To what did the carmina mala refer to in the ancient Roman world?
Carmina mala referred to certain vocal rites or malevolent, harmful spells thought to possess a destructive force (Graf 41-42).
Etic refers to an outsider's point of view, usually
taken with an attitude of higher civilization.
Emic refers to an insider's point of view, in which
experience is used to gain knowledge of a culture.
ANSWER: See Lehmann and Myers, pages 40-44.
(The Nacirema(AMERICA) pg 71-74 in Lehmann and Myers