Children's Rights


In British society, protecting children's rights is a "hot" topic, and as a result, a debate has developed among British child activists over the protectionist and liberationist understandings of child welfare in the UK. On the one hand, a protectionist view sees adults as the guardians or protectors of children, while it sees children in need of special treatment. On the other hand, the liberationist view stresses the need to empower children themselves, sees children as competent and similar to adults, and seeks to free them from any age-based restrictions. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child attempts to integrate both the protectionist and liberationist understandings under one unified document. While the UK government, which has adopted this Convention, tries to ensure the protection of children's rights through legislation, children and social researchers are also working to protect children's rights. Social researchers have explored how children actively contribute to society through their everyday work efforts. While activists note that children are responsible enough to care for other children, British people routinely stereotype children as irresponsible and incompetent, and do not recognize the contributions children are making everyday. Children have proven they are a responsible group of people. Despite researchers' best attempts to present children as responsible contributors to society, the British people continue to overlook children's social status. Therefore, the UK government serves to balance the different understandings of child protection between the liberationists and protectionists.


United Nations
Convention on the Rights of the Child

The most significant way that the United Kingdom works to ensure the protection of children's rights is through the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is important because it lists all children's rights in one document, it makes adults see children as invdividuals with rights, it applies to all children and young people everywhere, and it covers the full range of human rights. The UNCRC was drawn up in 1989 and gives children and young people under 18 their own special set of rights. Ratified by the UK in 1991, the document clearly suggests that children be provided with the same rights as adults, such as:

  • freedom of religion
  • freedom of association and peaceful assembly
  • right to privacy
  • freedom of expression
Article 12, probably the most recognized and innovative, provides that "children be given the right to express their views in matters affecting them and that in administrative and judicial affairs affecting them, they shall be provided with the opportunity to be heard directly or through a respresentative." Article 12 is so significant because it defines children as equal citzens of society not only on a national level, but more importantly, on an international level.

Ratifying this international document has significantly improved children's social status in the UK in comparison to the United States. The United States and Somalia are the only two countries in the UN that have not yet ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 2002).

Although the UK has made significant efforts to protect children's rights, the UK still has many more improvements to make. According to a recent report by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, the UK has failed to fully carry out all that is said in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The report found that children are often beaten in their homes under the discretion of their parents. It also found that the rate of teenage pregnancy and the proportion of children living in poverty are still suprisingly high. Although every nation has its social problems, child poverty is one of the most critical issues that needs to be approached by society. The UK recognizes what it needs to do to continue to protect children and child welfare. With the help of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, the UK will continue to ensure the protection of children's rights, thus improving children's social status.


References

Guardian Society. 2002. "UN Expected to Condemn UK Child Protection Record." Retrieved November 6, 2002 (http://society.guardian.co.uk/children/story/o,1074,804481,00.html).

Harding, Lorraine. 1998. "Children's Rights." Pp. 62-75 in Child Welfare in the United Kingdom , 1948-1998, edited by Olive Stevenson. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2002. "Committee on the Rights Child Concludes Thirty-First Session." (Press Release, October 4, 2002). Retrieved November 6, 2002 (http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/newsroom).

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2002. "Committee on the Rights of the Child." Retrieved November 19, 2002 (http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/6/crc).


The purpose of this website is to inform viewers about the status of children in the United Kingdom. This site was written and designed by Rebecca Daugherty, Katie Hiatt, Jamie Koenigsberg, and Rachel Zegas as part of a project for the first year writing seminar, Children and Society, taught by Professor April Brayfield at Tulane University.


updated December 14, 2002