In British society, protecting children's rights
is a "hot" topic, and as a result, a debate has developed among British
child activists over the protectionist and
liberationist understandings of child welfare in the UK. On the one
hand, a protectionist view sees adults as the guardians or protectors
of children, while it sees children in need of special treatment. On
the other hand, the liberationist view stresses the need to empower
children themselves, sees children as competent and similar to adults,
and seeks to free them from any age-based restrictions. The United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child attempts to integrate
both the protectionist and liberationist understandings under one
unified document. While the UK government, which has adopted this
Convention, tries to ensure the protection of children's rights through
legislation, children and social researchers are also working to protect
children's rights. Social researchers have explored how children actively
contribute to society through their everyday work efforts. While
activists note that children are responsible enough to care for other
children, British people routinely stereotype children as
irresponsible and incompetent, and do not recognize the
contributions children are making everyday. Children have proven
they are a responsible group of people. Despite researchers' best
attempts to present children as responsible contributors to society, the
British people continue to overlook children's social status. Therefore,
the UK government serves to balance the different understandings of child
protection between the liberationists and protectionists.
The most significant way that
the United Kingdom works to ensure the
protection of children's
rights is through the implementation of the United Nations Convention on
the Rights of the Child. The United Nations Convention on the Rights
of the Child (UNCRC) is important because it lists all
children's rights in one document, it makes adults see children as
invdividuals with rights, it applies to all children and young people
everywhere, and it covers the full range of human rights. The UNCRC was
drawn up in 1989 and gives children and young people
under 18 their own special set of rights. Ratified by the UK in 1991, the
document clearly suggests that children be provided with the same rights
as adults, such as:
Ratifying this international document has significantly improved
children's social status in the UK in comparison to the United States.
The United States and Somalia are the only two countries in the UN that
have not yet ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (The UN
Convention on the Rights of the Child 2002).
Although the UK has made
significant efforts to protect children's
rights, the UK still has many more improvements to make. According to a
recent report by the UN Committee on the
Rights of the Child, the UK has failed to fully carry out all that is said
in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The report found
that children are often beaten in their homes under the discretion of
their parents. It also found that the rate of teenage pregnancy and
the proportion of children living in poverty are still suprisingly high.
Although every nation has its social problems, child poverty is one of
the most critical issues that needs to be approached by society. The
UK recognizes what it needs to do to continue to protect children and
child welfare. With the help of the UN Committee on the Rights of the
Child, the UK will continue to ensure the protection of children's rights,
thus improving children's social status.
Article 12, probably the most recognized and innovative, provides that
"children be given the right to express their views in matters affecting
them and that in administrative and judicial affairs affecting them, they
shall be provided with the opportunity to be heard directly or through a
respresentative." Article 12 is so significant because it defines
children as equal citzens of society not only on a national level, but
more importantly, on an international level.
Guardian Society. 2002. "UN Expected to Condemn UK Child Protection Record." Retrieved November 6, 2002 (http://society.guardian.co.uk/children/story/o,1074,804481,00.html).
Harding, Lorraine. 1998. "Children's Rights." Pp. 62-75 in Child Welfare in the United Kingdom , 1948-1998, edited by Olive Stevenson. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2002. "Committee on the Rights Child Concludes Thirty-First Session." (Press Release, October 4, 2002). Retrieved November 6, 2002 (http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/newsroom).
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2002. "Committee on the Rights of the Child." Retrieved November 19, 2002 (http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/6/crc).
The purpose of this website is to inform viewers about the status of children in the United Kingdom. This site was written and designed by Rebecca Daugherty, Katie Hiatt, Jamie Koenigsberg, and Rachel Zegas as part of a project for the first year writing seminar, Children and Society, taught by Professor April Brayfield at Tulane University.