These term lists will help you to prepare for your EBIO 101 lecture exams and EBIO 111 lab exams. (Note: for animal terms, unranked clades, minor phyla, and Orders are in italics, and will not appear on the exams).
 

• Evolution Terms

 
• Bacteria & Archaea - Taxonomy and Terms

 
• Protista - Taxonomy and Terms

 
• Animalia - Taxonomy and Terms

 
• Fungi - Taxonomy and Terms

 
• Plantae - Taxonomy and Terms

 
• Ecology Terms

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Origin of Life

• prebiotic evolution
• spontaneous generation
• Miller/Urey experiment
• panspermia

• chain of being
• argument from design
• John Ray
• William Paley
• natural theology
• Carolus Linnaeus
• System of Hybridization
• Georges Comte de Buffon
• Theory of Degeneration
• Jeane Baptiste de Lamarck
• Theory of Organic Progression
• Robert Chambers
• System of Linear Development

• Charles Darwin
• Robert FitzRoy
• H.M.S. Beagle
• Origin of Species
• Alfred Russell Wallace
• Thomas Malthus
• struggle for existence
• survival of the fittest
• natural selection

• Thomas Huxley
• Darwin's bulldog
• Gregor Mendel
• Theodosius Dobzhansky
• geographic isolation
• blended heredity
• gemmules
• allele
• dominant allele
• recessive allele
• heterozygous
• homozygous
• mutation
• modern synthesis
• variation
• population
• evolution
• species
• speciation
• Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection
• biological species concept

• homologous chromosome
• chromatid
• amino acid
• protein
• nucleotide
• DNA
• RNA
• codon
• mutation
• genetic recombination
• sexual recombination
• mitosis
• meiosis
• haploid
• diploid
• reduction division
• independent assortment
• crossing over

• Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
• gene frequency
• population genetics
• gene flow
• immigration
• emigration
• inbreeding
• monogamy
• serial monogamy
• polygamy
• polygyny
• polyandry
• founder effect
• genetic drift
• isolating mechanism
• geographic isolating mechanism
• reproductive isolating mechanism
• temporal isolating mechanism.
• behavioral  isolating mechanism
• mechanical  isolating mechanism
• ecological  isolating mechanism
• species

• directional selection
• stabilizing selection
• disruptive selection
• industrial melanism
• microevolution
• macroevolution
• adaptation
• homologous structures
• analogous structures
• divergent evolution
• convergent evolution
• punctuated equilibrium

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Terms

• Six Kingdoms
• phylogeny
• taxon (-a)
• taxonomy
• cladism
• cladogram
• clade
• synapomorphy
• monophyletic
• paraphyletic
• polyphyletic
• domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
• motile
• bacillus
• coccus
• spirillum
• prokaryote cell
• eukaryote cell
• endosymbiosis
• autotroph
• heterotroph
• photosynthetic
• chemosynthetic
• herbivorous
• carnivorous
• omnivorous
• saprobe
• nitrogen fixation
• root nodules
• heterocyst
• stromatolites

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Protozoa = heterotrophic protists

Phylum Euglenozoa - (Euglena)

Phylum Dinoflagellata - dinoflagellates (Ceratium, Gonyaulax)

Phylum Apicomplexa - (Plasmodium - malaria)

Phylum Ciliophora - (Paramecium, Blepharisma)

Phylum Amoebozoa - (Amoeba)

Phylum Foraminifera - foraminifera

Algae = autotrophic protists

Phylum Phaeophyta - brown algae (Fucus, Sargassum, kelp)

Phylum Bacillariophyta - diatoms

Phylum Rhodophyta - red algae (Polysiphonia, Nemalion)

Terms

• algae
• protozoa
• diffusion
• phagocytosis
• pseudopodia
• carrageen
• diatomaceous earth
• red tide

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Born to be Wild (How to be an Animal) - Terms

• radial symmetry
• bilateral symmetry
• sessile
• motile
• hermaphrodite
• internal fertilization
• external fertilization
• cephalization
• anterior/posterior
• dorsal/ventral
• desiccation
• endoskeleton
• exoskeleton
• ammonia
• urea
• uric acid
• nephridia
• surface area / volume ratio
• vascular system
• coelom
• Opisthokonta
• Phylum Choanoflagellata
• choanoflagellate
  
• zygote
• blastula
• blastocoel
• blastopore
• endoderm
• mesoderm
• ectoderm
• acoelomate
• pseudocoelomate
• coelomate
• protostome
• spiral cleavage
• determinate
• schizocoels
• deuterostome
• radial cleavage
• indeterminate
• enterocoels
• hydrostatic skeleton

Subkingdom Parazoa - sponges
Subkingdom Eumetazoa - everything else
  * Radiata - cnidarians
  * Bilateria
       -- Protostomia
          - Spiralia
                 Platyzoa - flatworms, rotifers
                 Trochozoa - molluscs, annelids
         - Ecdysozoa - nematodes, arthropods
       -- Deuterostomia - echinoderms, chordates

Subkingdom Parazoa

Phylum Porifera -Sponges (Grantia, Euplectella)

Terms

• colonial organism
• amoebocytes
• choanocyte (collar cell)
• spicules
• spongin
• choanoflagellate
• ostium (-ia)
• osculum
• spongocoel
• asconoid
• syconoid
• leuconoid

Subkingdom Eumetazoa - Radiata

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Hydrozoa - Hydra, Obelia, Physalia (Man of War)

Class Scyphozoa - true jellyfish (Aurelia)

Class Anthozoa - corals, sea anemones

Class Cubozoa - sea wasps

• mesoglea
• gastrovascular cavity (GVC)
• tentacles
• cnidocytes
• nematocysts
• dimorphic
• polyp
• medusa
• planula larva
• ephyra
• budding
• umbrella (bell)
• coral reef

Subkingdom Eumetazoa - Bilateria

    Protostomia
        Spiralia
             Platyzoa
                Phylum Platyhelminthes - Acoelomate Body Plan

Phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms

Class Turbellaria - flatworms (Planaria)

Class Monogenea - flukes


Class Trematoda - flukes (Chlonorchis, Schistosoma)

Class Cestoda - tapeworms (Taenia, Dipylidium)

dorsoventral flattening
triploblastic
protonephridia
flame cells
pharynx
circular muscles
longtitudinal muscles
auricles
eyespots
statocyst
scolex
proglottids

Subkingdom Eumetazoa - Bilateria

Phylum Rotifera - Rotifers (Philodina)

Terms

• corona
• mastax
• parthenogenesis
  

Subkingdom Eumetazoa - Bilateria

    Protostomia
        Spiralia
             Trochozoa
                Phylum Mollusca - Coelomate Body Plan

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalvia - mussels, clams, oysters, scallops

Class Gastropoda - snails, slugs, conch, whelk, limpet

Class Cephalopoda - squid, octopus, nautilus

Class Polyplacophora - chitons

• trochophore larva
• hemocoel
• mantle
• mantle cavity
• gills
• incurrent siphon
• excurrent siphon
• radula
• chitin
• visceral mass
• foot
• labial palps
• tentacles
• torsion
• open circulatory system
• nephridia
• operculum

Subkingdom Eumetazoa - Bilateria

Phylum Annelida

Class Oligochaeta -earthworms (Lumbricus)

Class Polychaeta - tubeworms, paddleworms (Nereis)

Class Hirudinea - leeches

• segmentation
• segments
• metamerism
• setae
• septae
• nephridia
• parapodia
• clitellum
• cocoon
• detritivores
• coelom
• peritoneum

Subkingdom Eumetazoa - Bilateria

Phylum Nematoda - Roundworms (Ascaris, Tubatrix [vinegar eels])

• interstitial habitat
• copulatory hook

Subkingdom Eumetazoa - Bilateria

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Chelicerata
    Class Merostomata - horseshoe crabs
    Class Arachnida - spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
        Order Scorpiones - scorpions
        Order Arenae - spiders
        Order Acari - ticks and mites
        Order Opiliones - daddy longlegs
Subphylum Crustacea - crustaceans
        Order Isopoda - pill bugs (roly-polys)
Subphylum Myriapoda
    Class Chilopoda - centipedes
    Class Diplopoda - millipedes
Subphylum Hexapoda - insects
    Class Insecta
        Order Hymenoptera - ants, bees, wasps
        Order Coleoptera - beetles
        Order Lepidoptera - butterflies, moths
        Order Diptera - flies, mosquitos
        Order Odonata - dragonflies
        Order Orthoptera - grasshoppers, crickets, roaches
        Order Odonata - dragonflies
        Order Isoptera - termites

• jointed appendages
• cuticle
• chitin
• exoskeleton
• molt
• tagma
• tagmosis
• head
• thorax
• abdomen
• cephalothorax
• statocyst
• antennae
• simple eyes
• compound eyes
• gills
• sexual dimorphism
• chelicerae
• fangs
• pedipalps
• spinnerets
• webs
• Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever
• Lyme Disease
• biramous appendages
• uniramous appendages
• mandibles
• nauplius larvae
• detritus
• detritivores
• pheromones
• trachea
• spiracles
• malphigian tubules
• uric acid
• simple metamorphosis (hemimetabolous)
• complete metamorphosis (holometabolous)

Subkingdom Eumetazoa - Bilateria

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Asteroidea - starfish

Class Echinoidea - sea urchins, sand dollars

Class Ophiuroidea - brittle stars

Class Holothuridea - sea cucumber

Class Crinoidea - sea lilies

• endoskeleton
• spines
• tube feet
• ampullae
• madreporite
• ring canal
• radial canal
• mutable or “catch” connective tissue
• dermal gills
• pedicillaria

Subkingdom Eumetazoa - Bilateria

Phylum Chaetognatha - arrow worms (Sagitta)

Phylum Hemichordata - acorn worms

Phylum Chordata

     Subphylum Urochordata - tunicates

     Subphylum Cephalochordata - lancelets (Amphioxus)

     Subphylum Vertebrata - vertebrates

       Superclass Pisces

         Class Cephalaspidomorphi - lampreys

         Class Chondrichthyes - sharks, skates, rays

         Class Actinopterygii – ray-finned bony fishes

        Superclass Tetrapoda

 
Class Amphibia- frogs, toads, salamanders

Class Reptilia - snakes, turtles, crocodilians

Class Aves - birds (dinosaurs)

Class Mammalia - placental (humans), marsupial (kangaroo), monotremes (egg layers - platypus)

• notochord
• dorsal hollow nerve cord
• pharyngeal gill slits
• gills
• neoteny
  
• tetrodotoxin
• jaw
• vertebrae
• vertebral column
• backbone
• cartilage
• paired fins
• pelvic fin
• pectoral fin
• preadaptation
• lateral line
• denticles
• shagreen
• swim bladder
• bone (bony skeleton)
• bony jaws
• scales
• amniotic egg
• feathers
• endotherm
• milk
• nipple
• navel
• placental mammal
• marsupial
• monotreme
• hair
• keratin

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Kingdom Fungi

Phylum Chytridiomycota - chytrids - Allomyces

Phylum Glomeromycota - mycorrhizae - Glomus

Phylum Zygomycota - molds, Rhizopus (bread mold)

Phylum Ascomycota - sac fungi (yeasts, morels, truffles)

Phylum Basidiomycota - club fungi (mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts, smuts)

orphan phyla:

Phylum Acrasiomycota - cellular slime molds - (Dictyostelium)

Phylum Myxomycota - plasmodial slime molds - (Physarum) 

Terms

• mycology
• heterotrophs
• parasites
• saprobes
• extracellular digestion
• hypha (-ae)
• mycelium (-ia)
• chitin
• multinucleate
• cytoplasmic streaming
• lignin
• symbiosis
• mutualism
• lichens
• mycorrhizae
• endomycorrhizae
• ectomycorrhizae
• crustose
• foliose
• fruticose
• sporangium (-ia)
• gametangium (-ia)
• conjugation
• mating strain
• spore
• monokaryotic
• dikaryotic
• conidiophore
• conidia
• slime mold
• plasmodium
• swarm cell

• zoospore
• black wart disease
  

• mycorrhizae
• endomycorrhizae
• ectomycorrhizae

• stolon
• rhizoid
• sporangiophore
• sporangium
• zygospore

• ascus
• ascocarp
• ascospores
• budding
• conidiophore
• conidia

• basidium (-ia)
• basidiocarp
• basidiospores
• mushroom cap
• mushroom gills
• fairy ring

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Kingdom Plantae

Born to be Green

Terms

• waxy cuticle
• stomata
• root-shoot system
• lignin
• secondary metabolites
• secondary compounds
• diffusion
• vascular system
• tracheids
• vessels
  
• tracheophytes
• alternation of generations
• gametophyte
• sporophyte
• sporangium (-ia)
• spore
• sporopollenin
• homosporous
• heterosporous
• sporophylls
• strobilus (-i)
• gametangium (-ia)
• antheridium (-ia)
• archegonium (-ia)
• colonial organism
• daughter colonies
  

Phylum Bryophyta - mosses (Mnium, Sphagnum)

Phylum Hepaticophyta - liverworts (Marchantia, Porella)

Phylum Anthocerophyta (or Anthocerotophyta)- hornworts (Anthoceros)

Terms

• bryophytes
• rhizoids
• cushiony moss
• feathery moss
• capsule
• operculum
• protonema
• gemmae
• peat bog
• Doctrine of Signatures
• elaters
• gemmae cup

Ferns and Fern Allies

Phylum Lycophyta - club moss, quillworts (Lycopodium, Selaginella)

Phylum Sphenophyta (or Arthrophyta) - horsetails (Equisetum)

Phylum Psilophyta - whisk fern (Psilotum)

Phylum Pterophyta - true ferns (Pteris, Polypodium, Polytrichum)

Terms

• homosporous
• heterosporous
• rhizomes
• sporophylls
• strobilus (-i)
• sorus (-i)
• indusium (-ia)
• prothallus (-i)
• fiddlehead

Gymnosperms

Phylum Gnetophyta - Ephedra, Gnetum, Welwitschia

Phylum Cycadophyta - cycads (Cycas revoluta)

Phylum Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo bilboa

Phylum Coniferophyta - conifers (pines, firs, spruces, bald cypress; Pinus)

Terms

• staminate cones
• ovulate cones
• sporophylls
• strobilus
• heterosporous
• ovules
• integument
• seed coat
• seeds
• megasporangium
• megaspore mother cell
• megaspore
• seed cones
• microsporangium
• microspore mother cell
• microspore
• pollen grains
• pollen tube
• pollen cones
• tracheids
• needles

Angiosperms

Phylum Anthophyta - flowering plants

    Class Monocotyledonae - monocots (Zea, Lilium)

    Class Dicotyledonae - dicots (Helianthus, Tilia)

Terms

• vessels
• wind pollination
• animal pollination
• fruit dispersal
• coevolution
• perennial
• annual
• flower
• sepals
• petals
• stamen
• anther
• filament
• carpel
• pistil
• stigma
• style
• foliar theory of the carpel
• ovary
• ovary wall (pericarp)
• ovule
• heterosporous
• megasporangium
• megaspore mother cell
• megaspore
• embryo sac
• micropyle
• microsporangium
• microspore mother cell
• microspore
• pollen grains
• pollen sac
• sporopollenin
• tube nucleus
• sperm nucleus
• pollen tube
• double fertilization
• endosperm

• seed
• integuments
• seed coat
• cotyledons (seed leaves)
• dicot
• monocot
• hilum
• fruit
• pericarp
• endocarp
• mesocarp
• exocarp
• simple dry fruit (know ex. of all fruit types)
• simple fleshy fruit
• compound fruit
• multiple fruit
• accessory fruit
• aggregate fruit

Plant Anatomy and Development

• lignin
• meristem
• parenchyma
• phloem
• xylem
• tracheids
• vessels
• epidermal tissue
• ground tissue
• vascular tissue
• vascular bundles

• primary growth
• apical meristem
• secondary growth
• lateral meristem
• terminal bud
• axillary bud
• node
• internode
• cortex
• pith
• annual ring (tree rings)

• primary root
• secondary root (lateral)
• root hairs
• cortex
• stele
• endodermis
• Casparian strip
  
• root cap
• tap root
• fibrous root

• stoma (stomata)
• petiole
• blade
• midrib
• stipule
• simple leaves
• compound leaves

• cell wall
• collenchyma
• sclerenchyma
• sieve cells
• companion cells
• bud scales
• bud scale scars
• bundle scar
• vascular cambium
• spring wood
• summer wood
• zone of elongation
• zone of differentiation (maturation)
• epidermis
• palisade parenchyma
• spongy parenchyma
• compound palmate leaves
• compound pinnate leaves
• leaves opposite
• leaves alternate
• leaves whorled
• leaf venation
• veins parallel vs. net venation

• rhizome
• stolon
• vine
• bulb
• tuber

• storage root (tap root)
• adventitious root
• prop root

• celery

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• balance of nature
• extrinsic limiting factors
• intrinsic limiting factors
• biotic limiting factors
• abiotic limiting factors
• density-dependent lim. factor
• density-independent lim. factor
• non-equilibrium theory
• disturbance
• competition
• intraspecific competition
• interspecific competition
• niche
• niche overlap
• habitat
• fundamental niche
• realized niche
• competitive exclusion
• coexistence
• mixed-species foraging flock
• resource partitioning
• character displacement
• scramble competition (exploitation)
• contest competition (interference)
• territory
• territoriality
• floaters

• predator
• prey
• true predator
• parasitoid
• carnivore
• herbivore
• active pursuit
• solo pursuit
• pack pursuit
• ambush predator
• warning coloration
• coevolution
• predator/prey cycles
• keystone predators

• behavioral ecology
• megachiropterans
• microchiropterans
• echolocation
• sexual selection
• male-male competition
• female choice
• good genes model (Borgia)
• handicap model (Zahavi)
• aesthetic preference model (Darwin)
• runaway selection (Fisher)
• dominance heirarchy
• pecking order
• courtship display
• repertoire
• tidbitting
• leks
• bowerbirds
• bowers
• polygynous
• practice bower
• transfer effect

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