* * * HAITI INFO * * * News direct from the people and organizations of Haiti's democratic and popular movement 4 May 1996, Vol. 4, #13 *** HAITI INFO now has photos in every issue *** Contents: PREVAL TEAM JUGGLING ANTI-PRIVATIZATION PROTEST ON MAY 1 INSECURITY, POLICE PROBLEMS >From Les Cayes: RADIO VKM INAUGURATED >From Grande Anse: FISHERMEN AT LA NAVASE World of Labor: PROTEST AT PARLIAMENT Close-up: THE LABOR MOVEMENT Stories: PREVAL TEAM JUGGLING PORT-AU-PRINCE, May 3 - Nothing has filtered out of the three weeks of "negotiations" between the Haitian government and the multilateral banks, but President Rene Preval's continued campaigning for privatization and other neoliberal policies, even if he has turned down the volume and emphasized lately that he will not "sell" anything, is a clear indication of what route he and his team have already decided to take. But the president has lost the assurance and arrogance of earlier days. He called the May 1 demonstration a "failure" but also noted "there is an inquietude" among public sector employees, and said he wants to meet with opponents of privatization. This change in attitude comes at the same time a French representative of the banks said they recognize the resistance and will not push privatization all the way. In that sense, Preval is now trying to cool people down, for despite the small turn out on Wednesday, opposition to his policies remains steady in many sectors, contradictions in the Lavalas movement are evident and people's impatience with the government and the deteriorating situation is growing. Tax and Customs Receipts Offensive In the meantime, to take people's minds off the policies and show he can be "tough" on the bourgeoisie and the private sector, the president personally launched an attack on tax evaders and smugglers, showing up at the Direction Generale des Impts (DGI), the tax office, four times in two weeks. He and others also made surprise visits to Customs. This week, DGI announced tax evaders will be penalized by having their property and goods seized, names published and even with a prison sentence. Inspectors seized office material at three companies on May 2. Reportedly, more doctors, business people and others are paying their taxes as a result. Customs announced those turning in smugglers will get half the confiscated material as a reward. Today customs officers seized "thousands of cases of milk and hundreds of cases of tomato paste" from a merchant. Contradictions, Impatience Growing But Preval is well aware that people's patience with his government is growing thin and showy visits to the DGI will not solve his problems. On May 1, organizations blocked the Mirebalais road, specifically to prevent Preval advisor Chavannes Jean- Baptiste from getting home for May 1 festivities. The action was to protest the terrible condition of the road which the President Jean-Bertrand Aristide government, with great fanfare, last year had promised would be fixed. Popular organizations also blocked the highway near Leogane last month with the same demand. Eventually public works made rudimentary repairs. Also last month, groups in Carrefours protested the half-finished road repair job there, and groups from the Martissant neighborhood protested their poor living conditions, saying: "the neoliberal plan will destroy all attempts to establish a national economy and correct inequalities." In the meantime, the inevitable contradictions within the Lavalas family remain. The April Tanbou Verite, the publication of Oganizasyon Politik Lavalas, a large element of the Lavalas platform headed by Gerard Pierre Charles, warned of the "fragility" of the Lavalas political movement and called for "democratic unity." Nevertheless, a press release on Lavalas platform stationary in late April signed by over a dozen representatives, including Sen. Renaud Bernadin, called privatization "the destruction of national production, of the living force of the country" and asked Preval to cease his "logic of submission." Preval this week revealed his impatience with the dissident Lavalassiens in parliament, which still has not voted this year's budget (because, lawmakers said today, the executive still has not sent them all the necessary fiscal laws) and where, in both houses, representatives have recently rejected various neoliberal "reforms," like a lowered tariff on rice, an independent office to oversee education loans, and an US$17 million education loan. [See last issue] At his impromptu press conference following the May 1 march, Preval said parliament should "lift its feet" and approve a series of loans he said will repair roads, irrigation systems and provide jobs. He also revealed, once again, his determined fidelity to neoliberalism, even to the point of defending, on International Worker's Day, Haiti's rock-bottom minimum wage as necessary to remain competitive and saying a higher salary might be "beautiful" but "not workable." And, responding to a question concerning people's preoccupations about privatization, Preval slid away from the essence once again, claiming people are not really interested in that, and instead want to know "what are we going to do quickly, without getting into a lot of talking, so we can develop the country, to give local and international investors electricity, water, telephone so they will invest in the country." At least his priorities are clear. ANTI-PRIVATIZATION PROTEST ON MAY 1 PORT-AU-PRINCE, May 2 - Although only several hundred people marched in a demonstration organized by 15 popular, peasant and worker's groups yesterday and the president called it "a failure," organizers today said it was "a success" because it captured the attention of the nation and of President Rene Preval: significantly, 30 minutes after it ended, the National Palace sent a minibus to round up journalists for an impromptu press conference. [See other story] One of the strongest sectors represented in the march was the union of Electricite d'Haiti (EDH), one of the companies on the auction block, which had 25 trucks with workers brandishing signs. Other sponsoring organizations included Kolektif Mobilizasyon Kont FMI, Rasanbleman Fanm Popile and Solidarite Ant Jen/Veye Yo. The demonstrators, who included some parliamentarians and well- known artists, went from the National Cathedral to the National Palace carrying an effigy of "Preval, the country-seller" dressed as an Uncle Sam and scores of signs and banners with slogans like "The bourgeoisie should pay taxes," "Privatization is a twin with the coup d'etat" and "Down with the IMF." Despite a strong police presence, in some neighborhoods people were hostile. The march was the target of much criticism and confusion before May 1. Father Yvon Massac told people not to attend, and said he thought police would be shot at, and various political organizations and other groups, like KID (part of FNCD), lent their support to the march, some for their own reasons. Today, march organizers once again distinguished themselves from other sectors, saying the march was organized by popular groups and denouncing "everyone taking a ride on the popular mobilization." The march organizers said the demonstration was a beginning and that they will be organizing other activities. INSECURITY, POLICE PROBLEMS PORT-AU-PRINCE, May 3 - Insecurity continues to mount, especially in the capital, where three police officers have been murdered over the past week, and a least a half-dozen other people killed or wounded. In the meantime, the Police Nationale d'Haiti (PNH) is struggling to control its members and maintain its credibility. Yesterday, it announced a new disarmament campaign. But on Apr. 29, there was another sign of internal problems when the Police Academy director, Lucien Chenet, resigned. The most recent officer killed was from Petion-ville, shot five times while downtown yesterday. Two other PNH members were killed here over the weekend. The murders have been the subject of much speculation, but no evidence has been uncovered yet. On May 1, a member of the union of Electricite d'Haiti (EDH) was shot in what the union has called a political attack, since, according to union spokesman Harry Clerveaux, the union has been receiving threats recently, because "the EDH union is engaged in a battle against the plan of death [structural adjustment]." [See other story] Other recent victims were a teacher and his wife, shot and killed, and their daughter, injured, in an Apr. 26 attack. In March, a young female PNH member who had condemned reconciliation with armed gangs during President Jean-Bertrand Aristide's visit to Cite Soleil was brutally murdered. Local control of the force is still very tenuous, but discerning those with ultimate control is unmistakable. Despite threats to cut off "aid," the U.S. embassy this week announced Congress "unblocked" US$1.5 million for training and arming the force. In the meantime, although there have not been recent reports of police shooting civilians, lack of discipline remains high. A number of agents of the secret police, SIN, were recently arrested for illegally selling state land in Petion-ville. (Despite Lavalas claims to have dismantled the army, SIN, the Service d'Intelligence National, set up by the CIA after 1986 and which has been linked to brutal repression, still exists today.) There are also signs of dissension in the ranks, especially over the continued presence of former members of the army in the PNH. When the dismissal (reportedly for absenteeism) of 23 traffic cops, refugees trained at Guantanamo, was announced last week, they protested, saying on the dismissal letter "we see the names of the same people who forced us to flee." Also, on Apr. 24, another group of police drove through the city in police vehicles with darkened windows, honking their horns to protest the selection process for commissaires. The next day the direction condemned "the little group" which "tried to destabilize public order" because they "feel their interests are in danger by the wind of reforms." The group concerned, which had previously protested that candidates need a university degree to qualify, on Apr. 26 also told Agence Haitienne de Presse that all the candidates selected are "former members of the Armed Forces" and said their "movement is an expression of nervousness felt by all police." While the PNH direction did not respond, Eric Falt, spokesman for the other extra-national authority here, took the liberty and "suggested" the officers "be punished at the disciplinary as well as the penal level." >From Les Cayes: RADIO VKM INAUGURATED LES CAYES, May 1 - Over three hundred friends and supporters spent today celebrating the opening of Radyo Vwa Klodi Mizo (Voice of Claudie Museau Radio), the memory of Jean-Claude Museau (a teacher and a founder of MUPAC who was beaten to the point of death by soldiers and released to die in January, 1992) and celebrating the democratic and popular struggle in general. In addition, over and over, participants denounced the policies of the government, the lack of justice and widespread impunity, and U.S. domination of Haitian affairs. Arriving on foot, on bicycles and in cars from as far away as Gonaives, men, women and children, and Museau's father, gathered at the La Cayenne restaurant and listened to members of a teacher's union, non-governmental organizations, poets, musicians and local leaders, and then visited the new station, located over a small restaurant. RVKM's 20-watt transmitter covers the city and nearby region with a small rooftop antenna. RVKM hopes to someday get a bigger transmitter and install an antenna on a mountain. RVKM is a project of by Mouvman Inite Pep Okay (MUPAC) and Mouvman Peyizan Sid. [See Haiti Info v.4 #7 and last issue] "A Different Kind of Communication" For three hours, the assembly listened, sang and danced before walking along the shore to the studio. After a moment of silence, a local teacher explained that the radio is a "community radio that will work for and in the sense of the people of Les Cayes" and that it is also "a popular radio, a radio of the people... it is the hope and pride of a valiant people." RVKM's slogan is: "A different kind of communication for a different kind of society." After explaining the radio's history, a MUPAC member listed its objectives, which include to create space for popular expression, enable everyone to experience popular culture, encourage popular talent, facilitate cultural exchange and interchange and solidarity with other popular struggles, provide space for the women's movement and to "fight reactionary ideas" with information and education. Other speakers included those from the non-governmental organizations that helped RVKM start up. Anti-imperialist, anti-neoliberal MUPAC and other groups chose May 1, commemorated as "Day of Work and of Agriculturalists" in Haiti, because they wanted to stress the radio's link to the worker's struggle. A member of a nearby Tet Kole Ti Peyizan Ayisyen chapter had an angry statement from "the people who work the land" to "the people who always bluff." Reading, with difficulty, he said: "We are shocked to hear President Preval and all his acolytes preaching the salvation of privatization... We know there is no country where privatization brought the people a solution!... We ask all organizations... to meet, to rise up across the country, and we say, 'Down with the pets, the restaveks (child-slaves) of the Americans! Down with privatization! Long live the people's struggle!'" A highlight of the ceremony were the poems and songs. Tet Kole singers sang "Haiti is not for sale" and "The Criminals must be judged." IJA, a group of young "engages" (commited to the popular movement) musicians, sang "Yankee Hypocrisy" about the U.N., the O.A.S. and U.S. State Department, and an homage to Museau. RADA (Rassemblement d'Artistes) presented poems and songs, one celebrating Museau, another calling for people to continue the struggle. Guitarist and singer Betoni, sang a "Mr. President" which warns: "If you are on the people's side in their demands, if you respect your promises, we'll yell 'Long live!'" but "If you trick us, we will not fail to yell 'Down with the President!'" The song covers land reform, privatization and other issues. Fanm Vanyan of Les Cayes ended the ceremony with a rousing "We will not give up the battle," where everyone sang and danced along before processing to downtown. >From Grande Anse: FISHERMEN AT LA NAVASE ANSE D'HAINAUT, Apr. 18 - In their search for fish, poor fishermen in this coastal town have strayed offshore to an island which the U.S. claims as its own. La Navase, 60 kms. west of the mainland, was claimed as U.S. property in 1857, when the U.S. declared all guano-rich islets U.S. property and when a U.S. company set up a factory there to convert the one million tons of guano on La Navase, with a US$40 million value at the time, into fertilizer. The factory stayed open until 1898. (The ruins are still there.) U.S. interest in the island was not only commercial, however, as its continued presence in the region illustrates. It maintains a lighthouse there. Poor Fishermen Driven West Despite being chased off the island, where they have planted lemon, orange, avocado and other trees, poor fishermen say they keep going back, since fishing near the coast has steadily declined. Without money for gasoline or motors, nets, radio communications or other equipment, small fishermen cannot compete with more sophisticated ones. "The sea is finished around here for us," explained Asson Darius, who has been fishing since he was ten. "The only ones who find fish are those with fancy material and money. When we spend 8 days fishing here, we make 200, 150, 125 gourdes. Sometimes we only make 50 gourdes." After an eight-day trip to La Navase, which the fishermen reach in one day of sailing in their small boats that hold three or four people, each man has earned between 1,500 and 2,000 gourdes (between US$90 and US$120). The main buyer is Pcherie Belle Anse which purchases about 30,000 gourdes (US$1,800) worth of seafood a day to sell in the capital, Canada and the U.S. Haiti's Sovereignty Not Respected The Haitians are not without competition in the La Navase waters. Jamaican, Cuban and even U.S. boats are in the area, the fishermen said. Although competitors, the Jamaicans often lend a hand to the Haitians, who have lost fellow fishermen in storms. "When they see the weather is bad, they sometimes let us on their boats, give us security, let us eat, sleep, bathe, until it is better," said Darius, who also said they try to understand one another's language with "lessons" during each visit. Although they get along with the Jamaicans, however, they are angry the island is not respected as Haitian territory. "Jamaicans can come and fish at La Navase, but it's not their right... because the island is part of Haiti," Darius noted. "But since our country is not organized, any old country can come here and do whatever they want... boats can come from all over the place and dump their garbage, do whatever, and not one person will tell them not to... there is no authority or government that will say the island is ours and they are here illegally." The fishermen also said drug runners use the island as a "turntable," leaving cocaine packages on shore or floating in the water. But more offensive to Darius and his fellow fishermen is the U.S. military, which uses the island for tests and experiments, he said, sometimes detonating small bombs on the land or in the sea, sometimes landing men, shooting, and so on. When U.S. soldiers catch the Haitians on the island, they chase them away. Once, a Coast Guard boat wanted to tie up to the same position where Darius' boat was tied and cut his boat's line, he said. "I said, 'This is not possible!' The Americans have to learn to respect Haitian laws!" Darius said. "We do not want them on our land anymore, and we are clear on that." Darius and the others are angry that the Haitian government does not undertake its responsibilities, both to help small fishermen compete against big ones, foreign and local, and to protect Haitian territory: "Other countries do whatever they want with the resources of La Navase because the Haitian government has 'resigned' from the issue... La Navase is supposed to be for us. When the U.S. became a big power, it decided to take it over... but today, us Haitians, we know what 'Liberty or Death' means and we will keep going there, even if it means confronting the Americans." World of Labor: PROTEST AT PARLIAMENT PORT-AU-PRINCE, Apr. 30 - To commemorate International Workers Day, 15 workers held a sit-in in front of Parliament to protest the low minimum wage, the need to change antiquated laws and against exploitation in general. [See photo on page 4] "Why did we choose hoods? Because here in Haiti we do not really have a state that respects the workers' rights. A worker who says 'syn-' is immediately fired because they think he is going to say 'syndicat' (union). So, the hood is a measure for some of the workers who have jobs and could be fired, and second, it is a form of protest against the situation in general," explained one. "Factories are firing people because they know we are organizing," said a hooded woman. "We are doing this so the nation knows and lends solidarity to our struggle." The protesters, workers from several factories and members of Batay Ouvriye (Worker's Battle), held signs with slogans like "Long live the worker's struggle," "Down with imperialist domination" and "We have a right to organize." The workers said they chose Parliament because they want the Code du Travail changed and minimum wage, officially at 36 gourdes a day (although many factories pay less), raised to 75 gourdes (about US$4.50). "Many of us believe that many parliamentarians are not interested in the question," said the first worker. "They are more interested in voting laws to open the country's stomach, to give the country to foreigners and open a lot of disguised free trade zones." Close-up: THE LABOR MOVEMENT May 1, International Worker's Day, falls in a context that is not at all favorable, where neoliberal ideology and policies are wreaking devastation: in the industrialized countries, a dismantling of social benefits, the welfare state and lowered union activity, and in the dependent countries like Haiti, misery, unemployment and intolerance of unions and organizing. Here, Haiti Info presents the opinions and visions of two organizations working with the labor movement with whom we recently met, and a third which just released an 11-page document on the situation of workers. A MEMBER OF ANTEN OUVRIYE, A NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION. Q: What is the origin of the labor movement in Haiti? The labor movement really began at the end of the 1930s and in the 1940s, and is very much linked to the communist and socialist movement that was germinating in the country in those years... The real expansion was in 1946, when the worker's question was very much linked to the democratic movement in general. It was also linked to the economic and political situation that developed in Haiti after the U.S. occupation, when a few big companies with large numbers of employees were set up. The movement continued until during the 1950s, especially in 1956, when there was a renewal of the labor movement linked to a renewal of the democratic movement, particularly with the communist party... [and] the birth of one of the biggest organizations that marks the labor movement, the Union Intersyndicale Haitienne, which had the capacity to bring together diverse sectors of workers that existed then, not only in factories, but also restaurants, teachers, etc. The Union Intersyndicale developed but it was broken down by the Duvalier dictatorship... The labor movement began over again with the relaunching of the democratic movement that was trying to break through in the 1980s... but very quickly that rebirth was broken down, and parallel to that, there was a big offensive made by the U.S., which gave birth to organizations like F.O.S., Federation des Ouvriers Syndiques, basically a creation of the AFL-CIO and the Americans so they could say there was a democratic opening during Jean-Claude Duvalier's regime, when really, wherever the real democratic movement was taking off, they blocked it... In 1986 when the democratic movement began again, the labor movement started up again. But when the union question reappeared, it brought with it a bunch of problems that would mark the evolution of the movement and deliver us into the situation we are in today... In 1986, you did not really have a movement that was made up of unions that represented the workers demands. In reality, you had a number of labor confederations that appeared, and that listened to and represented the very real demands of workers, but that were very linked to exterior organizations that had an interest in training and education here... Little by little, the confederations got further and further away from the bases. That means that today... there are divisions, more divisions and re-divisions at the level of confederations, but that the movement at the bases is not really structured. The confederations do not sit on a structured workers' base. Q: What are the principal challenges facing the labor movement? There are two large series of challenges. One is allied to the history of the labor movement: the reconstitution of the movement, but from the bases... The other is to channel the demands of the workers into real organizations that will represent the bases, and to open the labor movement to all workers in the country, because one of the faults of 1946 was that the labor movement was very much based on factory workers and the workers of state enterprises, but there were large sectors that were not included. That is linked to another challenge that we have in general, which is that today we have more unemployed people than workers. Because of this, there is a need to continue making links between the organized worker's movement... and the democratic movement that is developing in the country. There is also something that is perhaps less important... but that needs to be addressed, and that is for workers to clean the terrain of these confederations that are a handicap for the labor movement... to get rid of these so-called unions that do not really represent anything except their capacity to have outside contacts that support them. Q: What future does Anten Ouvriye see for the labor movement here and around the world? The prospects are not cause for celebration in the short term, and for two big reasons. The first is the relation of forces at the international level today. That relation of forces gives us a hope that in the medium term, a series of things will become more clear and will initiate a series of changes at the global level, but in the short term, the neoliberalism that is advancing in all countries breaks down the workers courage... I think there is another problem today in Haiti that makes the future look not too rosy: a certain confusion created by the political movement that has developed over recent years. It has created confusion because it poses itself as a representative of popular demands, but at the same time it is not a real expression of popular demands. That means there is a confusion among workers and the masses in general, which means that there is a lot of work to be done - ideological work and political organizing - so that the demarcation can finally be made so the working masses become autonomous and carry their demands forward the way they should... But there is something that we can add, which is that the prospects for the movement are not separated from the global democratic, progressive movement in this society... When the democratic movement takes a step forward, the labor movement takes a step forward. Today it is the same: the overall movement is in a period of retreat... and when we can in a general way move out of this retreat, the labor movement will also take a step forward. One last important element that is a challenge I did not mention, and which is linked to the prospects, is the question of women in the labor movement. In the city, in factories, in the countryside, they occupy a large place... but until today, the movement has not really succeeded in organizing women workers... Even if there were many women in the union movement, it was not organized to represent women's specific demands and today that remains an important challenge. A MEMBER OF AKSYON KATOLIK OUVRIYE, LINKED TO THE TI LEGLIZ MOVEMENT: Q: What are the challenges for the labor movement here? The biggest challenge for us in the labor sector is the fact that we are seeing, more and more frequently, that all the accomplishments workers were able to win from the capitalist system through struggle, like the right to organize, the right to found unions, the right to fight for a minimum salary... are almost eliminated. We also realize that unions practically have no weight anymore. We see that unions have now become part of the offensive the system is making where, all of a sudden, you see that unions do not really represent the workers, and not only in Haiti but all over. Also, unions no longer have the strength they had, because the policies that accompany neoliberal policies mean that all the rights under the capitalist system and that the worker used to struggle have been swept away... We can say that capitalism has entered a phase we could call 'aggressive capitalism' or 'savage capitalism.' People in the church say it is a diabolical thing! There is no place anymore for anything resembling a democratic accomplishment or democratic right for workers once capitalism is in that phase... It's like an open war was declared. Q: How is the movement in Haiti today? The worker's movement has been hit by a series of big blows. There is no longer any dialogue, no more of what the International Labor Office called 'tripartite-ism': worker, boss, government. All the laws were written as a result of that tripartite-ism, but today it does not exist anymore, so the movement is in a situation of weakness... The labor movement practically has no response to what is happening here, for the moment. I am not saying that it will not raise its head in the future, but for now it is just taking the blows. It cannot give any response now except that workers do not have the capacity to raise their heads against exploitation." Q: What does the future hold? We are in a transition and we cannot see the end of the tunnel yet, how this will end. But we will continue to do battle, to struggle. It has always been like this. It has always been through struggle that workers were able to win the few rights that the system gave them. This phase is a critical one but that does not mean that workers are finished. We are struggling. We are taking blows but we are resisting and trying to build up our forces so we can turn around and we can give blows, too. That is the phase we are in. We cannot say how the battle will finish, because the forces are so unequal, but workers will never just sit there with their arms folded. BATAY OUVRIYE INTRODUCED ITSELF TO THE PRESS ON APR. 30 WITH A DESCRIPTIVE DOSSIER, WHERE IT SAID IT WAS "AN ORGANIZATION SET UP BY WORKERS IN VARIOUS FACTORIES... TO MAKE OUR OWN PROPOSALS HEARD." THEY DISTRIBUTED THE 11-PAGE "OUR PROBLEMS AS WORKERS, WHAT STRUGGLES WE SHOULD CARRY OUT," PUBLISHED IN JANUARY AFTER MEETINGS LAST FALL. THEY MADE VARIOUS PROPOSALS. WHAT FOLLOWS ARE A FEW EXTRACTS. Let's look at the reality... In the factory, bosses have crushed all unions. They blocked all the new practices that were developing in 1991. The coup d'etat did a big service for them, and that's why they did it with the Americans... Now we are in a situation where we have to rebuild all our organizations. On the confederations, we can see they are all plunged in a big disintegration... What is important is that all of the little pieces have the same kind of practice: collaborate with the dominant class, sell the worker's struggle, integrate themselves into the state to help the bourgeoisie crush workers... What should we do?... We need to understand our global situation and the situation at various levels... Workers are conscious they need to develop their capacities to integrate themselves into and develop revolutionary working class organizations... Looking at the way things are in the factories... it is necessary to organize ourselves quietly, clandestinely... In certain cases it will be possible to set up unions. That is a form we can use to wrench our rights... Alongside all this, we should be conscious that these actions should not be isolated.... That means, we must organize... a good Union Coordination that is really democratic [and]... we should not limit ourselves to the factories, but coordinate and globally construct political organizations that will unify our democratic struggle... The work is not small. It demands consciousness. What we have already done together shows we have consciousness... We need to continue to advance in our work. ABOUT HAITI INFO: * Haiti Info is published every two weeks in Haiti by the Haitian Information Bureau, an alternative news agency, and is edited by a group of committed individuals from democratic and popular sectors. * All articles Copyright HIB. REPRINTS ENCOURAGED. Please cite Haiti Info and send copies of usage. * Haiti Info is available by mail, by fax, and also electronically via computer. Subscription rates range from U.S. $20 to $100, depending on location and method of reception. For subscriptions, other correspondence and help for journalists: Haitian Information Bureau, c/o Lynx Air, Box 407139, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 33340, USA. For electronic mail: hib@igc.apc.org.