Iodine Deficiency Disorder

Vitamin A

Sudan

Iodine

Iron

Swaziland

	EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA


Goiter
Most Recent Goiter Survey
	Date:	June 1997
	Groups Surveyed:	School children in primary class 1-6
	Sample Size:	40,922
	Sampling Method:	The country was divided into 15 zones from which 7 zones were randomly selected. From each zone two schools (one for boys and one for girls) were also randomly selected. Approximately 40 girls and 40 boy attending primary school in class 1-6 were randomly selected from each school in the zone for this survey.
	Estimated Goiter Prevalence:

Region/Group	Sample size	Population in region/group (if available)	Prevalence in sample %
Northern Zone	5773		38.1
Eastern Zone	7937		8.2
Khartoun Zone	8135		5.4
Central Zone	7865		22.7
Darfur Zone	4835		27.6
Kordofan Zone	4503		39.1
Upper Nile Zone	1874		42.2
National Total	40,922		22.0

Urinary Iodine

Most Recent Urinary Iodine Survey - Same as goiter survey above.

Estimated IDD Prevalence:

Region/Group*	Sample size	Population in region/group (if available)	Indicator(s) specify cutoff and/or median urinary iodine	Prevalence in sample %
Northern Zone	600		9.05	40
Eastern Zone	594		9.795	25
Khartoum Zone	600		9.62	55
Central Zone	599		7.04	Male-68 Female-80
Darfur Zone	600		1.995	69
Kordofan Zone	600		4.82	80
Upper Nile Zone	311		4.03	79.75
National Total

	POLICY AND LEGISLATION

Legislation on IDD
	There is IDD legislation implemented in Sudan since 1994. This legislation has been significantly revised but the government has not been published other documents regarding IDD.
	This legislation passed by the government made iodization salt mandatory through a ministerial decree.

Government Agency to Address IDD
	The National and State Nutrition Departments are the government agencies to address IDD. The functions of the agencies are coordination and monitoring.
	Contact Info: Igbal A. Mageed, Deputy National Nutrition Department. FMOH.

Supplementation
	Oral supplementation with iodized oil capsules is not currently used.


Fortification
Production and Importation of Salt
	There is production of iodized salt in Sudan.
	The total annual national production of iodized salt is 73,000 tons/year (2000)
	The intended level of salt iodization at the point of production is 146,000 tons/year
	Large-scale of salt iodization started in 2000.
	There are three salt producers currently in Sudan.
	Potassium Iodate is used to iodize salt.
	The packaging method used is plastic bags and plastic containers.
	Salt is imported from Saudi Arabia.
	The intended level of salt iodization for imported salt is *Not Reported*.
	97% of salt samples collected from 736 households were found to contain iodine. It was only about 3% of the surveyed households that were found to use not-iodated salt. The level of iodine in the salt, however, showed great differences from households. The samples were tested with test kits in the field and also assessed in the central lab using titration.

Retail
	There are important regional differences in the average retail cost of salt throughout Sudan.
	The average retail cost of salt is $100SD for iodized salt and $50SD for uniodized salt.


Household Consumption
	The estimated percent of adequately iodized salt consumed by all people is 12%.*

	* Source: Surveys done throughout the country by government agencies.

Iodized Salt Surveys
	There have been recent surveys conducted once in 1999 and twice in 2001, but the data is unavailable.

Other Programs Related to Control of IDD
Mass Media & Community-based Programs
	There are mass-media campaigns such as TV and radio programs.
	Orientation programs at all levels and community sessions are also conducted.

	MONITORING

Salt Iodine
Current monitoring activities for iodine levels in salt
	Current monitoring is done at the factory levels by titration and at the retail and household level by test-kits.
	The surveys described above are not being repeated.
	There is monitoring at the community level conducted through food inspectors in the communities.

IDD Indicators
	There is no monitoring of goiter rate.
	There are lab facilities available for biochemical measurements at private labs located throughout the country.

TSH
	TSH has been measured through comprehensive nutrition reports.

Donor and Implementing Agencies Involved in IDD Programs

Implementing Agency	Description of Activities.	IDD Activity
Implementing Agency	Description of Activities.	Supplementation (if applicable)	Salt Iodization	Other (specify)
National/State Governments
External agencies	UNICEF- -Conduct base-line survey in Baher-El-Gazal -Provision of 10,000 iodized salt in field test kits -Procurement of 4WD vehicle to support iodized salt monitoring in Darfur -Support two special training on micro-nutrient for 40 participants -Support social mobilization and advocacy on micro-nutrient deficiency		$3,991 $2,772 $14,035 $14,035 $28,714 $13,552

Total IDD Program Funding History and Forecast for Country - Not reported

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA