Kenya
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Kenya |
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| Country Index | Epidemiological Data | |
| Country Profile | Policy & Legislation | |
| Program Data | ||
| Monitoring | ||
| Program Resources | ||
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA |
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| Goiter | ||
| Most Recent Goiter Survey | ||
| Date: | February - August 1994 | |
| Groups Surveyed: | Children 8-10 yrs. | |
| Sample Size: | 3260 | |
| Sampling Method: | A national survey covering a total of 45 districts. A total of 163 primary schools were randomly selected from the 15272 primary schools in Kenya at the time of the study. For each school, 20 children (10 girls and 10 boys) were randomly selected to represent each school. | |
| Other Survey | A multicenter study (1995) that covered Kericho, Kiambu, and Nairobi. | |
| Estimated Goiter Prevalence: | ||
NR = Not Reported |
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| Urinary Iodine | |
| Most Recent Urinary Iodine Survey | |
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Same as national survey reported above for goiter. |
| Estimated Prevalence of IDD: Indicator < 100 microgram/L |
NR = Not Reported |
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POLICY AND LEGISLATION |
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Legislation on IDD |
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IDD legislation was passed in Kenya in 1978. The legislation covers all salt produced for human consumption. The year of enactment was 1978, but in 1988, there was a revision on the legislation. Specifications for edible salt are reviewed regularly (latest revision was in September 2000) by the Kenya Bureau of Standards. Legislation of animal salt is not yet in place. |
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Iodization of salt is mandatory. The mandated level of iodization is 168.5 mg/kg of salt, or 100ppm. |
| Government Agency to Address IDD | |
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The government agency that deals with the monitoring of IDD is the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) |
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Contact information: Mr. Tom Olielo, Standards Division, P.O. Box 54974, Mombasa Rd., Nairobi |
PROGRAM DATA |
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| Supplementation | |
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Oral supplementation with iodized oil capsules is not currently used. |
| Fortification | |
| Production and Importation of Salt | |
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There is iodized salt production. |
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The total annual national production of iodized salt was ~270,000 metric tons in 2001. |
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The intended level of salt iodization at the point of production is 100PPM. |
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Large-scale salt iodization started in the 1970's. |
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There are currently five iodized salt producers. |
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Potassium iodate is used to iodize salt. |
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Vacuum dried packing is the packaging method used. |
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Less than 1% of iodized salt is imported from Holland, Israel, etc. |
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The intended level of iodization for imported salt is100 ppm. |
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Salt iodine content at production level is assessed by routine titration. |
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| Retail | |
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| Household Consumption | |
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The estimated percent of adequately iodized salt consumed, as a national average is 92%. |
| Source: MICS 1998 |
| Other Programs Related to Control of IDD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mass Media Campaigns | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Advocacy on electronic and print media is done on an ongoing basis. Salt manufacturers are mainly involved in print media advocacy as well as radio spot messages to inform consumers about importance of consuming iodized salt. Since 2001, UNICEF has started supporting IDD month activities in October of each year. IDD month brings manufacturers, schools, and the Ministry of Health together in a mass media campaign to sensitize the public on all relevant issues on IDD. |
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Community-Based Programs |
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The Ministry of Health with support from UNICEF has trained salt monitors for district level monitoring to ensure retailers and households understand the importance of IDD control through salt iodization. The monitors use rapid testing kits in the field and make reports to head office for follow-up if non-iodized salt is found. Advocacy messages on the importance of consuming iodized salt and storing it properly once purchased are communicated through mobile cinemas in rural communities. The IDD control project is a nation level activity. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Surveys of Iodized Salt |
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MICS/UNICEF 1998 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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MICS/UNICEF 2000 Household | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ministry of Health 2000 (Household, Retailer, Wholesaler) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Survey Results |
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MONITORING |
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| Salt Iodine | |
| Current monitoring activities for iodine levels in salt | |
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Monitoring is done using rapid testing kits of salt samples at household, retail, and wholesale levels. Monitoring at the factory level is done via random sample collection by the Standards Officers through titration methodology. |
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The IUE/Goiter and KAP survey will be repeated before the end of 2002. |
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UNICEF supported Rapid Testing Kits are given to schools and to community level public health technicians to sensitize officers and children on monitoring aspect of IDD and salt iodization. |
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IDD Indicators |
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The lab facility for biochemical measurements is the National Laboratory. This was renovated with support from UNICEF in 1990/1991 to facilitate IDD biochemical assessments. |
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There is no routine monitoring of goiter rate. However, occasionally there are visits to monitor number of cases (surgery, etc.) related to IDD that have been handled by some rural as well as referral clinics. |
PROGRAM RESOURCES |
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| Donor and Implementing Agencies Involved in IDD Programs | |
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Implementers are the Ministry of Health, Kenya Bureau of Standards, and salt manufacturers |
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External agencies are the Kiwanis, UNICEF National Committees, Micronutrient Initiative of Canada, WHO. |
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