: Modern Library.
-S. Hollander (1973). The Economics of Adam Smith. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
-P. Samuelson (1977). “A Modern Theorist's Vindication of Adam Smith”. AER; V.67-#1, pp. 42-49.
-P. Samuelson (1978). “The Canonical Classical Model of Political Economy”. JEL; 16-#4, pp. 1415-1434.
-E. Sieper (1983). “Smith, Ricardo and the Bounty on Corn”. ms.: Australian National University.
a. Ricardian Models of General Equilibrium
-D. Ricardo (1821). The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Cambridge: CUP.
-F. Knight (1935). “The Ricardian Theory of Production and Distribution”. CJEPS; V.1-#?, pp. 3-25 and 171-196.
-G. Stigler (1952). “The Ricardian Theory of Value and Distribution”. JPE; V.60-#?, pp. 187-207.
-P. Samuelson (1959). “A Modern Treatment of the Ricardian Economy: I. The Pricing of Goods and of Labor and Land Services”. QJE; V.73-#1, pp. 1-35.
-P. Samuelson (1959). “A Modern Treatment of the Ricardian Economy: II. Capital and Interest Aspects of the Pricing Process”. QJE; V.73-#?, pp. 217-231.
-L. Pasinetti (1960). “A Mathematical Formulation of the Ricardian System”. REStud; V.27-#?, pp. 78-98.
-R. Findlay (1974). “Relative Prices, Growth and Trade in a Simple Ricardian System”. Eca; V.41-#?, pp. 1-13.
-A. Burgstaller (1986). “Unifying Ricardo’s Theories of Growth and Compaative Advantage”. Eca; V.53-#4, pp. 467-481.
-A. Burgstaller (1989). “A Classical Model of Growth, Expectations and General Equilibrium”. Eca; V.56-#?, pp. 373-393.
-J. Hicks and S. Hollander (1977). “Mr. Ricardo and the Moderns”. QJE; V.?-#?, pp. 351-369.
-S. Hollander (1979). The Economics of David Ricardo. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
-C. Casarosa (1978). “A New Formulation of the Ricardian System”. OEP; V.?-#?, pp. 38-63. (Comment by Hicks (1979) pp. 133-134)
-G. Caravale and D. Tosato (1980). Ricardo and The Theory of Value, Distribution and Growth. London: RKP.
-G. Caravale, ed. (1985). The Legacy of Ricardo. Oxford: Blackwell.
-M. Morishima (1989). Ricardo's Economics: A General Equilibrium Theory of Distribution and Growth. Cambridge: CUP.
b. Activity Analysis and the Ricardo-Leontief-Samuelson Model
-T. Koopmans (1951). “Analysis of Production as an Efficient Combination of Activities”. in T. Koopmans, ed. Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. New York: Wiley, pp. 33-97.
-N. Georgescu-Roegen (1951). “Some Properties of a Generalized Leontief Model”. in T. Koopmans, ed. Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. New York: Wiley, pp. 165-173.
-N. Georgescu-Roegen (1950). “Leontief's System in the Light of Recent Results”. REStat; V.32-#?, pp. 214-222.
-L. Metzler (1951). “Taxes and Subsidies in Leontief's Input-Output Model”. QJE; V.65-#?, pp. 433-438.
-R. Dorfman, P. Samuelson and R. Solow (1958). “The Statical Leontief System”. Chapters 9 and 10 in Linear Programming and Economic Analysis. New York: McGraw Hill, pp. 204-264.
-J. Melvin (1970). “The Production Set When Labor is Indispensable”. IER; V.11-#2, pp. 305-314. (Comment by Georgescu-Roegen follows, pp. 315-317.
-K. Suzumura (1973). “Boundedness of the Closed Economy with Samuelson-Leontief Technology”. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics; V.13-#2, pp. 43-46.
-K. Arrow and D. Starrett (1973). “Cost-theoretical and Demand-theoretical Approaches to the Theory of Price Determination”. in J. Hicks and W. Weber, eds. Carl Menger and the Austrian School of Economics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 129-148.
-A. Villar (2003). “The Generalized Linear Production Model: Solvability, Nonsubstitution, and Productivity Measurement”. Advances in Economic Theory; V.3-#1, article 1.
-P. Samuelson (1951). “Abstract of a Theorem Concerning Substitutability in Open Leontief Models”. in T. Koopmans, ed. Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. New York: Wiley, pp. 142-146.
-T. Koopmans (1951). “Alternative Proof of the Substitution Theorem for Leontief Models in the the Case of Three Industries”. in T. Koopmans, ed. Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. New York: Wiley, pp. 147-154.
-K. Arrow (1951). “Alternative Proof of the Substitution Theorem for Leontief Models in the General Case”. in T. Koopmans, ed. Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. New York: Wiley, pp. 155-164.
-P. Samuelson (1961). “A New Theorem on Nonsubstitution”. in H. Hegeland, ed. Money, Growth and Methodology. Lind: C.W.K. Gleerup, pp. 407-453.
-E. Burmeister and E. Sheshinski (1969). “A Nonsubstitution Theorem in a Model with Fixed Capital”. SEJ;
-J. Mirlees (1969). “The Dynamic Nonsubstitution Theorem”. REStud; V.36-#1, pp. 67-76.
-J. Stiglitz (1970). “Non-substitution Theorems with Durable Capital Goods”. REStud; V.27-#?, pp. 543-553.
-L. Johansen (1972). “Simple and General Nonsubstitution Theorems for Input-Output Models”. JET; V.5-#?, pp. 383-394.
-P. Chander (1974). “A Simple Proof of the Nonsubstitution Theorem”. QJE; V.88-#?, pp. 698-701.
-J. Melvin (1969). “Intermediate Goods in Production Theory: The Differentiable Case”. REStud; V.36-#1, pp. 124-131.
-J. Melvin (1974). “Samuelson's Substitution Theorem with Cobb-Douglas Production Functions”. Australian Economic Papers; V.13-#?, pp. 43-51.
-Y. Otani (1973). “Neo-Classical Technology Sets and Properties of Production Possibility Sets”. Etrica; V.41-#4, pp. 667-682.
-R. Manning (1981). “A Nonsubstitution Theorem with Many Primary Factors”. JET; V.25-#?, pp. 442-449.
-R. Manning (1982). “Nonsubstitution Over the Production-Possibility Frontier”. in M. Kemp, ed. Production Sets. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 51-67.
-R. Manning, J. Markusen and J. Melvin (1993). “Dynamic Nonsubstitution and Long-run Production Possibilities”. in H. Herberg and N.V. Long, eds., Trade, Welfare and Economic Policies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 51-66.
a. The Structure of Marxian Economic Models
-D. Foley (1986). Understanding Capital: Marx's Economic Theory. Cambridge: CUP.
-P. Samuelson (1957). “Wages and Interest: A Modern Dissection of Marxian Economic Models”. AER; V.47-#5, pp. 884-912.
-M. Morishima (1973). Marx's Economics: A Dual Theory of Value and Growth. Cambridge: CUP.
-M. Morishima (1974). “Marx in the Light of Modern Economic Theory”. Etrica; V.42-#?, pp. 611-632.
-P. Samuelson (1974). “Marx as Mathematical Economist: Steady-State and Exponential Growth Equilibrium”. in G. Horwich and P. Samuelson, eds. Trade, Stability and Macroeconomics. New York: Academic Press, pp. 269-307.
-I. Steedman (1977). Marx after Sraffa. London: New Left Books.
-P. Samuelson (1983). “Leontief-Sraffa-Marx Input-Output Systems”. Appendix C-9 in Foundations of Economic Analysis (enlarged edition). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 561-584.
-J. Roemer (1981). Analytical Foundations of Marxian Economic Theory. Cambridge: CUP.
b. The Transformation Problem and Exploitation
-P. Samuelson (1971). “Understanding the Marxian Notion of Exploitation: A Summary of the So-Called Transformation Problem between Marxian Prices and Competitive Prices”. JEL; V.9-#2, pp. 399-431.
-M. Morishima and G. Catephores (1978). Value, Exploitation and Growth. New York: McGraw Hill.
-A. Lipietz (1982). “The `So-Called Transformation Problem` Revisited”. JET; V.26-#?, pp. 59-88.
-D. Foley (1982). “The Value of Money, The Value of Labor Power, and the Marxian Transformation Problem”. Review of Radical Political Economy; V.14-#2, pp. 37-47.
-J. Roemer (1982). A General Theory of Exploitation and Class. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
c. Falling Rate of Profit and Economic Crisis
-N. Okishio (1961). “Technical Changes and the Rate of Profit”. Kobe University Economic Review; V.7-#?, pp. 85-99.
-N. Okishio (1963). “A Mathematical Note on Marxian Theorems”. WA; V.91-#2, pp. 287-299.
-N. Okishio (1977). “Notes on Technical Progress and Capitalist Society”. Cambridge Journal of Economics; V.?-#?, pp. 93-100.
-J. Roemer (1977). “Technical Change and the ‘Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall’”. JET; V.16-#2, pp. 403-424.
-J. Roemer (1978). “The Effect of Technological Change on the Real Wage and Marx's Falling Rate of Profit”. Australian Economic Papers; V.?-#?, pp. 152-166.
-J. Roemer (1979). “Continuing Controversey on the Falling Rate of Profit: Fixed Capital and Other Issues”. Cambridge Journal of Economics; V.3-#?, pp. 379-398.
-S. Bowles (1981). “Technical Change and the Profit Rate: A Simple Proof of the Okishio Theorem”. Cambridge Journal of Economics; V.5-#1, pp. 183-186.
-W. Nordhaus (1974). “The Falling Share of Profits”. BPEA; #1, pp. 169-208.
-M. Feldstein and L. Summers (1977). “Is the Rate of Profit Falling?”. BPEA; #1, pp. 211-227.
-T. Weisskopf (1979). “Marxian Crisis Theory and the Rate of Profit in the Postwar US Economy”. Cambridge Journal of Economics; V.3-#4, pp. 341-378. (Comment by F. Munley (1981), V.5-#2, pp. 159-173 and Response, pp. 175-182).
-E. Wolff (1979). “The Rate of Surplus Value, the Organic Composition, and the General Rate of Profit in the US Economy, 1947-1967". AER; V.69-#3, pp. 329-341.
a. Neo-Ricardian General Equilibrium
-L. Mainwaring (1984). Value and Distribution in Capitalist Economies: An Introduction to Sraffian Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-P. Sraffa (1960). Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-G. Harcourt (1972). “Mr. Sraffa's Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities”. Appendix to Chapter 4 in Some Cambridge Controversies in the Theory of Capital. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 177-204.
-P. Garegnani (1970). “Heterogeneous Capital, The Production Function and the Theory of Distribution”. REStud; V.37-#3, pp. 407-436.
-L. Pasinetti (1974). Growth and Income Distribution. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.
-L. Pasinetti (1981). Structural Change and Economic Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-W. Darity (1981). “The Simple Analytics of Neo-Ricardian Growth and Distribution”. AER; V.71-#5, pp. 978-993.
-J. Blatt (1984). Dynamic Economic Systems: A Post-Keynesian Approach. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
-M. Blaug (1975). The Cambridge Revolution: Success or Failure? London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
-A. Dixit (1977). “The Accumulation of Capital Theory”. OEP; V.29-#1, pp. 1-29.
-D. Levhari (1965). “A Nonsubstitution Theorem and Switching of Techniques”. QJE; V.79-#?, pp. 98-105.
-L. Pasinetti (1966). “Changes in the Rate of Profit and Switches of Technique”. QJE; V.80-#?, pp. 503-517.
-D. Levhari and P. Samuelson (1966). “The Nonswitching Theorem is False”. QJE; V.80-#?, pp. 518-519.
-M. Morishima (1966). “Refutation of the Nonswitching Theorem”. QJE; V.80-#?, pp. 520-525.
-M. Bruno, E. Burmeister and E. Sheshinski (1966). “The Nature and Implications of the Reswitching of Techniques”. QJE; V.80-#?, pp. 526-553.
-P. Garegnani (1966). “Switching of Techniques”. QJE; V.80-#?, pp. 555-567.
-P. Samuelson (1966). “A Summing Up”. QJE; V.80-#?, pp. 568-583.
-K. Bharadwaj (1970). “On the Maximum Number of Switches between Two Production Systems”. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik; V.?-#?, pp. 409-429.
-G. Harcourt (1972). “A Child's Guide to the Double-Switching Debate”. Chapter 4 of Some Cambridge Controversies in the Theory of Capital. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 118-176.
-J. Metcalfe and I. Steedman (1972). “Reswitching and Primary Input Use”. EJ; V.82-#?, pp. 140-157.
B. Classical Models of International Trade
1. Overviews
-J. Chipman (1965). “A Survey of the Theory of International Trade: Part 1, The Classical Theory”.Etrica; V.33-#3, pp. 477-519.
-M. Chacholiades (1973). “The Classical Theory”. Part II of The Pure Theory of International Trade. Chicago: Aldine.
-G. Gandolfo (1987). “The Classical (Ricardo-Torrens) Theory of Comparative Costs”. Chapter 2 of International Economics, I: The Pure Theory of International Trade. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 7-32.
-A. Takayama (1971). “The Classical Theory of Comparative Advantage and Its Modern Developments”. Part II of International Trade: An Approach to the Theory. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
2. The Basic Ricardian Analysis of International Trade
-D. Ricardo (1821). “On Foreign Trade”. Chapter 7 of The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Cambridge: CUP.
-J.S. Mill (1917). “International Values”. Book III, Chapter xviii, Principles of Political Economy. London: Longmans.
-E.S. Mason (1926). “The Doctrine of Comparative Costs”. QJE; V.41-#?, pp. 63-93.
-J. Bhagwati (1967). “The Proofs of the Theorems on Comparative Advantage”. EJ; V.77-#?, pp. 75-83.
-J. Melvin (1969). “Mill's Law of International Value”. SEJ; V.36-#?, pp.
-M. Harwitz (1972). “A Note on Professor Chipman's Version of Mill's Law of International Value”. JIE; V.2-#?, pp. 181-188.
-A. Ray (1977). “Gains from Trade and the Size of a Country”. JIE; V.7-#?, pp. 67-71.
-W. Ethier and A. Ray (1979). “Gains from Trade and the Size of a Country, II”. JIE; V.9-#?, pp. 127-129.
-J.M. Hartwick (1979). “Distribution of World Income in the Ricardo-Mill Model of International Trade”. JIE; V.9-#?, pp. 117-126.
-R. Jones (1979). “Technical Progress and Real Incomes in a Ricardian Trade Model”. Chapter 17 of International Trade: Essays in Theory. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-R. Jones (1980). “Demand Behavior and the Theory of International Trade”. in J. Chipman and C. Kindleberger, eds. Flexible Exchange Rates and the Balance of Payments. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 321-340.
-H. Myint (1977). “Adam Smith’s Theory of International Trade in the Perspective of Economic Development”. Eca; V.44-#?, pp. 231-248.
-T. Negishi (1982). “The Labor Theory Value in the Ricardian Theory of International Trade”. History of Political Economy; V.14-#?, pp. 199-10.
-A. Maneschi (1983). “Dynamic Aspects of Ricardo’s International Trade Theory”. OEP; V.35-#?, pp. 67-80.
-A. Deardorff (1980). “The General Validity of the Law of Comparative Advantage”. JPE; V.88-#?, pp. 941-957.
-R. Jones (1980). “Comparative and Absolute Advantage”. Schweiz. Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik; V.116-#3, pp. 235-259.
-S. Rosen (1978). “Substitution and the Division of Labor”. Eca; V.45-#?, pp. 389-402.
-G. MacDonald and J. Markusen (1985). “A Rehabilitation of Absolute Advantage”. JPE; V.93-#2, pp. 277-297.
-R. Ruffin (1988). “The Missing Link: The Ricardian Approach to the Factor Endowments Theory of Trade”. AER; V.78-#4, pp. 759-772.
-R. Ruffin (1990). “The Ricardian Factor Endowment Theory of Trade”. IEJ;
-R. Ruffin (1992). “First- and Second-Best Factor Comparative Advantages and International Trade”. Eca; V.59-#4, pp. 453-563.
-R. Ruffin (1993). “Job Market Preferences and International Trade”. in W. Ethier, E. Helpman and J.P. Neary, eds. Theory, Policy and Dynamics in International Trade. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 75-90.
3. Frank Graham's Theory of International Values
-F. Graham (1923). “The Theory of International Values Reexamined”. QJE; V.38-#1, pp. 54-86.
-F. Graham (1932). “The Theory of International Values”. QJE; V.46-#4, pp. 581-616.
-F. Graham (1948). The Theory of International Values. Princeton: PUP.
-L. Metzler (1950). “Graham's Theory of International Values”. AER; V.40-#3, pp. 301-322.
-G. Elliott (1950). “The Theory of International Values”. JPE; V.58-#1, pp. 16-30.
-G. Becker (1952). “A Note on Multi-Country Trade”. AER; V.42-#4, pp. 558-568.
-T. Whitin (1953). “Classical Theory, Graham's Theory and Linear Programming in International Trade”. QJE; V.67-#?, pp. 520-544.
-L. McKenzie (1954). “On Equilibrium in Graham's Model of World Trade and Other Competitive Systems”. Etrica; V.22-#2, pp. 147-161.
4. Activity Analysis and the Ricardo-Graham Model of International Trade
-W. Leontief (1946). “Exports, Imports, Domestic Output and Employment”. QJE; V.60-#?, pp. 171-193.
-S. Reiter (1953). “Trade Barriers in Activity Analysis”. REStud; V.20-#3, pp. 174-180.
-L. McKenzie (1954). “Specialization and Efficiency in World Production”. REStud; V.21-#3, pp. 165-180.
-L. McKenzie (1955). “Specialization in Production and the Production Possibility Locus”. REStud; V.23-#1, pp. 56-64.
-R. Jones (1961). “Comparative Advantage and the Theory of Tariffs: A Multi-Country, Multi-Commodity Model”. REStud; V.28-#3, pp. 161-175.
-A. Amano (1966). “Intermediate Goods and the Theory of Comparative Advantage: A Two Country, Three Commodity Case”. WA; V.96-#2, pp. 340-345.
-H. Kuhn (1968). “Lectures on Mathematical Economics”. in G. Dantzig and A. Veinott, eds. Mathematics of the Decision Sciences (V. II). Providence: American Mathematical Society, pp. 49-84 (esp. lectures 3 and 4).
-R. Jones (1985). “Ricardo-Graham World Transformation Surfaces”. Osaka City University Economic Review; #20, pp. 27-33. [Comment by Minabe follows]
-R. McKinnon (1966). “Intermediate Products and Differential Tariffs: A Generalization of Lerner's Symmetry Theorem”. QJE; V.80-#4, pp. 584-615.
-J. Melvin (1969). “Intermediate Goods, The Production Possibility Curve, and Gains From Trade”. QJE; V.83-#?, pp. 140-151.
-H. Houthaker (1976). “The Calculation of Bilateral Trade Patterns in a Ricardian Model with Intermediate Products and Barriers to Trade”. JIE; V.6-#?, pp. 251-288.
5. The Continuum of Goods Model
-R. Dornbusch, S. Fischer and P. Samuelson (1977). “Comparative Advantage, Trade and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods”. AER; V.67-#5, pp. 823-839.
-C. Wilson (1980). “On the General Structure of Ricardian Models with a Continuum of Goods: Applications to Growth, Tariff Theory, and Technical Change”. Etrica; V.48-#7, pp. 1675-1702.
-S. Collins (1985). “Technical Progress in a Three-Country Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods”. JIE; V.19-#?, pp. 171-179.
-M. Itoh and K. Kiyono (1987). “Welfare-Enhancing Export Subsidies”. JPE; V.95-#1, pp. 115-137.
-J. Gaisford (1991). “Asymmetric Effects of Endowment Changes on Foreign Investment in Source and Host Countries”. CJE; V.24-#4, pp. 940-957.
6. International Trade in Neo-Ricardian Models
a. Overviews
-I. Steedman (1979). Trade Amongst Growing Economies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-A. Dixit (1981). “The Export of Capital Theory”. JIE; V.11-#?, pp. 279-294.
-I. Steedman (1999). “Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities and the Open Economy”. Metroeconomica; V.50-#3, pp. 260-276.
b. Factor-Price Equalization with Heterogeneous Capital
-P. Samuelson (1965). “Equalization by Trade of the Interest Rate Along with the Real Wage”. in R. Baldwin, et al. eds. Trade, Balance of Payments and Growth. Chicago: Rand McNally, pp. 35-52.
-I. Steedman and J. Metcalfe (1973). “The Non-Substitution Theorem and International Trade Theory”. Australian Economic Papers; V.12-#?, pp. 267-269.
-L. Mainwaring (1976). “Relative Prices and “Factor Price” Equalization in a Heterogeneous Capital Goods Model”. Australian Economic Papers; V.12-#?, pp. 109-118.
-E. Burmeister (1978). “An Interest Rate and Factor Price Equalization Theorem with Non-Traded Commodities”. JIE; V.8-#?, pp. 1-9.
-L. Mainwaring (1978). “The Interest Rate Equalization Theorem with Non-Traded Goods”. JIE; V.8-#?, pp. 11-19.
-P. Samuelson (1978). “Interest Rate Equalization and Non-Equalization by Trade in Leontief-Sraffa Models”. JIE; V.8-#?, pp. 21-27.
c. Theorems on Trade with Heterogeneous Capital
-K. Acheson (1970). “The Aggregation of Heterogeneous Capital Goods and Various Trade Theorems”. JPE; V.78-#2, pp. 565-571.
-J. Metcalfe and I. Steedman (1972). “Heterogeneous Capital and the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Theory of Trade”. in J. Parkin and A. Nobay, eds. Essays in Modern Economics. London: Longman, pp. 50-60.
-P. Samuelson (1975). “Trade Pattern Reversals in Time-Phased Ricardian Systems and Intertemporal Efficiency”. JIE; V.5-#?, pp. 309-363.
-I. Steedman and J. Metcalfe (1977). “Reswitching, Primary Inputs and the HOS Theory of Trade”. JIE; V.7-#?, pp. 201-208.
-M. Kemp (1973). “Heterogeneous Capital Goods and Long-Run Stolper-Samuelson Theorems”. Australian Economic Papers; V.12-#?, pp. 253-260.
-M. Kemp and C. Khang (1974). “A Note on Steady-State Price:Output Relationships”. JIE; V.4-#2, pp. 187-197.
-W. Ethier (1979). “The Theorems of International Trade in Time-Phased Economies”. JIE; V.9-#?, pp. 225-238. (Comment by Metcalfe and Steedman, and Response. JIE, V.11-#?, pp. 267-277)
-I. Steedman and J. Metcalfe (1973). “'On Foreign Trade'”. Economia Internazionale; reprinted in I. Steedman, ed. Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory. New York: St. Martins, pp. 99-109.
-J. Metcalfe and I. Steedman (1974). “A Note on the Gain From Trade”. EcRec; V.50-#?, pp. 581-595.
-L. Mainwaring (1974). “A Neo-Ricardian Analysis of International Trade”. KYKLOS; V.27-#?, pp. 537-553.
-P. Samuelson (1978). “Free Trade's Intertemporal Pareto-Optimality”. JIE; V.8-#?, pp. 147-149.
-M.A.M. Smith (1979). “Intertemporal Gains from Trade”. JIE; V.9-#?, pp. 239-248.
-L. Mainwaring (1979). “On the Transition from Autarky to Trade”. in I. Steedman, ed. Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory. New York: St. Martins, pp. 131-141.
e. Distribution, Growth and Trade in a Neo-Ricardian World
-I. Steedman (1979). “The von Neumann Analysis and the Small Open Economy”. in I. Steedman, ed. Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory. New York: St. Martins, pp. 142-158.
-S. Parinello (1979). “Distribution, Growth and International Trade”. in I. Steedman, ed. Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory. New York: St. Martins, pp. 159-187.
-J. Metcalfe and I. Steedman (1979). “Growth and Distribution in an Open Economy”. in I. Steedman, ed. Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory. New York: St. Martins, pp. 201-227.
7. International Trade in Marxian and Neo-Marxian Models
-A. Emmanuel (1972). Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade. New York: Monthly Review.
-S. Amin (1974). Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment. New York: Monthly Review.
-S. Amin (1977). Imperialism and Unequal Development. New York: Monthly Review.
-G. Arrighi (1978). The Geometry of Imperialism. London: New Left Books.
-A. Shaikh (1979). “Foreign Trade and the Law of Value”. Science and Society; V.43-#3, pp. 281-302; (1980) V.44-#1, pp.
-A. Shaikh (1980). “The Laws of International Exchange”. in E. Nell, ed. Growth, Profits and Prosperity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 204-235.
-J. Roemer (1983). “Unequal Exchange, Labor Migration, and International Capital Flows: A Theoretical Synthesis”. in P. Desai, ed. Marxism, Central Planning, and the Soviet Economy. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 34-60.
-D. Schweickart (1991). “The Politics and Morality of Unequal Exchange”. Economics and Philosophy; V.7-#1, pp.
-D. Evans (1975). “Unequal Exchange and Economic Policies: Some Implications of the Neo-Ricardian Critique of the Theory of Comparative Advantage”. in I. Livingstone, ed. Development Economics and Policy: Readings. London: Allen and Unwin.
-P. Samuelson (1976). “The Illogic of the Neo-Marxian Doctrine of Unequal Exchange”. in D. Belsley, et al., eds. Inflation, Trade and Taxes. Columbus: Ohio University Press.
-A. DeJanvry and F. Kramer (1979). “The Limits of Unequal Exchange”. Review of Radical Political Economics; V.11-#4, pp. 3-15.
-B. Gibson (1980). “Unequal Exchange: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Findings”. Review of Radical Political Economics; V.12-#3, pp. 15-35.
-L. Mainwaring (1980). “International Trade and the Transfer of Labour Values”. Journal of Development Studies; V.17-#1, pp. 22-31.
-R. Sau (1984). Underdeveloped Capitalism and the General Law of Value. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press.
-E. Bacha (1978). “An Interpretation of Unequal Exchange from Prebisch-Singer to Emmanuel”. JDevE; V.5-#4, pp. 319-330.
-P. Krugman (1981). “Trade, Accumulation and Uneven Development”. JDevE; V.8-#?, pp. 149-161.
-D. Evans (1984). “A Critical Assessment of Some Neo-Marxian Trade Theories”. Journal of Development Studies; V.20-#2, pp. 202-226.
-A.K. Dutt (1986). “Vertical Trading and Uneven Development”. JDevE; V.20-#?, pp. 339-359.
-A.K. Dutt (1988). “Monopoly Power and Uneven Development: Baran Revisited”. Journal of Development Studies; V.24-#2, pp. 161-176.
-S. Barrientos (1990). “The Classical Foundations of Unequal Exchange: A Critical Analysis”. British Review of Economic Issues; V.13-#29, pp. 61-86.
C. Testing the Classical Model
-G.D.A. MacDougall (1951). “British and American Exports: A Study Suggested by the Theory of Comparative Costs, I”. EJ; V.61-#244, pp. 697-724.
-G.D.A. MacDougall (1952). “British and American Exports: A Study Suggested by the Theory of Comparative Costs, II”. EJ; V.62-#247, pp. 487-521.
-A. Harberger (1957). “Some Evidence on the International Price Mechanism”. JPE; V.65-#6, pp. 506-521.
-R. Stern (1962). “British and American Productivity and Comparative Costs in International Trade”. OEP; V.14-#?, pp. 275-296. (comment by MacDougall, et al. follows)
-B. Balassa (1963). “An Empirical Demonstration of Classical Comparative Cost Theory”. REStat; V.45-#?, pp. 231-238.
-A.Y.C. Koo (1967). “Competition of American and Japanese Textiles in the World Market: An Empirical Test of the Theory of Comparative Cost”. in Essays in Mathematical Economics in Honor of Oskar Morgenstern. Princeton: PUP, pp. 299-312.
-J. Bhagwati (1969). “The Pure Theory of International Trade”. in J. Bhagwati, Trade, Tariffs and Growth. Cambridge: MIT, pp. 3-122. [Discussion of empirical tests on the Ricardian model, including original results, see pp. 7-23.]
-D.J. Daly (1972). “Uses of International Price and Output Data”. in D.J. Daly, ed. International Comparisons of Prices and Output. New York: Columbia University Press/NBER, pp. 85-123. [esp. pp. 96-103, and response by Balassa (123-131) and Bhagwati (131-137)]
-M. Kreinin (1969). “The Theory of Comparative Cost: Further Evidence”. Economia Internazionale; V.22-#?, pp. 662-674.
-H. Glejser (1972). “Empirical Evidence on Comparative Cost Theory from the European Common Market Experience”. EER; V.3-#?, pp. 247-258.
-J. McGilvray and D. Simpson (1973). “The Commodity Structure of Anglo-Irish Trade”. REStat;; V.55-#?, pp. 451-458.
-S. Golub (1994). “Comparative Advantage, Exchange Rates, and Sectoral Trade Balances of Major Industrial Countries”. IMFSP; V.41-#2, pp. 286-313.
-C. Noussair, C. Plott, and R. Riezman (1995). “An Experimental Investigation of the Patterns of International Trade”. AER; V.85-#3, pp. 462-491.
-P. Hooper and K. Larin (1989). “International Comparisons of Labor Costs in Manufacturing”. Review of Income and Wealth; V.35-#?, pp. 335-355.
III. NEOCLASSICAL MODELS OF GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM AND TRADE
A. Structure of the Neoclasscial Model
1. Background
a. Some Classical References
-W.S. Jevons (1871). The Theory of Political Economy. London: Macmillan.
-C. Menger (1871). Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre. Vienna: Braumüller. Translation (1950): Principles of Economics. Glencoe: Irwin.
-L. Walras (1874/1974). Eléments d'Economie Politique Pure. trans. Elements of Pure Economics. London: Allen and Unwin.
-F.Y. Edgeworth (1881/1991). Mathematical Psychics. London: Kegan Paul.
-G. Cassel (1932). The Theory of Social Economy. New York: Harcourt Brace.
-A. Wald (1934/1968). “On the Unique Non-negative Solvability of the New Production Equations, Part I”. Translation in W. Baumol and S. Glodfeld, eds. Precursors in Mathematical Economics. London: LSE, pp. 281-288.
-A. Wald (1935/1968). “On the Production Equations of Economic Value Theory, Part II”. Translation in W. Baumol and S. Glodfeld, eds. Precursors in Mathematical Economics. London: LSE, pp. 289-293.
-A. Wald (1936/1951). “On Some Systems of Equations of Mathematical Economics”. Translation in Econometrica; V.19-#?, pp. 368-403.
-J. von Neumann (1936/1945/6). “A Model of General Economic Equilibrium”. Translation in Review of Economic Studies; V.13-#1, pp. 1-9.
-J. Hicks (1939). Value and Capital: An Inquiry into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (second edition 1946)
-P. Samuelson (1947). Foundations of Economic Analysis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Enlarged edition, 1983)
-G. Debreu (1959). Theory of Value. New York: Wiley.
-W. Hildenbrand (1983). “Introduction”. to Mathematical Economics: Twenty Papers of Gerard Debreu. Cambridge: CUP/Econometric Society Monograph, pp. 1-29.
-D. Duffie and H. Sonnenschein (1989). “Arrow and General Equilibrium Theory”. JEL; V.28-#2, pp. 565-598.
b. Textbook treatments of GE Theory
-P. Newman (1965). The Theory of Exchange. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
-J. Quirk and R. Saposnik (1968). Introduction to General Equilibrium Theory and Welfare Economics. New York: McGraw Hill.
-C. Ferguson (1969). The Neoclassical Theory of Production and Distribution. Cambridge: CUP.
-W. Hildenbrand and A. Kirman (1988). Equilibrium Analysis: Variations on Themes by Edgeworth and Walras. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-D. Campbell (1987). Resource Allocation Mechanisms. Cambridge: CUP.
-R. Starr (1997). General Equilibrium Theory: An Introduction. Cambridge: CUP.
-B. Ellickson (1993). Competitive Equilibrium: Theory and Applications. Cambridge: CUP.
-T. Rader (1972). Theory of General Equilibrium. New York: Academic Press.
-C. Aliprantis, D. Brown, and O. Burkinshaw (1990). Existence and Optimality of Competitive Equilibrium. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
-C. Aliprantis (1996). Problems in Equilibrium Theory. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
-K. Arrow and F. Hahn (1971). General Competitive Analysis. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-L. McKenzie (2002). Classical General Equilibrium Theory. Cambridge: MIT Press.
-A. Kirman, ed. (1998). Elements of General Equilibrium Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.
c. History and Philosophy of GE Modeling
(1) Reflections of Major Contributors
-P. Samuelson (1952). “Economic Theory and Mathematics: An Appraisal”. AER; V.42-#2, pp. 56-66.
-W. Leontief (1954). “Mathematics in Economics”. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society (Gibbs Lecture); V.60-#3, pp. [also cptr 3 in Leontief, Essays in Economics: Theories, Theorizing, Facts, and Policies. New Brunswick: Transaction Press, pp. 22-44.]
-W. Leontief (1971). “Theoretical Assumptions and Nonobserved Facts”. American Economic Review; V.61-#1, pp. 1-7.
-T. Koopmans (1957). Three Essays on the State of Economic Science. New York: McGraw-Hill.
-P. Suppes (1960). “A Comparison of the Meaning and Uses of Models in Mathematics and the Empirical Sciences”. Synthese; V.12-#?, pp. 287-301.
-N. Kaldor (1972). “The Irrelevance of Equilibrium Economics”. Economic Journal; V.82-#328, pp. 1237-1255. [also Chapter 15 in The Essential Kaldor. 1989, London: Duckworth.]
-N. Kaldor (1975). “What is Wrong with Economic Theory?”. Quarterly Journal of Economics; V.89-#4, pp. 347-357. [also Chapter 16 in The Essential Kaldor. 1989, London: Duckworth.]
-K. Arrow (1973). “General Economic Equilibrium: Purpose, Analytic Techniques, Collective Choice”. Nobel Lecture. [reproduced in K. Arrow (1983). Collected Papers, V.2: General Equilibrium. Boston: Harvard University Press, pp. 199-226.]
-F. Hahn (1974). “On the Notion of Equilibrium in Economics”. Cambridge: CUP. [reproduced in Hahn, ed. (1984). Equilibrium and Macroeconomics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 43-71.]
-F. Hahn (1981). “General Equilibrium Theory”. in D. Bell and I. Kristol, eds. The Crisis in Economic Theory. New York: Basic Books. [reproduced in Hahn, ed. (1984). Equilibrium and Macroeconomics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 72-87.]
-F. Hahn (1982). “Reflections on the Invisible Hand”. Lloyds Bank Review; April, pp. 1-21. [reproduced in Hahn, ed. (1984). Equilibrium and Macroeconomics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 111-133.]
-G. Debreu (1984). “Economic Theory in the Mathematical Mode”. AER; V.74-#3, pp. 267-278.
-G. Debreu (1986). “Theoretic Models: Mathematical Formalism and Economic Content”. Etrica; V.54-#6, pp. 1259-1270.
-G. Debreu (1991). “The Mathematicization of Economic Theory”. AER; V.81-#1, pp. 1-7.
-R. Townsend (1988). “Markets as Economies”. EJ; V.98-#390, pp. 1-24.
-A. Kirman (1989). “The Intrinsic Limits of Modern Economic Theory: The Emperor Has No Clothes”. EJ; V.99-Conference, pp. 126-139.
(2) Positivist/Neo-Positivist Perspectives and Critiques
-M. Friedman (1953). “The Methodology of Positive Economics”. in M. Friedman, ed. Essays in Positive Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 3-43.
-E. Nagel (1963). “Assumptions in Economic Theory”. AER; V.53-#2, pp. 211-219.
-P. Samuelson (1963). “Problems of Methodology–Discussion”. AER; V.53-#2, pp. 231-236.
-F. Machlup (1964). “Professor Samuelson on Theory and Realism”. AER; V.54-#5, pp. 733-736.
-P. Samuelson (1964). “Theory and Realism: A Reply”. AER; V.54-#5, pp. 736-739.
-G. Massey (1965). “Professor Samuelson on Theory and Realism: Comment”. AER; V.55-#5, pp. 1155-1164.
-P. Samuelson (1965). “Professor Samuelson on Theory and Realism: Reply”. AER; V.55-#5, pp. 1164-1172.
-S. Wong (1973). “The ‘F-Twist’ and the Methodology of Paul Samuelson”. AER; V.63-#3, pp. 313-325.
-L. Boland (1979). “A Critique of Friedman’s Critics”. JEL, V.17-#2, pp. 503-522.
-B. Caldwell (1980). “A Critique of Friedman’s Methodological Instrumentalism”. SEJ; V.?-#?, pp. 366-374.
-A. Musgrave (1981). “‘Unreal Assumptions’ in Economic Theory: The F-Twist Untwisted”. KYKLOS; V.34-#3, pp. 377-387.
-A. Coddington (1975). “The Rationale of General Equilibrium”. Economic Inquiry; V.13-#4, pp. 539-558.
-A. Gibbard and H. Varian (1978). “Economic Models”. Journal of Philosophy; V.75-#11, pp. 664-677.
-E. Green (1981). “On the Role of Fundamental Theory in Positive Economics”. in J.C. Pitt, ed. Philosophy in Economics. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, pp. 5-15.
-D. Hausman (1981). “Are General Equilibrium Theories Explanatory?”. in J.C. Pitt, ed. Philosophy in Economics. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, pp. 17-32.
-A. Rosenberg (1983). “If Economics Isn’t Science, What is It?”. Philosophical Forum; V.9-#?, pp. 509-529.
-D.W. Hands (1984). “What Economics is Not: An Economist’s Response to Rosenberg”. Philosophy of Science; V.51-#3, pp. 495-503. [Response by Rosenberg, 1986, V.53-#1, pp. 127-132.]
A. Rosenberg (1989). “Are Generic Predictions Enough?”. Erkenntnis; V.30-#1/2, pp. 43-68. [also in W. Balzer and B. Hamminga, eds. Philosophy of Economics. Dordrecht: Kluwer.]
A. Rosenberg (1991). “What’s So Special about General Equilibrium Theory?”. in G.K. Shaw, ed.. Economics, Culture and Education: Essays in honour of Mark Blaug. Aldershot: Elgar, pp. 120-132.
-P. Samuelson (1987). “Out of the Closet: A Program for the Whig History of Economic Science”. History of Economics Society Bulletin; V.9-#1, pp. 51-60.
-M. Blaug (1980/1992). The Methodology of Economics: or, How Economists Explain. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP.
-D. Hausman (1992). The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics. Cambridge: CUP.
-D. Hausman (1993). Essays on Philosophy and Economic Methodology. Cambridge: CUP.
-A. Rosenberg (1992). Economics: Mathematical Politics or Science of Diminishing Returns?. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
-D.W. Hands (1993). Testing, Rationality, and Progress: Essays on the Popperian Tradition in Economic Methodology. Totowa: Rowman & Littlefield.
-D. Redman (1993). Economics and the Philosophy of Science. New York: Oxford University Press.
-P. Mirowski (1988). Against Mechanism: Why Economics Needs Protection from Science. Totowa: Rowman & Littlefield.
-P. Mirowski (1989). More Heat Than Light. Cambridge: CUP.
-N. DeMarchi, ed. (1993). Non-Natural Social Science: Reflecting on the Enterprise of More Heat Than Light. Durham: Duke University Press.
-B. Ingrao and G. Israel (1990). The Invisible Hand: Economic Equilibrium in the History of Science. Cambridge: MIT.
D.W. Hands (1993). “Thirteen Theses on Progress in Economic Methodology”. in D.W. Hands, ed. Testing, Rationality, and Progress: Essays on the Popperian Tradition in Economic Methodology. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 143-147.
M. Blaug (1994). “Why I Am Not a Constructivist: Confessions of an Unrepentant Popperian”. in R. Backhouse, ed.. New Directions in Economic Methodology. New York: Routledge, pp. 109-136.
-W. Milberg (1996). “The Rhetoric of Policy Relevance in International Economics”. Journal of Economic Methodology; V.3-#?, pp. 237-259.
-A. Leijonhufvud (1997). “Models and Theories”. Journal of Economic Methodology; V.4-#2, pp. 193-198.
-S. Dow (1997). “Mainstream Economic Methodology”. Cambridge Journal of Economics; V.21-#1, pp. 73-93.
D. Hausman (1999). “‘Ultra-Deductivism,’ Perfect Knowledge and the Methodology of Economics”. Journal of Economic Methodology; V.6-#1, pp. 125-130.
A.D. Autume and J. Cartelier, eds. (1997). Is Economics Becoming a Hard Science?. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
-D.W. Hands (2001). Reflection without Rules: Economic Methodology and Contemporary Science Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
P. Mirowski (2002). Machine Dreams: Economics Becomes a Cyborg Science. Cambridge: CUP.
(3) Lakatosian Perspectives and Critiques
-S. Latsis, ed. (1976). Method and Appraisal in Economics. Cambridge: CUP.
-J. Remenyi (1979). “Core and Demi-Core Interaction: Toward a General Theory of Disciplinary and Sub-Disciplinary Growth”. History of Political Economy; V.11-#1, pp. 30-63.
-M. Blaug (1980). The Methodology of Economics. Cambridge: CUP.
-G. Fulton (1984). “Research Programmes in Economics”. History of Political Economy; V.16-#2, pp. 197-205.
-D.W. Hands (1985). “Second Thoughts on Lakatos”. History of Political Economy; V.17-#1, pp. 1-16.
-E.R. Weintraub (1979). Microfoundations. Cambridge: CUP.
-S. Dow (1981). “Weintraub and Wiles: The Methodological Basis of Policy Conflict”. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics; V.3-#3, pp.539-558.
-E.R. Weintraub (1982). “Substantive Mountains and Methodological Molehills”. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics; V. 5-#2, pp. 295-303. [Rejoinder by Dow follows, pp. 304-308.]
-D.W. Hands (1984). “The Role of Crucial Counterexamples in the Growth of Economic Knowledge”. History of Political Economy; V.16-#1, pp. 59-67.
-E.R. Weintraub (1985). “Appraising General Equilibrium Analysis”. Economics and Philosophy; V.3-#1, pp. 23-37.
-E.R. Weintraub (1986). General Equilibrium Analysis: Essays in Appraisal. Cambridge: CUP.
-A. Rosenberg (1986). “Lakatosian Consolations for Economics”. Economics and Philosophy; V.2-#1, pp. 127-139. [Response by E.R. Weintraub and Rejoinder, 1987, V.3-#1, pp. 139-144.]
-E.R. Weintraub (1988). “The Neo-Walrasian Programme is Empirically Progressive”. in N. deMarchi, ed. The Popperian Legacy in Economics. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 213-227.
-B. Heijdra and A. Lowenberg (1988). “The Neoclassical Research Program: Some Lakatosian and Other Considerations”. Australian Economic Papers; V.27-#?, pp. 272-284.
-M. Toruño (1988). “Appraisals and Rational Reconstructions of General Competitive Equilibrium Theory”. Journal of Economic Issues; V.22-#1, pp. 127-155.
-A. Diamond, jr. (1988). “The Empirical Progressiveness of the General Equilibrium Research Programme”. History of Political Economy; V.20-#?, pp. 119-135.
-A. Salanti (1991). “Roy Weintraub’s Studies in Appraisal: Lakatosian Consolations or Something Else?”. Economics and Philosophy; V.7-#?, pp. 221-234. [Response by E.R. Weintraub and Rejoinder, 1993, V.9-#?, pp. 135-144.]
-A. Salanti (1994). “On the Lakatosian Apple of Discord in the History and Methodology of Economics”. Finnish Economic Papers; V.7-#1, pp. 30-41.
-U. Mäki (1994). “Methodology Might Matter, But Weintraub’s Meta-Methodology Shouldn’t”. Journal of Economic Methodology; V.1-#?, pp. 215-231.
-M. Janssen (1991). “What is this Thing Called Microfoundations?”. History of Political Economy; V.23-#?, pp. 687-712.
-M. Blaug and N. DeMarchi, eds. (1991). Appraising Economic Theories: Studies in the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
-R. Backhouse (1991). “The Neo-Walrasian Research Programme in Macroeconomics”. In Blaug and DeMarchi, eds., pp. 403-426.
-R. Backhouse (1993). “Lakatosian Perspectives on General Equilibrium Analysis”. Economics and Philosophy; V.9-#2, pp. 271-287.
-E.R. Weintraub (1991). Stabilizing Dynamics: Constructing Economic Knowledge. Cambridge: CUP.
-E.R. Weintraub and P. Mirowski (1994). “The Pure and the Applied: Bourbakism Comes to Mathematical Economics”. Science in Context; V.7-#2, pp. 245-272.
-R. Backhouse (1998). Explorations in Economic Methodology: From Lakatos to Empirical Philosophy of Science. London: Routledge.
-P. Krugman (1998). “Two Cheers for Formalism”. EJ; V.108-#451, pp. 1829-1836.
-E.R. Weintraub (1998). “Axiomatisches Mißverständnis”. EJ; V.108-#451, pp. 1837-1847.
-E.R. Weintraub (1999). “How Should we Write the History of Twentieth-Century Economics?”. Oxford Review of Economic Policy; V.15-#4, pp. 139-152.
-E.R. Weintraub (2002). How Economics Became a Mathematical Science. Durham: Duke University Press.
(4) Structuralist Reconstructions
-D.W. Hands (1985). “The Structuralist View of Economic Theories: A Review Essay”. Economics and Philosophy; V.1-#2, pp.303-335.
-E.W. Händler (1980). “The Logical Structure of Modern Neoclassical Static Equilibrium Theory”. Erkenntnis; V.15-#1, pp. 33-53.
-W. Balzer (1982). “A Logical Reconstruction of Pure Exchange Economies”. Erkenntnis; V.17-#1, pp. 23-46.
-W. Balzer (1982). “The Empirical Claims of Exchange Economics”. in W. Stegemüller, W. Balzer, and W. Spohn eds. Philosophy of Economics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 16-40.
-R. Kötter (1982). “General Equilibrium Theory–An Empirical Theory?”. in W. Stegemüller, W. Balzer, and W. Spohn eds. Philosophy of Economics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 103-117.
-D. Pearce and M. Tucci (1982). “A General Net Structure for Theoretical Economics”. in W. Stegemüller, W. Balzer, and W. Spohn eds. Philosophy of Economics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 85-102.
-F. Haslinger (1982). “Structure and Problems of Equilibrium and Disequilibrium Theory”. in W. Stegemüller, W. Balzer, and W. Spohn eds. Philosophy of Economics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 63-84
-F. Haslinger (1983). “‘A Logical Reconstruction of Pure Exchange Economics’: An Alternative View”. Erkenntnis; V.V.20-#?, pp. 115-129.
-W. Balzer (1985). “The Proper Reconstruction of Exchange Economics”. Erkenntnis; V.23-#?, pp. 185-200.
-D.W. Hands (1985). “The Logical Reconstruction of Pure Exchange Economics: Another Alternative”. Theory and Decision; V.19-#?, pp. 259-278.
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2. Technology and Opportunity Cost in the Neoclassical Model
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-R. Chambers (1988). Applied Production Analysis: A Dual Approach. Cambridge: CUP.
(1) Geometric Analysis for the 2x2 Case
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(2) General Analysis of Production Sets
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3. Demand, Preference Aggregation and Community Welfare
a. Individual Preference, Choice and Demand
(1) Surveys and Texts
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(2) Individual preferences and utility functions
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D. Sonderman (1980). “Utility Representations for Partial Orders”. Journal of Economic Theory; V.23-#?, pp. 183-188.
K. Arrow and F. Hahn (1971). “Utility Functions”. Chapter 2/Section 1 of General Competitive Ananlysis. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 82-87.
E. Glustoff (1975). “On Continuous Utility: The Euclidean Distance Approach”. Quarterly Journal of Economics; V.89-#?, pp. 512-517.
G. Mehta (1991). “The Euclidean Distance Approach to Continuous Utility Functions”. Quarterly Journal of Economics; V.106-#?, pp. 975-977.
A. Beardon and G. Mehta (1994). “The Utility Theorems of Wald, Debreu and Arrow-Hahn”. Econometrica; V.62-#1, pp. 181-186.
A. Beardon (1997). “Utility Representation of Continuous Preferences”. Economic Theory; V.10-#?, pp. 369-372.
(3) Revealed Preference, Integrability and Demand
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-H. Houthaker (1950). “Revealed Preference and the Utility Function”. Eca; V.17-#66, pp. 159-174.
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-T. Yokoyama (1953). “A Logical Foundation of the Theory of Consumer’s Demand”. Osaka Economic Papers; V.2-#?, pp. 71-79.
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-B. Hansson (1968). “Fundamental Axioms for Preference Relations”. Synthese; V.18-#?, pp. 423-442.
-B. Hansson (1968). “Choice Structures and Preference Relations”. Synthese; V.18-#?, pp. 443-458.
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-M. Richter (1979). “Duality and Rationality”. Journal of Economic Theory; V.20-#2, pp. 131-181.
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-H. Herzberger (1973). “Ordinal Preference and Rational Choice”. Econometrica; V.41-#2, pp. 187237
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-J. Chipman (1971). “Consumption Theory without Transitive Indifference”. in J. Chipman, et al. Preferences, Utility and Demand. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanocvich, pp. 224-253.
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-D. Gale and A. Mas-Colell (1975). “A Short Proof of Existence of Equilibrium Without Ordered Preferences”. Journal of Mathematical Economics; V.2-#1, pp. 9-15.
-T. Bergstrom (1975). “Maximal Elements of Acyclic Relations on Compact Sets”. Journal of Economic Theory; V.10-#?, pp. 403-404.
-A. Mukherji (1977). “The Existence of Choice Functions”. Econometrica; V.45-#4, pp. 889-894.
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Kehoe, Timothy and Andreu Mas-Colell (1984). “An Observation on Gross Substitutability and the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference”. Economics Letters; V.15-#?, pp. 241-243.
Hildenbrand, Werner and Michael Jerison (1989). “The Demand Theory of the Weak Axioms of Revealed Preference”. EcLets; V.29-#3, pp. 209-213.
Bossert, Walter (1993). “Continuous Choice Functions and the Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference”. Economic Theory; V.3-#2, pp. 379-385.
Peters, Hans And Peter Wakker (1994). “WARP does not Imply SARP for More than Two Commodities”. Journal of Economic Theory; V.62-#?, pp. 152-160.
Blackorby, Charles, Walter Bossert, and Donald Donaldson (1995). “Multivalued Demand and Rational Choice in the Two-Commodity Case”. Economics Letters; V.47-#1, pp. 5-10.
Bossert, Walter (2001). “Choices, Consequences and Rationality”. Synthese; V.129-#3, pp. 343-369.
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-W.E. Diewert (1973). “Afriat and Revealed Preference Theory”. Review of Economic Studies; V.40-#3, pp. 419-426.
-H. Varian (1982). “The Nonparametric Approach to Demand Analysis”. Econometrica; V.50-#4, pp. 945-973.
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-Y. Kannai (2004). “When is Individual Demand Concavifiable?”. Journal of Mathematical Economics; V.40-#1/2, pp. 59-69.
(4) Rationality as Consistency
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-T. Moe (1979). “On the Scientific Status of Rational Models”. AJPS; V.23-#1, pp. 215-243.
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b. Preference Aggregation: Problems and Resolutions
-A. Kirman (1992). “Whom or What Does the Representative Individual Represent?”. Journal of Economic Perspectives; V.6-#2, pp. 117-136.
-E. Tower (1979). “The Geometry of Community Indifference Curves”. WA; V.115-#4, pp. 680-699.
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c. General Properties of Excess Demand Functions and Comparative Statics for GE
(1) Overviews
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(2) Main Sonnenschein-Debreu-Mantel Results
(a)Global Results
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