* * * HAITI INFO * * * News direct from the people and organizations of Haiti's democratic and popular movement 25 July 1996, Vol. 4, #19 *** HAITI INFO now has photos in every issue *** NOTE: THE NEXT ISSUE OF HAITI INFO WILL APPEAR IN APPROXIMATELY FOUR WEEKS, AT THE END OF AUGUST. Contents: NEOLIBERAL LAWS NEARLY PASSED MALARY AFFAIR: HAITIAN JUSTICE SHAMED LACK OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION PROTESTED Opinions: PARLIAMENTARIANS AGAINST THE NEOLIBERAL LAWS News from Grande Anse: JUSTICE: FRUSTRATION AND ANGER MILOT: NEOLIBERALISM SEVERELY CRITICIZED Correction: In ATTRACTING ASSEMBLY INDUSTRIES in the last issue, Haiti Info incorrectly said that Director of the Ministry of Social Affairs Wilfrid Suprena used to work for Witness for Peace. Rather, he was director of the Haiti program for Pax Christi USA. Stories: NEOLIBERAL LAWS NEARLY PASSED PORT-AU-PRINCE, July 25 - The government's July 29 "deadline" for submitting its neoliberal package is quickly approaching, but it appears the parliament could pass the two contentious laws - one authorizing massive layoffs and the other the privatization of state enterprises - in time. But President Rene Preval and his administration have other problems that refuse to go away. Once again, insecurity has reared its head, and the government itself is also the target of increasing dissatisfaction. The gnawing rumors of imminent cabinet changes burst into the open late today when Secretary of Public Security Robert Manuel stepped down and also demanded the resignation of his superior, Minister of Justice Max Antoine, for failure to reform the judicial system. One Problem Almost Resolved Despite the opposition of certain parliamentarians [see also "Opinions"] and after a campaign which included blackmail, propaganda and corruption [see previous issues], the Preval administration seems to have lined up the votes it needs to pass the "Law on the Voluntary Departure and Retirement of Employees" and the "Law on the Modernization of Public Enterprises." Late last night the Chamber of Deputies approved the first law and sent it to the Senate and is now waiting for the Senate to finish with the privatization law. The Senate, however, did not show up today to hear from the commission responsible for studying it, but the executive has a comfortable majority there, anyway. Distinctly Political Insecurity But even if the laws pass and Preval's emissaries get to Washington in time, his problems are not over. In a context where the Haitian National Police (HNP) face increasing criticism (an International Civilian Mission assessment reportedly said 10% of the corps should be purged), insecurity remains high and it has also taken on a distinctly political flavor recently. Security has been reinforced around the National Palace and Parliament because of threats. Ex-Major Dany Toussaint, former head of the Interim Police Force and one of the army officers who opposed the coup d'etat, yesterday said he had been targeted, and that on Wednesday his security guards scared off a car full of heavily armed men. On July 19, ex-Sgt. Andre Armand was assassinated at his home. The head of RAMIRES (Rassemblement des Militarires Revoques), and ex- soldiers association, only two days earlier he denounced a "plot to destabilize the government" on the capital's radios. Although a far-from-clear character, the fact remains that he accused "certain elements and certain political parties," and that he ifingered his former political associate Carl Denis, an outspoken supporter of the coup, when Denis was arrested this winter for "plotting against the state." Denis was not to stand trial, however. After months in prison, like several others, he was quietly released and whisked away to, not surprisingly, the U.S., without ever appearing before a judge. There, he joins other criminals like Emmanuel Constant and Mirabeau Petit-homme, convicted in the Jan. 6-7, 1991, attempted coup d'etat and then freed from prison by the de facto regime. (While Preval may be upset by the insecurity, that has not stopped him from trying to use it politically. Yesterday, he said the sectors responsible "want to stop the Haitian people from getting the economic means to enact their policies," and want to upset the "negotiations" with the IMF.) Protests of Teachers and Others Insecurity is not the only problem. Protests against the government from within its ranks do not cease.Employees joined the chorus of criticism against lack of government regulation of medicines and of corruption in the justice system [see other stories]. Strikes and protests continue to erupt around the country. A prison guard strike blocked prisons for four days. In Jeremie, doctors and nurses staged a work stoppage on July 15 because they have not been paid in eight months. Yesterday, protests targeted the government's neoliberal policy. Supported by the Conseil de Direction of the Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS) the state teachers' college, about 60 professors and their supporters held a sit-in at the gates of the Ministry of Education to denounce Minister Jacques Alexis who told public lycee (high school) professors owed back salaries that they will be paid, but that 1,500 will then be laid off. He also said construction on 20 lycees is being halted. Although outside the ministry yard, the teachers were flooded with tear gas as they sang slogans like "Down with Alexis!" and "Down with privatization!" Professors said the layoffs are part of the government's neoliberal policy and deny education to the country's majority. One said: "It is anti-popular and anti-national." Even if the neoliberal laws pass, once the well-known effects of the neoliberal programs begin to be felt by the population, there are sure to be more protests. And while approval of the laws will win praise from international tutors, the reaction of the Haitian people will be quite the opposite. MALARY AFFAIR: HAITIAN JUSTICE SHAMED PORT-AU-PRINCE, July 24 - At 4 a.m. today, after 16 hours of testimony, a jury returned a verdict of "not guilty" for "lack of proof" for two men accused in the assassination of Minister of Justice Francois Guy Malary and two security guards, abushed and murdered on Oct. 14, 1993. Last week, the government announced it was charging a former army corporal, Jean Rodique Antoine, known as "Gwo Folio," who for years worked directly for Port-au-Prince Police Chief Col. Michel Francois (now in Honduras), and well-known supporter of the coup d'etat Robert Lecorps, a Cap-Haitien resident in prison on drug charges prior to the coup and released by the de facto regime. Lecorps was once described by Human Rights Watch as "a Duvalierist with a history of violence and drug dealing." In the charges, Commissaire Jean Auguste Brutus said he had evidence the murders were planned by forces linked to the military, that both men were in the area at the time of the attack, and that Lecorps was seen shooting at the minister's vehicle. Many have denounced the verdict, but nobody has taken responsibility for the outcome. One of the jurors said the judge, Daniel Andre, "pressured" them to acquit. Brutus denounced "an enemy of democracy" in the jury and said he will appeal the case. High-level officials also deplored the verdict, but did not announce any concrete steps to improve the justice system. "Just like... syrup-makers put poison medicines on the market, there is a justice system that puts murderers in the street," President Rene Preval said. "The state will take its responsibility on the poison medicines, and it must accept its responsibility regarding putting murderers in the street." (He made that statement at a ceremony where he announced the appointment of a lawyer for the parents of the poisoned children so they can sue the medicine companies for "involuntary manslaughter." In the case of the thousands of victims of the coup era, next to nothing has been done.) Minister of Justice Max Antoine, more directly implicated, said "since before I became minister, I have said... justice is rotten from head to toe and merits major work." He blamed unexplained "already established principles" that "do not permit a minister do whatever he wants, how he wants," and called for "extraordinary measures." LACK OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION PROTESTED PORT-AU-PRINCE, July 22 - The final count of children poisoned to death from having taken toxic cold or fever medicine is a total of 88 poisoned, at least 62 dead so far. The toxic syrup base - which contained diethylene glycol, used in antifreeze and as a solvent - has been traced to a shipment received by Pharval Laboratories, headed by Dr. Reginald and Rodolphe Boulos, from a German company. Pharval sold some to 4-C (Caribbean Canadian Chemical Co.), owned by Maurice Accra. On July 15, the government closed down Pharval "for restructuration," and outlawed the production of syrup-based medecines here for now. (Pharval and 4-C each have 30% of the drug market and a third company has 10%. Their customers are the majority of the population, while those with the means buy foreign-made medicines.) Many Calls for Regulation The poisonings - which have occured in other exploited countries for the same reason (careless local medicine manufacture) - laid out clearly the necessity of state intervention in order to limit the excesses which naturally and normally result from the laws of the market and the logic of profit. Today the Kontak Nasyonal TKL Yo, delegates from ti kominote legliz groups around the country, denounced the all-around lack of government regulation and action. "Will you ignore these victims just like you ignored the victims of the families of people who died in the Vallieres pharmacy explosion?" they asked, referring to a Boulos family pharmacy that blew up in 1992 (during the coup d'etat), killing at least 15. There was never any explanation or investigation. "We condemn the disorganized way the Ministry of Health has managed the dossier," they added. "We condemn the negligance of the state apparatus, especially the Ministry of Commerce which allows any old kind of poisoned trash to be sold in the country, and which has no control on the quality of medicines, food, drinks..." (Journalists and a senator have reported that a government "quality control" laboratory exists within that ministry but that it is not functioning.) Finally, the delegates asked for investigators to be sent to "the corners of the country" to examine how medicines are sold, and demanded that the Ministry of Justice "do its job and determine who is responsible!" CHANDEL, a popular organization, denounced the government's delay in informing the public, and its hesitancy in accusing Pharval (and thus, the Boulos family). It said the deaths are a result "of privatization, because the state has dumped peoples' health into the hands of the private sector." Professionals have also criticized the government. The Association Medical Haitienne has said there should be state regulation of the importation, production and distribution of medicines. The Syndicat du Personnel Infirmier, a union of nurses, has called for a national policy as well as legislation to regulate local medicine production. The protests come at a time when the executive and its international tutors are calling for and pushing hard for a reduction of the role of the state. Paridoxically, Minister of Health Dr. Rodolphe Mallebranche, who, as a member of the government endorses and assumes the entire neoliberal program, is now calling for government structures to prevent such disasters. Vaccine Scandal Implicates CDS Another scandal victimizing innocent Haitian children and implicating Dr. Reginald Boulos, who also heads the U.S.-funded Centres pour le Developpement et la Sante (CDS), surfaced last week when the Washington Office on Haiti (WOH) and the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) in the U.S. revealed that over 2,000 Cite Soleil children had been innoculated with a measles vaccine that was between 10 and 500 times higher than normal as part of a U.S. government test run by Johns Hopkins University and CDS a few years ago. Several other drug tests (of "Norplant," for instance) have also been conducted through CDS. The vaccines "resulted in a higher than expected death rate" in Haiti and other"Third World" countries, the groups reported. It is not known if Haitian parents knew their children were part of the test, nor how many Haitian babies died as a result. WOH and NVIC are continuing their investigation. Opinions: PARLIAMENTARIANS AGAINST THE NEOLIBERAL LAWS In both Houses of Parliament, there are Deputies and Senators opposed to the two law projects related to the government's neoliberal policy and being pushed by the executive. [See other story, last issue and vol. 4, #15] Haiti Info asked them to explain. Deputy Jacques Garcon represents St. Louis du Nord and Anse-- Fouleur and was elected under the banner of PROP (Pouvwa Rasanbleman qganizasyon Popile). He is a member of the popular organization Mouvman Aksyon pou Sanlwi (MAS), and Komite Lit Etidyan (KLE), a student group. Garcon is against both laws: "I will always vote against all laws that are part of the neoliberal project, that are against the interests of the masses." But, Garcon said, many deputies are already "programmed" to approve them. "One way or another, it will pass," he said, but then, he predicts, "Insecurity will mount because there will be more people unemployed... For example, it says 7,500 people will be laid off, but in the International Monetary Fund report it is clear, written in black and white: 28,000 people must go... "Every person working in Haiti has a group of people depending on them. Let's take as an example a family with five or six people. If you multiply 6 by 28,000, that gives you 168,000 people that will not go to school, that will be even hungrier. The Lavalas government is attacking its own social base... Up ahead, we will have big social movements in the country, uprisings, and that is when the people can take their destinies in their hands to create a real movement in the country." Deputy Joseph Jasmin is one of two deputies for Cap-Haitien. A lawyer and founding member of Groupe d'Assistance Juridique, a legal aid group, he was elected under the Lavalas banner but, he told Haiti Info, "I am not in qganizasyon Politik Lavalas (OPL) [the largest component of the Lavalas platform]... I am a member of a popular organization of the North, ANOP (Asanble Nasyonal qganizasyon Popile), which has done things with OPL in the past... Today, OPL has chosen the neoliberal option, and we refuse that option." Jasmin said the law on administrative reform is "unconstitutional because it rejects the guarantee of job security which is in the Constitution." Also, he said, it is within a broader reform that, until today, has not been elaborated by the executive. "Legally, we do not know when it will be instituted, when it will be begin, when will it end, what modality, how it will be done, etc." he said. "We, the group of progressive deputies that reject the law, we think that the government cannot envisage throwing on the pavement, consciously, 7,500 employees... And, is it really 7,500? We are not convinced. We believe it is near 25,000, and in the context of the acute crisis the country is in today, that will reinforce the hostility the people already have against Lavalas. The initial Lavalas project was a social project, of protection of rights, of promotion of the poor masses, but today the neoliberal option will make Lavalas appear like a destructive movement, a movement crushing the people." Dep. Ferdinand Francois, a law student, is a member of PLB. Prior to being a deputy, he worked in the government, in the Ministry of Information and as Vice Delegate to his region, Grande Riviere du Nord, where he is a member of several popular organizations. Speaking on Moman Travaye radio program this week, he criticized the executive for how it presented the law project: "There is something that I always notice: each time the executive speaks, he speaks of urgency. We parliamentarians are conscious of the urgency, but on the base of that urgency, should we enter blindly into programs?" Francois is against the law projects, but not against reform. "Maybe people think that deputies are against reform. Far from it. We cannot be against reform because we know that the public administration is sick," he said, but noted there are many other steps that could be taken. "During the coup, many people went into the administration. If they wanted to do something correct... they would clean the administration of those who came in through corruption and nepotism. They would find more than enough people to fire!" On July 18, he and other deputies opposed to the administrative reform law walked out of the session, breaking the quorum, because those deputies in favor of the law refused to debate it article- by-article. He explained: "We are very lucid. We are not opposed to the government. We are trying to bring constructive criticism. We do not believe in the usefulness of something done overseas. We want a law project that directly emanates from the government... "Parliament is the last rampart, the last place where debate can be held... But what is happening in the Chamber is exactly the contrary. It is a team of deputies that... just wants to vote for the laws... I heard one say, 'Go ahead and talk! We're going to vote for it anyway!' I find this attitude very unhealthy." Francois was also vehemently opposed to the president's intervention on July 11, when he summoned Lavalas lawmakers. "I found that incorrect. I do not have a problem with people going to a meeting at the National Palace, but you could go after the session is over! The Lavalas group is the majority, but there is another group, too! You have to take them into account... They came to work, and you leave them on the side as if they are not parliamentarians, as if they do not represent anything." Senator Samuel Madestin represents the Artibonite department and ran for office on the Lavalas ticket as an OPL member. He was formerly an independent deputy and before that, a teacher and coach. He is totally opposed to both law projects. "I understand the laws on economic reforms as a plot against the poor masses," he said. "I will vote against the laws. I will combat them and look for arguments to convince the assembly to vote the same way as me." If the laws pass, as expected, he will not cease his battle. "The neoliberal question is something that has to be fought legally and also extra-legally. If the laws pass in the parliament, that means that the battle will continue outside parliament, on the asphalt," he continued. "I think it is a battle to be carried out hand-in-hand with all people who want change. We must continue to look for other forms of struggle to obtain power that will have a vision of another society, a state that reflects the new society we want, based on new values, so we don't have a society that is working for a little group of people, for the foreign imperialists." News from Grande Anse: JUSTICE: FRUSTRATION AND ANGER JEREMIE, July 6 - The population of Grande Anse is getting fed up with the lack of justice and atmosphere of impunity. Popular Justice Gets More Popular Although the courthouse here has been open, the one judgement obtained against a criminal from the coup d'etat era - three years of prison for Albert Bazile, a member of the CIA-linked death squad FRAPH (Front pour l'Avancement et le Progres Haitian) - is being appealed far away from Jeremie in Les Cayes, and the local population is understandably suspicious. In the meantime, people are regularly released from prison, evidence is "lost" and coup- era thugs circulate with impunity. After over two years of "constitutionality," in a number of regions people are starting to take matters into their own hands. On June 15, a crowd in Roseaux, located 16 kms. from Jeremie, went into the courthouse and seized three men accused of being thieves. They were killed. On June 31 in Abricot, about 24 kms. from Jeremie, a crowd attacked and killed a young man with machete and blows. According to Anse d'Hainault officials, over 20 people have been murdered in that region in less than a month. The population's anger is understandable, according to those interviewed by Haiti Info. Everyone Agrees: There is no justice Bishop Willy Romelus said he is not surprised that people are beginning to administer justice themselves. "The justice system, the government, the state is supposed to give people justice so they do not have to take matters into their own hands," said the bishop. "The church is not preaching for people to do popular justice, but when they see that someone who robs you is arrested and then two or three days later he is released, or someone who has been killing people goes and pays someone off and gets out, they see it as a danger, so they say they have to administer justice themselves because the person who committed those acts is going to come after them." A leader of Mouvman Peyizan Grandans (MPG) had a similar analysis: "People are obliged to give themselves justice. Why? Because justice does not exist. When you get to a Tribunal, it is not justice that is being meted out. You have to pay..." According to the MPG member, the judges, commissaires, and others in the judicial system in Grande Anse today were there during the coup, collaborating. Asked about the supposed judicial reform, he got angry: "Here's a question I'd like to ask: Is judicial reform simply firing someone and putting someone else in his place?... The courthouse becomes a political office, where if you are not in such-and-such a sector, you don't get justice... Those in power have their little team of friends and they put them in, and the new ones end up doing the same things." MPG is also aware of the large U.S. government role in the reform, and is against it. "The government and its ministers should be in control of reform of justice," he said. "If international instances want to come a give a hand, okay, but it has its limits. .. We have never heard the government explain why the U.S. AID [Agency for Development] or other instances are here." Finally, the leader voiced a frustration Haitian peasants have felt for generations: "We should be clear: peasants are the base of the nation! We have a right to participate, but instead, the politicians see the peasant sector for one thing only: 'Elections: go vote!' After peasants vote for someone, the person should come out and report on what he is doing. Why don't they give conferences to explain what is happening in the country?" July 24 - Interviewed the day two accused Malary murders were acquitted [see page 3], Deputy Jean Mario Siclait, a member of KOREGA (Komite Rezistans Grandans), a part of the Lavalas platform, said he was not surprised at the verdict. "The result expresses the failure of the judicial system," he said, and regarding the judicial system in Grande Anse, it functions "slowly, if not to say, not at all." "I do not think that any reform has been done anywhere in the country, because reform cannot be limited to replacing a judge or a justice of the peace," he said. Regarding the upsurge of popular justice: "One of the fundamental demands of the people, since Feb. 7, 1986, is for justice, but unfortunately, until now, the people have not found it, because it has never been a priority of those who have taken office from 1986 until today. They never take steps to help people find justice." Siclair said the justice system needs a real reform, and that the outdated, rotten laws are re-written. "How could we have justice with a series of pro-criminal laws in a corrupt judicial apparatus?" he asked. MILOT: NEOLIBERALISM SEVERELY CRITICIZED MILOT, July 6 - Not everyone is sitting, waiting to see what politicians in Port-au-Prince are going to decide on the neoliberal laws. Here in Milot, a town south of Cap-Haitien and home to King Henry Christophe's palace Sans Souci ("Without Worry"), at the foot of the hill topped with the Citadelle, the mayor, peasant groups and popular organizations are mobilizing. Seized Land Produces Corn Fed up with the lack of activity from INARA (Institut National de Reforme Agraire), last December and January peasants here seized a total of 200 carreaux (about 155 hectares) of land. Despite pressure from local police and U.N. soldiers [see Haiti Info v.4 #6], the peasants - part of Koukou Wouj Deye Te Leta pou Konbat Grangou or Red Alert After State Land to Combat Hunger - have held onto the land and reaped record corn harvests, especially on 85 heavily fertilized carreaux that had been prepared for tobacco. Over the course of the spring, INARA tried several times to organize three-way negotiations between the land title-holders, the peasants and the government, but the peasants have refused. In the meantime, according to Mayor Moise Jean-Charles (from Parti Louvri Barye [PLB], part of the Lavalas platform) the entire community is benefiting from the increased food production and related jobs that were created. Jean -Charles is familiar with land issues. He is the former head of Mouvman Peyizan Milot (MPM), which took 100 hectares in 1986. But Milot's activity does not stop there. On July 5, Jean-Charles and MPM hosted a meeting to protest the Rene Preval government's neoliberal policies and to give peasants the opportunity to learn more about the policies' effects. Over 200 members of Cap-Haitian organizations, MPM and other peasant groups, and from other places in the country, gathered in a grove at Barriere Battant to hear speakers and share ideas. Students Lend Solidarity Included in the attendance were 15 U.S. students from Tet Ansanm, a solidarity group with members in Northern California universities that are here for summer internships. Although all from the U.S., with Korean, Polish, Haitian, Ghanaian and Eritrean heritage, the students added an important note of international solidarity. Leila Karim, in her second year at the University of California at Davis and whose father is Eritrean, said: "You are fighting for economic rights; you are fighting to have your land; you are fighting for political power; you are fighting for food. My people also struggled... Like Haiti, world powers such as the U.S., Russia, England, Japan were not on our side. They wanted to exploit our resources." Karim said that when Eritrea needed to rebuild the railroad after the 30-year independence war (fighters destroyed it to make the bullets, she said), the World Bank said it would cost US$95 million and offered a loan. "But the people resisted and said, 'No! We don't want to go into debt!'" she said, describing how Eritreans rebuilt the railroad themselves for US$5 million. "This is just one example of how oppressed people... have retained hope and moved forward... by themselves, not with the help of hypocritical superpowers." Marytza Gawlik of Haitian-Polish heritage, the coordinator of the group, said: "The U.S. wants everyone in Haiti to work in factories, because for them, that is the way they can make a lot of money, but it is not the best thing for Haiti. Haiti needs to develop food security. That is what is most important, because without food security, you depend on other nations to eat and that is not good." Speakers Denounce, Illuminate Among others who addressed the gathering were Father Yves Voltaire, a member of ANOP (Asanble Nasyonal qganizasyon Popile)- North, a senator and two members of Kolektif Mobilizasyon Kont FMI. Senator Mehu Garcon, a member of PLB, saluted the solidarity brought by the students and said: "We are living in a world where the U.S. and its allies have organized a plan to suck dry the little countries... they call it 'the neoliberal plan'. It permits everyone that has money, all big guys in international finance, to turn little countries upside down anyway they want, exploit them however they want." Garcon said privatization, "liquidation" of the public administration and other programs are "a savage aggression" of five points, "like a hand has five fingers." "When they hit the face of the Haitian people, it is not with one finger [privatization] but it is with the whole hand," he said, and pledged that the block of senators "with popular sentiments" will vote against the neoliberal policies. He also appealed to the mayors and members of the communal councils not to be fooled by Preval's promises [see Haiti Info v.4 #15]: "Resist the central administration which today is carrying the flag of privatization, the flag of the death plan... Follow the example of the Milot mayor, a mayor who remains tied to his bases... The night is long, but the dream of the Haitian people is longer, we will advance little by little, toward a better day, even if the battle is difficult." The senator was followed by two members of the Kolektif. The first, from Leogane, made an oblique reference to Garcon and other parliamentarians who still believe Haiti should depend on foreign loans and "aid": "There are a lot of people who say they are against privatization. They are here with us," he said. "But we must beware of people who say they are against the privatization and who are in agreement with the country to continue to pawn itself in the IMF, World Bank, IDB, U.S. AID. It is a big knife stab!" The speaker also called for profound agrarian reform (not merely the distribution of state land, as INARA has proposed) with a plan for national agricultural production, and praised Milot peasants for their actions: "Legally, we cannot resolve the land problem, the national production problem, because the laws are badly written... it says you cannot touch private goods, and all those things block the people's struggle." A local musical group, Dekila, wrote a song especially for the meeting: "Hello, friend, I came to see how things were in your yard. In truth, friend, what I see, I can't even talk about it... The strange thing, it's a hard thing, how much misery we have endured to make the struggle continue, people die by the thousands in the resistance, a few militants escape... Today the other ones are standing there, preaching reconciliation, privatization, and we ask: Aren't any serious people here? Where is justice for the people?" The event was closed by Jean-Charles who openly attacked the Preval government. "The government that is in place is not good! It is to serve themselves only!" he boomed out. "They made a deal over our heads. We gave them power, and they went and allied themselves with the former Tonton Macoutes, the bourgeoisie... That was a big mistake." ABOUT HAITI INFO: * Haiti Info is published every two weeks in Haiti by the Haitian Information Bureau, an alternative news agency, and is edited by a group of committed individuals from democratic and popular sectors. * All articles Copyright HIB. REPRINTS ENCOURAGED. Please cite Haiti Info and send copies of usage. * Haiti Info is available by mail, and electronically via computer. Subscription rates range from U.S. $25 to $100, depending on location and method of reception. For subscriptions, other correspondence and help for journalists: Haitian Information Bureau, c/o Lynx Air, Box 407139, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 33340, USA. For electronic mail: hib@igc.apc.org.